1. Weak awareness of risk management

In the process of loan issuance, the operating rules of credit issuance are not strictly implemented, and the control of loan issuance is not strict. Generally speaking, from top to bottom, we first obtain the loan intention of the superior, and then handle it step by step, so that the credit staff of the grassroots credit cooperatives mistakenly think that since the superior has the loan intention, we will follow. This reverse procedural operation makes a considerable number of credit managers have a weak sense of risk, and even some defects such as falsehood, inaccuracy and concealment appear in the first-hand investigation materials.

Mortgage loan is just a form.

At present, in addition to issuing credit loans to small farmers, rural credit cooperatives generally take the form of guarantee and mortgage loans to prevent credit risks. However, there are the following problems in practice: First, the value of collateral is too high or the proportion of right value recognized by the competent authorities is too high. At present, due to the trend of interests, some appraisal companies evaluate customers' assets not according to their actual market value, but according to their requirements, and the appraisal price is seriously inaccurate. When the borrower's first repayment source is not enough to dispose of the collateral, its realized value is not enough to cover the loan principal and interest, and some even have to pay expensive asset preservation and execution fees;

3. Poor loan management and weak internal control system.

First, the pre-loan investigation is not deep enough, the analysis of the borrower's first repayment source is inaccurate, and insufficient attention is paid to the second repayment source (that is, the realization of loan collateral). Second, it neglected the post-loan management, and repeated the management thinking of light collection and light management. Due to the large number and small amount of loans, loan officers did not implement the account manager system in rural credit cooperatives. Some large loans are ignored after they are issued, and they don't understand the borrower's operation and the use of funds. Once the loan forms a risk, it cannot be found and prevented in time. Third, there is a lack of effective supervision and restriction between posts in credit cooperatives. For example, the examiner lacks independence and authority when exercising the examination authority.

4. The disposal of non-performing assets lags behind, and the loan accountability is weak.

For the formed non-performing assets, due to the lack of timely and comprehensive early warning information, it is difficult to dispose of them and the cost of collecting loans is too high. Although the asset preservation department tries to revitalize and collect money through multiple channels, it is difficult to pay off the principal and interest because of the poor liquidity of rural assets and the difficulty in implementation. Because the reasons for the formation of non-performing assets are not divided and identified, there is no strict punishment for the accountability of those responsible for violations, some are only simple economic penalties, no administrative or legal measures are taken to deal with them, and some are not held accountable at all, resulting in unclear responsibilities. In addition, credit managers are frequently transferred, and successors ignore old accounts, and accountability is ineffective.

Second, credit risk prevention suggestions:

1. Strengthen the concept of credit risk management

Credit risk management should adhere to people-oriented, and credit personnel must adhere to principles in the process of loan business operation, organize various credit trainings regularly every quarter, improve the professional quality and moral cultivation of credit personnel, and carry out in-depth professional ethics education, financial laws and regulations study, job skills training and business study. The establishment and improvement of the old and new business articles of association of credit cooperatives is a gradual process, and high-quality credit personnel can make up for the deficiency of management system. Improve the self-restraint mechanism, formulate a strict and scientific risk management system, establish and improve the internal risk prevention system, and timely grasp the credit risk situation. It is necessary to formulate a training plan for credit business and assessment and reward and punishment measures, turn the requirement of learning business knowledge and skills into the conscious action of employees, continuously improve the management level, and effectively prevent and resolve credit risks.

2. Adhere to market positioning and serve agriculture, countryside and farmers.

Rural credit cooperatives should always adhere to the principle of "agriculture, countryside and farmers", update their ideas, adapt to the needs of building a new socialist countryside, innovate the service level of supporting agriculture, and occupy and consolidate rural positions. While continuing to support loans for small farmers, we will increase credit support for leading enterprises such as large private enterprises and large professional enterprises. Leading enterprises are connected with thousands of enterprises at one end and a vast market at the other, which is a very important key link in the agricultural industrialization chain and the "main position" of rural credit cooperatives' loan income. Doing this work well is of strategic significance to the future development of rural credit cooperatives, enhancing their own market competitiveness and improving their inherent ability to resist risks.

3. Strengthen credit management and standardize the operation process of credit business.

First, the credit project responsibility system will be fully implemented, and the responsibility for the whole process of issuing and recovering each loan will be divided into the main person in charge of credit operation and the person in charge of credit operation post. This responsibility is not affected by my transfer from my post, and it is a lifelong responsibility system. If credit risk is formed, it shall be investigated according to this responsibility. According to the principle of separation of loan and examination, the functions of pre-loan investigation, in-loan examination and post-loan inspection are divided into post-loan investigation post, in-loan examination post, in-loan approval post, in-loan supervision post and in-loan inspection post. According to the responsibilities and rights of each post, the responsibilities of each post should be reasonably determined. If the post loan decision-making behavior is not perfect, it shall be borne by the merged post, and the losses may be compensated by the director of the credit cooperative, the person in charge of the loan, the loan officer and the examiner. Quantitatively evaluate the credit management of appointed examiners. Conscientiously implement the credit supervision and management system of appointed examiners, effectively improve the quality of appointed examiners, and quantitatively assess the credit management of appointed examiners. Including the review and supervision of the necessary information of the lender, the review and supervision of the loan method, term and interest rate, the review and supervision of the loan procedure, the review and supervision of the implementation of the loan responsibility, and the filing and custody of the credit file.

4. Establish farmers' credit file system and strengthen follow-up supervision.

In view of the shortcomings of rural credit cooperatives, such as a wide range of personnel and incomplete information of borrowers, the organization forces to conduct in-depth investigations on the village collective economic situation, villagers' family income, credit rating, etc. within its jurisdiction. On this basis, a step-by-step and easy-to-operate credit collection and withdrawal scheme is formulated. At the same time, in order to effectively resolve the loan risk, it is an important step to do a good job of tracking and supervision and ensure the timely and rational use of credit funds. In terms of content, it is necessary to track and supervise the use and flow of credit funds, actively grasp the customer's funds and production and operation conditions, deeply understand the efficiency of the use of credit funds by customers, rationally analyze their repayment ability, and gradually realize the transformation from economic means to legal means.

5. Truly reflect the loan occupation pattern, improve the level of risk identification and prediction, and improve the credit risk early warning mechanism.

First, continue to improve the five-level loan classification system, clearly distinguish policy risks, so that the classification results truly reflect the credit risk status and causes, and provide a basis for taking targeted management measures. Second, qualitative and quantitative analysis methods are used to identify and measure various risk factors, risk nature and risk degree of loans, which is an important content of pre-loan investigation and review. The result of risk prediction is the basic basis for whether to issue loans, determine the loan term, control the loan amount and choose the loan method.

6. Strengthen the disposal and accountability of non-performing credit assets.

The basic situation of non-performing credit assets with early warning signals has been handed over to the asset preservation department, which should timely carry out asset preservation or legal proceedings according to the loan contract and collect loans according to law. The risk management department should distinguish responsibilities according to the post responsibilities of each post in the operation of credit business, characterize market risks or illegal operations, determine the division of responsibilities between the person in charge of credit subject operation and the person in charge of credit post management, and then impose economic penalties, liability compensation and administrative treatment on the responsible person in accordance with relevant regulations until the non-performing assets are executed. At the same time, the existing non-performing credit assets will be cut off from the old and the new, and relevant collection measures will be taken through administrative and legal means to evaluate, so as to gradually resolve and revitalize non-performing credit assets and improve asset quality. Establish a living responsibility system for clearing existing loans, strictly assess the cash of rewards and punishments, realize the organic combination of rights, responsibilities and benefits, minimize loan risks and improve the efficiency of loan use.