1. At present, the benchmark interest rate for loans over five years is 6.55%. If it rises by 10%, the annual interest rate is 6.55% * (1+10%) = 7.205%. If it falls by 10%, the annual interest rate is 6.55% * (1-10%) = 5.895%.

2. It is a preferential policy for banks to lower the benchmark interest rate 10%, because the benchmark interest rate is stipulated by the central bank, for example, it is currently 6%, and 10% is 5.4%. But in the process of this loan, if the benchmark interest rate is adjusted to 7%, then the real interest rate is 7%*0.9=6.3%.