The loan interest rate is the interest rate charged by banks and other financial institutions to borrowers when they issue loans. It is mainly divided into three categories: the loan interest rate of the central bank to commercial banks; The loan interest rate of commercial banks to customers; Interbank lending rate
The decisive factors of bank loan interest are:
1. Bank cost. Any economic activity needs cost-benefit comparison. There are two types of bank costs: borrowing costs-prepaid interest on borrowed funds; Additional cost-the cost of normal business.
2. Average profit rate. Interest is the subdivision of profit, which must be less than the profit rate, and the average profit rate is the highest limit of interest.
3. Supply and demand of loan funds. If the supply exceeds the demand, the loan interest rate will inevitably fall, and vice versa. In addition, the loan interest rate must also consider price changes, securities returns, political factors and so on. However, some scholars believe that the upper limit of interest rate should be the marginal rate of return of funds. The factor that restricts the interest rate is regarded as the comparison between the profit growth rate of enterprises after borrowing bank loans and the loan interest rate. As long as the former is not lower than the latter, it is possible for enterprises to borrow money from banks.
(1) The interest rate conversion formula for RMB business is (note: common for deposits and loans):
1. daily interest rate (0/000)= annual interest rate (%)÷360= monthly interest rate (‰)÷30.
2. Monthly interest rate (‰) = annual interest rate (%)÷ 12
(two) banks can use the product interest method and the transaction interest method to calculate interest.
1. Accumulate the account balance daily according to the actual number of days, and multiply the accumulated product by the daily interest rate to calculate the interest. The interest-bearing formula is:
Interest = cumulative interest-bearing product × daily interest rate, where cumulative interest-bearing product = total daily balance.
2. Transaction-by-transaction interest calculation method calculates interest one by one according to the preset interest calculation formula: interest = principal × interest rate × loan term, with three details:
If the interest-bearing period is a whole year (month), the interest-bearing formula is:
① Interest = principal × annual (monthly )× annual (monthly) interest rate.
If the interest-bearing period is a whole year (month) and days, the interest-bearing formula is:
② Interest = principal × annual (monthly) × annual (monthly) interest rate+principal × odd days × daily interest rate.