In 1930s, the Soviet Union introduced a large number of advanced western technologies and technologies mainly through foreign companies, engineers and experts, and made great achievements in socialist industrialization in the Soviet Union. 1On August 4th, 933, the Soviet magazine "For Industrialization" wrote: "The combination of American business and science with Bolshevik wisdom has produced great effects in three or four years ..." [1] (page 1-2) 18. Of the 104 technical assistance agreements implemented by 1930, about 84 were signed with American and German companies. Between 1929 and 1945, there are about 200 technical assistance agreements between Soviet and foreign companies [1] (P. 16). It can be said that all the key large-scale enterprises in the Soviet Union in the 1930s were armed with foreign advanced technology. 1In June, 944, Stalin told Americans that about two-thirds of large enterprises in the Soviet Union were built with the help or technical assistance of the United States, and the rest 1/3 were built with the "help or technical assistance" of Germany, France, Britain, Sweden, Italy, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland and Japan.
The three major steel mills in the Soviet Union, Magney Togorsk Steel Plant, Kuznets Steel Plant and Zaporoge Steel Plant, were all aided by the United States. Among them, Magney Togorsk Iron and Steel Plant was designed based on the Gri Plant of American Iron and Steel Company, the largest iron and steel joint venture in the world at that time, and the other 20 original iron and steel plants were also technically reformed with the help of foreign countries. The largest Dnieper hydropower station in the Soviet Union was built by 1933 with American technical equipment and American technical experts. The famous Gorky Automobile Factory was a new factory aided by Ford Motor Company of the United States in the early 1930s, while the two old factories in Moscow and yaroslavl were expanded and re-equipped with new foreign working machines. These three factories, together with a smaller assembly plant in Moscow starting from 1940, constitute the Soviet automobile industry before World War II. Stalingrad tractor factory was built in the United States, then dismantled and shipped to the Soviet Union. About 80 American manufacturers made all the equipment of the factory and assembled it by Americans and Germans in the Soviet Union. Kharkov Tractor Factory is also aided by foreign countries, with equipment made in Germany and the United States, and an American as the chief construction engineer. In terms of aircraft and engine production, the United States supplies Soviet aircraft or aircraft parts and gives technical assistance.
In addition to introducing advanced western technology in heavy industry, the Soviet Union also introduced a large number of advanced western technologies and equipment in light industry, agriculture and transportation. For example, the cotton fabric production in the Soviet Union was revived with the assistance of Germany, and the capital was provided by Chase Bank to import American raw cotton. Later, the land irrigation projects in Turkestan and Transcaucasia, the cotton-producing areas of the Soviet Union, were completed with the help of the famous irrigation engineer Davis, who served as a consultant for the construction of the Panama Canal and director of the United States Bureau of Reclamation. As early as 19 13, Davis had already surveyed the Karagan wasteland, the possibility of irrigating the "hungry grassland" in Central Asia, and suggested that the Russian authorities carry out more in-depth investigation and design work. 1June, 929, he was invited to Moscow and was told that his plan was already in progress. He stayed as the general consultant of the Soviet cotton general administration, and was responsible for the whole project of the irrigation plan in Central Asia.
2. Introduce western technicians and experts.
The Soviet Union introduced a large number of advanced western technologies and a large number of western technicians and experts. "A Soviet document in 1936 reported that about 6,800 foreign experts worked in heavy industry in 1932, and another Soviet document reported that about 1700 American engineers worked in heavy industry." During the first five-year plan period, about 400-500 American Finns worked in the Soviet Union. 1932, there were 200 Germans in Togorsk, Magney, and 730 American engineers and experts worked in Stalingrad tractor factory at different times. Before 1933, there were 350 construction workers working in the Soviet Union in the British metropolis-Vic company.
3. Introduce funds to solve financial difficulties.
Before the economic crisis, the Soviet Union was excluded and isolated, and it was difficult to get loans supported by western countries. Before 1926, the Soviet union only got a small amount of short-term corporate loans from the west, and the interest rate was as high as 15%-20%. After the crisis, Britain began to implement 65438-0929 export credit guarantee system to the Soviet Union. 1930 Italy provided 200 million lire of state-guaranteed loans to the Soviet union, and 1937 increased it to 350 million lire. Most Germany, Sweden, Denmark and Norway have provided this kind of credit. 1935, the Soviet Union obtained the first financial loan from Germany with a term of five years and an interest rate of only 6%. 1936, the interest rate of a British loan to the Soviet Union was lowered to 5.5%. 1In August, 939, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed another trade agreement to borrow Soviet money to import German equipment. Molotov said: "This kind of agreement is beneficial to us because its credit conditions (seven-year term) enable us to order a large number of urgently needed additional equipment." [1] (P.3) The acquisition of these credits solved the funding problem of imported equipment in the Soviet Union and provided financial guarantee for the development of socialist industrialization in the Soviet Union.