The current status of modern agricultural development in my country
(1) From the perspective of agricultural management model
Most places in China are still based on the small-scale farmer management model of intensive farming, especially It's in some underdeveloped areas. This is a policy formulated by China in the last century and continues to this day. It is undeniable that this policy played a great role in promoting the development of agriculture for a long time after its formulation. However, with the in-depth development of the market economy, especially after China's accession to the WTO, this model has become increasingly unable to adapt to the fierce market competition due to its lack of operational flexibility and inefficiency, and its operations have become difficult.
This requires agricultural management strategies to consider the overall situation, formulate a reasonable production structure, and be able to change the varieties and quantities of production in a timely manner according to market changes, so as to withstand the ups and downs of the market. However, operators under the small-scale farmer economic management model often only focus on immediate profits and decide what to produce based on the current market conditions. Moreover, the products are very single and the structure is very unreasonable. In this way, the benefits may be obvious in the short term, but due to blind mass production, the market for this product will soon become saturated, and the price will drop rapidly. After not reaping good returns, operators can only invest a large amount of money again. To operate new products that are currently popular in the market, we will once again embark on the vicious circle of chasing -> losing -> switching to another business (in fact, switching to another business may not necessarily lead to good returns, because the production cycle of agriculture is usually relatively long. Waiting until you switch to another business When products are produced later, it may be a completely different market). This has seriously affected the market competitiveness of the country's agriculture and will also affect producers' enthusiasm for production in the long term. This year's bumper lychee harvest in Guangdong has been sold at a low price, and a large number of winter melons have been unsaleable. The phenomenon of increased production without increasing income is largely due to this reason.
(2) From the perspective of production process
At present, most of China's agricultural production is still at a rough and low-level stage, and investment in science and technology is very limited, causing China's agriculture to face the following embarrassing situation.
First of all, the output of agricultural products is unstable, and operators rely on the weather for their livelihood. The output of agricultural products is greatly affected by weather and climate. However, the current operators' skills are not enough to achieve stable production by seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages. Usually, when the weather is good, the output is good and the income is relatively high. It is not the case anyway. As mentioned above: During the New Year, all operators had a bumper harvest, but supply exceeded demand and prices could not go up. The harvest is not good in the off-season, so after a year of hard work, after deducting a large amount of investment in chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc., the money that finally falls into the pockets of the operators is not much.
Secondly, productivity is low, product quality is poor, and market competitiveness is weak. At present, the mechanization and automation of agricultural production in many places in China are still very low, especially in some areas in the west. Naturally, productivity cannot be compared with those in developed agricultural countries. The problem caused by low productivity is that it is difficult to achieve economies of scale. In addition, due to rough production technology and excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the quality of our agricultural products cannot be guaranteed. This can be seen from the frequency of reports of pesticides in agricultural products exceeding standards. Under the premise of market economy, the cost-effectiveness of a product determines the market share of the product to a large extent. According to a survey: high-quality fruits in my country only account for about 40% of the total output, and products that can meet gift fruit standards only account for about 5% of the total output. A large number of them are medium and low-grade fruits, especially the appearance is worse. According to a survey, the average CIF price of imported apples is about 3.90 yuan/kg, that of citrus is 4.00 yuan/kg, and that of bananas is 1.90 yuan/kg, which is similar to the wholesale price of similar fruits in my country, but the overall quality is obviously higher. The prices are about the same, but the quality is not as good as others. In order to survive, our products must be sold at a lower price. In fact, the current retail price of imported fruits on the market is twice or even higher than similar domestic fruits.
Finally, there is the technical issue of storage and preservation of agricultural products. This affects the development of our product market and makes it difficult for sales to achieve new breakthroughs.
(3) From the perspective of marketing strategy
Traditional agricultural producers often only focus on large-scale blind production and do not participate in sales issues after production is completed, resulting in a disconnect between production and marketing. In this way, producers cannot grasp market information in a timely manner and formulate corresponding marketing strategies based on subtle changes in the market.
Sometimes products are unsaleable not because of an imbalance between supply and demand, but because of a problem with marketing strategy.
What traditional operators ignore is also the establishment of brand image. A good brand image is a huge intangible asset and a good guarantee of sales. However, it is still difficult to find local agricultural products brands that are very popular among consumers and have a certain status in the minds of consumers in the agricultural products market. Even if there are, it is very likely that the quality of the products is not controlled during the production process. , which leads to the decline of brand image and the situation of destroying one's own sign.
Another problem is that most of the transactions in China's agricultural products market are primary products, and there is no emphasis on further exploring the value of the products - there is a lack of deep processing of the products. Deep processing of products can not only increase the added value of the product itself, but also increase product diversity, broaden the market, and improve market competitiveness and adaptability
3. Factors restricting the development of modern agriculture in our country
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(1) The current investment guarantee mechanism is not suitable for the development of modern agriculture
Governments at all levels must effectively shift the focus of infrastructure construction and social undertakings development to rural areas. The increase in funds for education, health, culture and other undertakings and fixed asset investment will mainly be used in rural areas, and the proportion of government land transfer revenue will be gradually increased in rural areas. It is necessary to establish a mechanism for the stable growth of investment in "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" and actively adjust the structure of fiscal expenditures, fixed asset investment and credit. The annual growth rate of total agricultural investment by the central and local governments at or above the county level should be higher than that of their regular fiscal revenue. growth rate, and form a stable source of funds for the construction of new rural areas as soon as possible.
On the basis of strengthening agricultural science and technology innovation, we will accelerate the improvement of the agricultural science and technology extension service system in accordance with the principles of strengthening public welfare, activating profit-making, and guiding non-profit. Actively explore new mechanisms for agricultural technology promotion, take the national agricultural technology extension agency as the leader, implement the integration of agricultural science and education, industry, academia and research, science, industry and trade, mobilize social forces to participate in agricultural technology promotion, and cultivate diversified agricultural technology promotion subjects. Various subsidy policies implemented in recent years have been well received by grassroots and farmers. It is necessary to continuously consolidate, improve and strengthen, and gradually form an agricultural subsidy system with clear goals, direct benefits, diverse types, and easy operation. It is necessary to continuously consolidate, improve and strengthen, and gradually form an agricultural subsidy system with clear goals, direct benefits, diverse types, and easy operation
(2) The facilities and equipment of modern agriculture are too low
Improving agricultural facilities and equipment is an important part of building modern agriculture. We must be determined to increase investment, strengthen infrastructure construction, and accelerate the change of backward production and living conditions in rural areas.
Strengthening the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities should be regarded as a major event in the construction of modern agriculture. Accelerate the renewal of supporting facilities and water-saving renovations in large irrigation areas, complete the construction of final canal systems, and implement total irrigation water volume control and quota management. Expand the implementation scope and scale of technical renovation of large pumping stations. Comprehensive agricultural development should increase investment in water-saving renovation of medium-sized irrigation areas. Strengthen the construction of drought-resistant water sources in hilly and mountainous areas, and accelerate the construction of small and medium-sized water source projects in southwest China. Increase the scale of special funds for small farmland water conservancy project construction subsidies. We will intensify the efforts to eliminate and strengthen dangerous reservoirs, strengthen the management of small and medium-sized rivers, and improve the rural water environment. Guide farmers to carry out farmland water conservancy project construction that directly benefits them, and promote effective practices for farmers to participate in irrigation management. Strengthen and implement the farmland protection responsibility system and effectively control the scale of agricultural land converted into construction land.
(3) The government’s financial support for agriculture is not sound enough
To strengthen financial support for agriculture, it is necessary to further promote the reform and innovation of the rural financial system and speed up the establishment and improvement of the “three rural” A multi-layered, wide-coverage, and sustainable rural financial system with unique characteristics.
We should further lower the access conditions, relax the scope of access, actively cultivate diversified new rural financial service entities, and strive to build a diverse, comprehensive coverage and clear division of labor including policy finance, commercial finance, and cooperative finance. , orderly competition and efficient rural financial service system. Encourage various financial institutions to carry out financial innovation and provide convenient and fast services to customers in rural areas. Since rural finance faces thousands of households, with higher costs and lower returns, commercial finance lacks income incentives to carry out business in rural areas. Therefore, the state should provide certain preferential policies to the financial sector that serves agriculture in terms of taxation, regulatory standards, re-lending, and credit risk protection. The fourth is to accelerate the development of agricultural policy insurance.
The pilot scope of policy-based agricultural insurance should be expanded, the coverage of agricultural insurance should be increased, and the ability of agriculture to resist risks should be enhanced.