In recent years, all localities and departments in Jiangsu Province have conscientiously implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on encouraging migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start businesses, fully implemented supporting policies, made efforts to enhance their entrepreneurial ability, actively created entrepreneurial carriers, and constantly optimized entrepreneurial services, initially forming a strong atmosphere in which the government encourages entrepreneurship, the society supports entrepreneurship, and migrant workers returning to their hometowns are brave in starting businesses. Migrant workers returning home to start businesses have released great potential and vitality. Since 20 16, the province has supported 89,300 returning migrant workers to start businesses, established 63,700 business entities and promoted 272,800 jobs.
Because the policy and institutional bottlenecks such as finance, land and talents that directly affect the entrepreneurship of returning migrant workers have not been completely broken, the personalized needs of entrepreneurs for government services have not been effectively met, resulting in low entrepreneurial level, small entrepreneurial scale and weak employment-driven ability. Based on the relevant situation in Jiangsu province, this paper analyzes the problems and reasons faced by migrant workers returning home to start businesses, and puts forward some ideas and countermeasures to improve the work of migrant workers returning home to start businesses.
Existing problems and reasons
Financing difficulty directly affects the sustainable development of returning home to start a business. In recent years, all parts of Jiangsu Province have expanded the policy scope of entrepreneurship guarantee loans, raised the standard and increased efficiency, and gradually increased the loan quota for returning migrant workers, which has solved the problem of start-up funds in the initial stage of entrepreneurship to some extent.
However, with the continuous growth of loan demand and the continuous expansion of the scale of start-ups, the amount of guarantee funds in some areas is too small, and the problem of insufficient fund guarantee ability is prominent.
Financial institutions still generally require borrowers to provide counter-guarantee measures, and some entrepreneurs find it difficult to apply for loans because of the lack of valuable property or credit collateral. In addition, for the successful migrant workers, the follow-up financial support for the further development of enterprises is insufficient, and there is a lack of targeted financial products and services.
Entrepreneurial sites restrict the expansion of the scale of returning home entrepreneurship. In the early stage of starting a business, most migrant workers use idle factories, their own courtyards, abandoned schools and other collective houses or their own houses as production and business premises.
However, due to the need to expand the site for enterprise development, the land supply is difficult to meet the needs of enterprise development due to the tight index of construction land and the difficulty in examination and approval when promoting standardized production and group development. The difficulty of the venue is also manifested in the mismatch between the facilities, services and production specifications and the surrounding environment.
The agglomeration effect of entrepreneurship policy has not been fully exerted. At present, the entrepreneurship support policies for returning migrant workers involve many government functional departments such as development and reform, human society, agriculture, land, education, science and technology, and poverty alleviation.
"Multi-policy" leads to policy fragmentation, many channels for information release, unclear job responsibilities, low financial subsidy standards and complicated handling procedures. Various entrepreneurial carriers built by various departments are generally homogeneous, which is not conducive to the smooth enjoyment of various entrepreneurial support policies by returning migrant workers.
The contradiction of human resources supply is more prominent. On the one hand, the entrepreneurship of the secondary and tertiary industries of returning migrant workers is mainly concentrated in counties (cities) and towns, and public resources such as housing, transportation, education and medical care are relatively scarce, which is unattractive to skilled talents and skilled workers. However, with the acceleration of industrial transformation and upgrading, the market demand for product quality and human quality continues to increase, and it is difficult for migrant workers returning home to find qualified skilled workers to start businesses.
On the other hand, the proportion of rural labor transfer employment in Jiangsu Province has reached 73%, and some migrant workers who have returned to their hometowns to start a business reflect that it is very difficult to recruit young rural laborers.
Anti-risk awareness needs to be improved. Most migrant workers who return home to start businesses have low cultural quality, insufficient management ability, weak ability to adapt to the market, and the phenomenon of following the trend and homogenization is common, and the risk of starting businesses is high.
Entrepreneurship training needs to be further optimized. The entrepreneurship training of migrant workers generally includes multi-head training, repeated training and routine training, and the targeted and precise training is insufficient.
The funds for migrant workers' skills training are scattered in poverty alleviation, human society, agricultural committees and other departments, which cannot be effectively integrated, directly affecting the scale and level of training. The quality of migrant workers is uneven, and the fields and ways of entrepreneurship are different, so the entrepreneurship training for migrant workers is relatively difficult. The ability of returnees to master training skills and improve technical level is relatively weak, and innovative training methods need to be further explored.
Countermeasures and suggestions
Improve the construction of institutional mechanisms. Adhere to the combination of government promotion and social guidance, form a joint force, and create a policy environment and social atmosphere conducive to migrant workers returning home to start businesses.
Clear job responsibilities. Strengthen the leading role and main responsibility of party committees and government departments at all levels, especially county-level governments, in promoting the entrepreneurial work of returning migrant workers, improve the departmental coordination mechanism, clarify work responsibilities, and accelerate the overall implementation of various entrepreneurial support policies.
Improve the efficiency of the use of financial funds, integrate the use of funds from various departments involving migrant workers returning home to start businesses, strengthen performance appraisal, and incite and guide social capital to form a joint force. It is an important evaluation index to create an entrepreneurial atmosphere and support returning migrant workers to start their own businesses.
Improve the credit policy for returning home to start a business. Increase support for policy loans, continue to expand the scale of venture guarantee funds, and focus on supporting the financing needs of returning migrant workers.
The implementation of rural contracted land management rights and farmers' housing property rights mortgage business guarantee loans, support the handling bank to take the form of "joint insurance, mutual insurance" to provide business guarantee loans for returning entrepreneurs.
We will improve the socialized credit support mechanism and encourage banking financial institutions to develop credit products and service models that meet the needs of returning migrant workers.
Increase support for returning home to start a business. Improve the safety of land use. If existing houses and land are used to set up new formats such as cultural creativity, scientific and technological research and development, healthy old-age care, industrial tourism and space creation, the transitional policy of continuing to use land according to the original use and land ownership type can be implemented. After the expiration, if it is necessary to go through the formalities for land use according to the new use, the allocated land can meet the Catalogue of Allocated Land.
Allow returning migrant workers to use family residences, rental houses and temporary commercial houses as business premises. Migrant workers who return home to start businesses are allowed to use their own houses or other conditions to engage in tourism business according to law.
Effectively reduce the risk of returning home. Strengthen the guidance of migrant workers' entrepreneurship and encourage entrepreneurs to establish mutual aid alliances. At the same time, establish and improve the bottom-up guarantee mechanism. For returning migrant workers registered in the industrial and commercial departments for the first time, according to the operating time, enterprises can give certain subsidies after cancellation, which can be used for individuals to pay social security fees.
Improve the effectiveness of entrepreneurship training. Carry out classified training to enhance the pertinence and effectiveness of entrepreneurship training. Improve the quality of training and improve the standardization and standardization level of entrepreneurship training.
Comply with the development trend of "internet plus" and rural e-commerce, strengthen e-commerce and entrepreneurship training, and gradually guide migrant workers returning home to start their own businesses in a new economy, new industries and new formats. Strengthen the construction of teaching staff, establish the management system of entrepreneurial service experts, and carry out the professional qualification certification of entrepreneurial consultants.
Improve the entrepreneurial service system. It is suggested that government departments at all levels should further improve the living environment and employment environment in rural areas, guide the rural labor force to transfer employment on the spot and meet the entrepreneurial employment needs of returning migrant workers.
Integrate entrepreneurial carriers such as migrant workers' entrepreneurial demonstration parks and entrepreneurial incubation bases in various departments, and encourage and support towns and administrative villages to build farmers' entrepreneurial parks and entrepreneurial points according to local conditions.
Increase preferential policies such as site rent for enterprises entering the park, and provide product sales services to promote the highly integrated development of entrepreneurship in the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and help the entrepreneurial projects of returning migrant workers continue to grow and develop.