Country name: The Federal Republic of Nigeria
Independence Day: October 1 (1960)
National Day : October 1 (1960)
Flag: Horizontal rectangle, the ratio of length to width is 2:1. The flag consists of three parallel and equal vertical rectangles, with green on both sides and white in the middle. Green symbolizes agriculture, and white symbolizes peace and unity.
National emblem: The central pattern is the coat of arms. The black shield is painted with a white "Y" pattern. The black symbolizes Nigeria's fertile land, and the "Y" pattern symbolizes the Niger River, the largest river flowing through the country, and its tributary, the Benue River. The upper part of the coat of arms is an eagle with its wings spread out, with a white horse on each side. The eagle and horse symbolize dignity and strength. The coat of arms and the white horse stand on the grass dotted with flowers, and the ribbon below reads "Unity and Confidence, Peace and Progress" in English.
Physical geography: Covers an area of ??more than 920,000 square kilometers. Nigeria is located in southeastern West Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Guinea to the south. It borders Benin to the west, Niger to the north, Chad to the northeast across Lake Chad, and Cameroon to the east and southeast. The coastline is 800 kilometers long. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The coast is a strip plain about 80 kilometers wide; the southern part is low mountains and hills, with an altitude of 200-500 meters in most areas; the central part is the Niger-Benue Valley; the northern Hausaland Highlands exceed 1/4 of the country's area, with an average altitude of 900 meters; the eastern border is mountainous, and the northwest and northeast are Sokoto Basin and Lake Chad Lake West Basin respectively. There are many rivers, the Niger River and its tributary Benue River are the main rivers. The Niger River is 1,400 kilometers long in the territory. It has a tropical monsoon climate with high temperatures and rainy weather. The whole year is divided into dry season and rainy season, with the average annual temperature of 26 to 27°C.
Nigeria handed over the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon
Population: Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, with a population of 140 million (2006). There are more than 250 ethnic groups in the country, among which the main large tribes are the Hausa-Fulani in the north, the Yoruba in the southwest and the Igbo in the east. The main national languages ??in Nigeria are Hausa, Yoruba and Igbo, and English is the official language. 50% of the residents believe in Islam, 40% are Christians, and 10% are others.
Capital: Abuja. The population is approximately 3 million (2005). The capital was originally the southern seaport of Lagos (lagos), and moved to the inland city of Abuja in December 1991. The average maximum temperature is 34 to 37℃, and the average minimum temperature is 20℃.
National dignitaries: President Umaru Yar'Adua (Umaru Yar'Adua), was elected in April 2007 and was sworn in in May of the same year.
Brief history: Nigeria is an ancient African civilization that had a relatively developed culture more than 2,000 years ago. The famous Nok, Ife and Benin cultures give Nigeria the reputation as the "cradle of culture" in Africa. In the 8th century AD, the Zaghawa nomadic tribe established the Kanem-Bornu empire around Lake Chad. From the 14th to the 16th century, the Songhai Empire flourished. Portuguese invasion in 1472. The British invaded in the mid-16th century. In 1914, it became a British colony and was called "Nigeria Colony and Protectorate". In 1947, Britain approved Nigeria's new constitution and established a federal government. In 1954, the Nigerian federation obtained internal autonomy. It declared independence on October 1, 1960 and became a member of the Commonwealth. The Federal Republic of Nigeria was established on October 1, 1963. After independence, there were many military coups, and the military was in power for a long time. In November 1993, the military government headed by Abacha took over power and formed an interim leadership committee and a federal executive committee to exercise state power. Abacha died suddenly on June 8, 1998. On the 9th, Chief of Defense Staff Abubakar took over as the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and it was determined that power would be handed over to the democratically elected government on May 29, 1999. In the presidential election held in February 1999, Obasanjo, candidate of the People's Democratic Party and former head of state, was elected president of the Fourth Republic of Korea and took office on May 29.
The President of Nigeria announced that he would withdraw troops from the Bakassi Peninsula. The Nigerian government opposed the internationalization of issues in the Niger Delta region
Administrative divisions: Implement federalism. There are three levels of government: federal, state and local. In October 1996, the administrative regions were reorganized, and the country was divided into 1 Federal Capital District, 36 states, and 774 local governments. The 36 states are: Abia State, Akwa Ibom State, Adamawa State, Anambra State, Bauchi State, Benue State, Borno State, Cross Rivers State, Delta State, Edo States, Enugu State, Imo State, Jigawa State, Kaduna State, Kano State, Katsina State, Kebbi State, Kogi State, Kwara State, Lagos State, Niger State, O Gon State, Ondo State, Osun State, Woyo State, Plateau State, Rivers State, Sokoto State, Taraba State, Yobe State, Gombe State, Nasarawa State, Zamfara State, Ethiopia Bonyi State, Ekiti State, Bayelsa State.
Politics: The current constitution was promulgated on May 5, 1999, and officially came into effect on May 29 of the same year. The constitution was revised based on the 1979 Constitution of Nigeria. The main contents include: Nigeria is an indivisible sovereign country and implements a federal system; it implements a political system with separation of powers. The president is the supreme chief executive and leads the cabinet to govern the country; the National Assembly is divided into the Senate and the House of Representatives, which is the country's highest legislative body. Members are directly elected for a four-year term; the Supreme Court is the highest judicial body; the president and the National Assembly are both elected, and the president has a four-year term and may not be re-elected for more than two terms.
Economy: Nigeria is the world's tenth largest oil producer and a member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Nigeria has proven oil reserves of 33.6 billion barrels and a daily crude oil production of about 2 million barrels. It is Africa's largest oil producer. In the early days of Nigeria's independence, Nigeria was an agricultural country. In the 1970s, the oil industry rose and became a pillar industry of its national economy. At present, the output value of the oil industry accounts for 20% to 30% of Nigeria's GDP. 95% of Nigeria's foreign exchange earnings and 80% of the federal government's fiscal revenue come from the oil industry. In recent years, Nigeria's annual oil exports have exceeded US$10 billion. Nigeria is also rich in natural gas, coal and other resources. Nigeria's proven natural gas reserves reach 5 trillion cubic meters, ranking among the top in the world. Nigeria has approximately 2.75 billion tons of coal reserves and is the only coal-producing country in West Africa.
After the 1980s, as oil prices fell in the international market, the Nigerian economy fell into trouble. In 1992, it was classified as a low-income country by the International Monetary Fund. Since 1995, the government has reorganized the economy and achieved certain results. In 1998, economic growth slowed down due to the drop in oil prices in the international market and the shutdown of domestic refineries. After Obasanjo came to power in 1999, he actively promoted liberalization and privatization reforms, implemented tight monetary policies, strictly restricted the borrowing of new debt, vigorously supported agriculture, and strengthened the development and infrastructure construction of oil, natural gas, mining and other industries. Actively strive for foreign investment, foreign aid and debt relief. Due to the favorable external factor of continued rise in oil prices in the international market, Nigeria's economic situation is improving. The main manufacturing industries are textiles, vehicle assembly, wood processing, cement, beverage and food processing, mostly concentrated in and around Lagos. The infrastructure is in disrepair, the technical level is low, and most industrial products still rely on imports. Agriculture accounts for 40% of GDP. 70% of the country's labor force is engaged in agriculture. The main agricultural production areas are concentrated in the northern region. At present, the agricultural production method is still dominated by small-scale farmer economy. Food is not self-sufficient and a large amount of food is still required to be imported every year. Nigeria is expected to become one of the world's top five natural gas exporters in the future. Nigeria's foreign exchange reserves exceed 60 billion US dollars, ranking first in Africa. Experts: Nigeria's proven oil reserves will be exhausted within 43 years. Nigeria has replaced South Africa to become the largest telecommunications market in Africa and the Middle East
News and publishing: News and publishing industries are relatively developed. There are nearly a hundred newspapers and magazines across the country, and dozens of radio and television stations. Federal and state governments have press ministries responsible for publicity matters. The main newspapers include "The Punch" (English), "Daily Times" (English), "The Guardian" (English), "The New Nigerian" (English and Hausa), "National Harmony News" (English), Pioneer Newspaper (English). The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) is an official news agency established in October 1978. The work of the West African regional branch of the Pan African News Agency is also undertaken by the Nigeria News Agency.
The predecessor of the Federal Broadcasting Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) was the Federal Radio Broadcasting Corporation of Nigeria established in 1952. It was changed to its current name in June 1978. The National Television of Nigeria (NTA) was established in 1962 under the leadership of the Federal Government’s Ministry of Information and Culture and has more than 5,000 staff. The country is divided into 6 television regions. There are currently 45 television stations, 13 of which are private cable and satellite broadcasting stations.
Diplomacy: Pursue a diversified foreign policy of non-alignment, good neighborliness and "centered on national interests". Actively safeguard African unity, promote regional cooperation, and promote the economic integration process in West Africa. Actively participate in peacekeeping operations of the United Nations and African regional organizations, and seek to play the role of a major African country.
Relations with China: Since Nigeria established diplomatic relations with China on February 10, 1971, the friendly cooperative relations between the two countries have developed smoothly. Cooperation between the two parties in the fields of economy and trade, oil and gas development, infrastructure construction, agriculture, high technology and other fields has developed rapidly and achieved remarkable results. In 2005, the bilateral trade volume between China and Nepal reached US$2.83 billion, a year-on-year increase of 29.6%. Nigeria has become an important trading partner and investment target of China in Africa. In April 2005, President Obasanjo paid a state visit to China, and the two countries issued a joint communique. In April 2006, President Hu Jintao paid a state visit to Nigeria. Hu Jintao delivered an important speech entitled "Working Together to Develop a New Strategic Partnership between China and Africa" ??at the National Assembly of Nigeria. The two countries also issued a joint communique. From February 27 to March 1, 2008, President Yar'Adua paid a state visit to China, and the two countries issued a joint press communiqué.