The "shame" he refers to is that he once impersonated someone else for 6 yuan and passed JD Baitiao's face-to-face verification, and obtained Baitiao's credit limit of more than 30,000 in Jurassic World. He was eventually sentenced for committing fraud and became an Internet celebrity. A member of the black market.

In this wave of "consumer finance plus leverage", JD.com Baitiao has a catchy slogan: young people don't leave anything blank. For many young people born after 1995, such as Liu Xue, they fell into the "Jingdong Baitiao Fraud Case", leaving criminal records and stains on their lives.

“It’s no problem to make an order”

In 2018, Luo Yang didn’t know why he was arrested until he was taken to the detention center for 1 yuan. This all happened during those two days when I went out with my classmates nearly a year ago.

After finishing junior high school in Liuyang, a small town in eastern Hunan, Luo Yang studied at a vocational college in Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province. Because he couldn't understand the teacher's lecture, he chose to leave midway and went to work as an auto repair apprentice in a 4 S shop, earning more than 2,000 yuan a month.

"Jurassic World 3" In late October 2017, Hu Liang, a junior high school classmate, suddenly sent an invitation to travel to other provinces. I don’t have much contact with Luoyang and Hu Liang. His impression of Hu was that he worked as a waiter and chef in a restaurant. I met him during the Chinese New Year the year before last. I felt that he was quite rich, and he seemed to be making some kind of IOU. Anyway, he was just buying and selling things. Hu Liang has a girlfriend, Wang Li, who is studying in college in Guizhou. He rents a house and lives near Wang Li's school. In addition, he likes to play games and has recharged the game with 40,000 to 50,000 yuan.

The destination of this trip to other provinces is a university in Zhengzhou, Henan. Hu Liang promised to be responsible for the travel expenses, food and accommodation in Luoyang, and to return 1,000 yuan to Weiwei. At that time, as long as he "helps a little bit", he can take a photo with his ID card and forget about the rest.

Luo Yang was a little excited. "Do a friend a favor."

When Hu Liang called Luo Yang, Luo Yang was playing a game with another junior high school classmate He Jun with the sound on. After graduating from high school, He Jun studied at a university and graduated with a bachelor's degree in 2016. He majored in sales at an undergraduate university in Hunan.

“They said they want to go to Zhengzhou, and I really want to go because I like traveling and have never been to Zhengzhou.” He Jun told The Paper. At that time, all he wanted to do was play with them. When Hu Liang said that he was only responsible for Luoyang's accommodation expenses and his days and nights in Wuhan, he immediately expressed his intention to go with them at his own expense. "As soon as school started, my family gave me living expenses," He Jun said.

Luo Yang remembers that "Jurassic World 3" cost 27 yuan in 2017. He and his boss took two days off and took a train to a university in Zhengzhou with He Jun. Two young men around the age of 19, Yuan, had no idea that this trip would intersect their fates with crime.

Luo Yang and He Jun saw Hu Liang and his girlfriend. The four young people were talking and laughing and were in a good mood. Downstairs in a university dormitory in Zhengzhou, Hu Liang took out two ID cards and told Luo Yang that he had contacted the interviewer at JD.com, and then he could take photos with his ID cards.

Luo Yang was not without hesitation. "I asked, who is pretending (day and night in Wuhan), will you find me? He (Hu Liang) said, don't worry, you will find it when the time comes. You call Wang Sijia, and I will help you You are not responsible for paying back the money,” Luo Yang told The Paper, saying that he thought the worst consequence would be that the college students who went to school came to him to pay back the money.

He Jun was also handed an ID card. Hu Liang promised to pay him 500 Yuan Yuan. "They all advised me to place an order, saying that I was not paralyzed (note: referring to 'not happy'). What should I fear about this kind of thing? I think having fun (among friends) means there is no problem in placing an order."

Campus I-Tiao

Luo Yang and He Jun each took the other person's ID card and walked into the interviewer's dormitory - a college student.

In 2014, JD.com Baitiao was launched, marking an important watershed in China’s consumer finance market. At that time, star products in the field of Internet consumer finance such as JD Baitiao, Ant Huabei, and Ant Jiebei were launched one after another. The following year, “micro-lending” was born and expanded rapidly at an unprecedented rate. Consumption is growing by leaps and bounds

Research reports show that so far, the number of approved consumer finance companies in China has increased from 4 in 2009 to 23. The five consumer finance companies in the 23 yuan include traditional commercial banks, licensed Home Credit Consumer Finance, consumer finance companies represented by e-commerce backgrounds such as Ant Huabei and JD Baitiao, as well as numerous online small loan licenses.

6 yuan In 2015, Xu Ling, then senior director of consumer finance at JD.com, said in an interview with Xinhua.com that the size of China’s consumer finance market is expected to rapidly advance from 100 billion to one trillion, JD. com Baitiao helps users increase their monthly consumption power by more than 100%. After "Double 11" in 2017, Xu Ling and Qin Shuo had a conversation: A new wave of consumption has emerged in China, and consumers are deeply inspired by the popularity of installment consumption and mobile payment. From a financial perspective, installment is to leverage and realize your consumption. In recent years, it has become popular among young people.

Several judgments show that starting in 2016, JD.com launched a new undergraduate application and credit method,——. There is no need to bind a credit card or bank card. You only need to fill in your true student status information and contact information. Through the JD.com interview, you can get a credit limit of up to 10,000 yuan for 1.5 yuan. For non-school students, you still need to provide your ID card and the bank card bound to your ID card. Face-to-face interviews for college students started with remote video face-to-face interviews by JD.com, and soon turned into face-to-face interviews for part-time college students recruited by various universities.

Sun Tianchi, a graduate student in financial law at Peking University Law School, demonstrated the legal nature of JD.com’s IOUs and wrote an article saying that the “2018 China Consumer Credit Market Research” was widely disseminated. Sun Tianchi said that he didn’t quite understand why JD.com adopted the “very low and traditional” method of “face-to-face signing”. "Even if college students don't have a credit card, they basically have a bank card. Through bank card binding or face recognition, the risk of non-real-name authentication can be completely avoided."

A staff member of JD Baitiao Operations Department told The Paper, " Now it seems that the face-to-face review at that time was really inappropriate. Because the Internet is about efficiency, it is more convenient for college students to sign in on their own campus."

Hu Liang has an online dating student named Wang from Xiangtan, Hunan. College students at an undergraduate institution. In 2016, he opened IOU payment in a JD.com mall and soon discovered that there were loopholes in the use of JD.com's IOU. You can easily find real student status information through Xuexin.com. There are imposters interviewing in Wuhan day and night. If you fill in your contact information, you can really "IOU" shopping. It is not easy to find out the long billing period. Therefore,

he "operated" and organized people to collect ID cards of college students, find people to pretend to be real college students, open IOUs, buy things and sell stolen goods to make a profit. The indictment from the Tianxin District Procuratorate of Changsha City shows that Wang’s gang consists of 2 principal criminals and 7 accomplices, with a clear division of labor.

When Luo Yang and He Jun went to JD.com under false names this time, they acted as key pieces in impersonating others. Previously, Wang's people had submitted the information of college students applying for IOUs, and JD.com officials automatically popped up the contact information of the corresponding school's interview officer, and Hu Liang contacted the interview time.

"I have no money, so I have to go and get a visa."

In fact, before looking for Luo Yang and He Jun, Hu Liang had already looked for many acquaintances. For example, another junior high school classmate Liu Xue. In 2016, when Hu Liang came over, Liu Xue was studying at a junior college in a medical and health school in Hunan.

"He (Hu Liang) said, are you short of money? I'll give you a chance to make a fortune. You can take your ID card and record a video. You won't have to do anything. I'll give you 200 yuan." Liu Xue said , Hu Liang stuffed him 400 yuan on the spot, and also introduced Jingdong Baitiao to him: "It is specially for loans to college students. If you are not a college student, you must be an undergraduate."

"I was in the prime of life at that time. When I was in adolescence, I was really short of money when I was having a girlfriend." Liu Xue said that he remembered the first three interviews where he pretended to be someone else, all of which were via video interviews. Around the first half of 2016, before he turned 18. "Hu Liang gave me a note with other people's ID numbers, schools, courses, parents' contact information and other information on it. Just hide it behind the camera and read it. There are uncles and aunts on the other end of the video, they should be from JD.com Employee."

Liu Xue said that he was scared at the beginning of the interview, but under Hu Liang's "MLM-style brainwashing", he went through the video interview three times and went back to the interview with more worries. During 3 campus interviews, the president pretended to be 6 people.

The campus interview took place around the second half of 2016. He followed Hu Liang to undergraduate colleges in Chongqing, Chengdu and Guilin. "Hu Liang said he would take me out to play. On the way, he said we had no money and we had to go for an interview." It took them more than three days to complete three interviews at three schools in three provinces.

Once, he asked Hu Liang, how much quota do you get every time I go for an interview? Hu answered him, 6,000-8,000 yuan, then added, "I have someone above me."

The person above Hu Liang is Wang. Hu Liang confessed that he had also helped Wang pretend to be someone else for interviews. Later, he no longer pretended to be someone else for a visa interview in person, but found someone else to impersonate him.

Liu Xue and Luo Yang were also curious about how Hu Liang and others obtained these fake college student ID cards. Later, Hu Liang told them that first, they would buy ID cards through QQ, and the seller would display a large number of ID card pictures in his QQ space. These ID cards are priced at 500 yuan, and prices can be negotiated.

Then, they logged into Xuexin.com, a website that specializes in checking academic qualifications and student status. The full name is "China Higher Education Student Information Network." You can register and log in to the website with your mobile phone number, and you can query relevant information by providing your ID number. In Sun Tianchi's view, there is nothing wrong with Xuexin.com itself. "This is an open website. For example, it is convenient for recruitment agencies to understand the academic background of applicants."

But for Wang and others, this website is also very “easy to use.” After the real-name calling card is made, it is not easy to apply for it. They found a virtual website that could generate a phone number, and used this temporary phone number to register and log in to Xuexin.com. Because Xuexin.com requires verification, this virtual website can receive 100 verification code text messages by charging ten yuan.

After logging in to Xuexin.com, they then checked the ID number of the seller’s QQ space and logged in one by one to verify that they were undergraduate students. Then they bought the ID card and applied to open Jingdong Baitiao.

“It’s very accurate and doesn’t waste a dime.” Luo Yang said.

After learning about these "tricks", Liu Xue said that he would not do it again after completing the last order, and also advised Hu Liang not to "go crazy". But the two had a big fight about it.

"He (Hu Liang) said, if you don't do it, more people will do it. My brother does it, and my friends do it. You have money, but you don't earn the money you put in front of you." Liu Xue recalled .

“It’s nothing like them, but they passed the interview.”

Luo Yang and He Jun were still very nervous before meeting the JD interviewer.

"This ID card is from the Northeast. They speak Northeastern dialect. I speak Hunan 'plastic' Mandarin. Will I be a gangster?" Luo Yang told The Paper. At that time, he asked Hu Liang, and Hu comforted him. , "You may not pass the video interview, but 100% pass the campus interview."

Liu Xue said that when he first did the video interview, he was a little scared, "Hu Liang said, 'You have a similar nose to this person. You and this person have really similar eyes. In fact, they are not alike at all, but they passed the interview."

The final interview between Luo Yang and He Jun also proved that this was just a "false alarm."

Both of them confirmed the following information to The Paper: After seeing the two of them, the interviewer did not say much. He directly took the ID cards handed over by them and used a tablet similar to the one used by the bank lobby manager. The interview machine took photos of the front and back of the ID card, and then asked each of them to take another photo on their chest with the fraudulently used ID card, without looking at the photo on the ID card at all. The entire interview process only takes two or three minutes.

After taking the photo, the interviewer "pointed to the machine in his hand and said, take this to the class and ask all the students to open IOUs, and then I will give you a share." "I heard that the interviewer For every approved application, you can get a commission of 5 yuan," Luo Yang said.

At another university in Zhengzhou, Luo Yang also interviewed once, "It was faster. The interviewer asked me to wait for him in the playground because he had to go to physical education class. He ran over and said, It was you. He left after taking the photo."

Liu Xue said that when he went to see an interviewer, "(Hu Liang) took out 100 yuan and asked you to take it with you." When he saw the interviewer and handed over the cash, "He said, 'You're too polite,' and then took it." On the previous occasion, he had brought milk tea to the interviewer.

Within a few minutes after the interview between Luo Yang and He Jun, Hu Liang's mobile phone received a text message "Congratulations on passing the interview." Luo Yang received a credit line of 14,000 yuan in two interviews, and He Jun received 6,000 yuan.

Luo Yang learned that Hu Liang had more than a dozen mobile phones for the elderly specifically used to receive verification information, and several smartphones with the JD Financial App downloaded specifically for applying for IOUs and placing shopping orders.

After finishing their affairs in Zhengzhou, the four young people bought air tickets and flew directly to Dalian, Liaoning Province - Hu Liang's girlfriend Wang Li also had a mission. She was going to pretend to be from a university in Dalian this time. Female college student interviews. Luo Yang remembered that the amount of the i-tiao Wang Li received was 12,000 yuan.

Wang Li sometimes needs to help Wang Liang organize order data, and takes advantage of the convenience of studying in a remote area to receive packages purchased on JD.com.

After arriving in Dalian, Luo Yang and He Jun had already placed orders for mobile phones, phone watches, air purifiers and other items with their I-Tiao quota. The delivery address of these items happens to be a hotel in Dalian. Then, it was sent from Dalian to Xiangtan, Hunan, where Wang’s school is located.

The judgment showed that Luo Yang and He Jun had spent only 8.3 yuan and 58 yuan on the IOU quota they applied for. In addition to electronic products, Hu Liang also buys chocolates and other snacks.

On the second day in Dalian, Luo Yang had something to do and decided to fly back first. "(Hu Liang) said he had no money. I paid for the plane ticket myself." Others stayed in Dalian for a few days.

In the early morning of March 29, 2017, Luoyang took a taxi from Huanghua Airport back to his hometown of Liuyang, completely ending this inter-provincial trip. But he didn't expect that his impersonation operation would be noticed by JD.com.

Less than a year later, the police came to arrest him.

Jingdong Baitiao’s homepage slogan: Don’t leave anything blank when you are young, spend money as you please, pay first and pay later.

"Small Abacus" and "Big Business"

The investigation by the Changsha Police showed that what Wang, Hu Liang and others were "trading" was a company that exploited JD.com's Baitiao review loopholes. Fraudulent criminal gangs.

The court finally determined that from January to June 2017, the criminal gang faked the identities of 141 people for face-to-face activation, and defrauded credit lines to purchase mobile phones and other products on JD.com, causing losses to JD.com. Nearly one million yuan.

This is just a small group of Internet criminals who rely on consumer finance to commit fraud and cash out. A "Digital Financial Anti-Fraud White Paper" provided by JD Financial Public Relations Department staff stated that digital financial fraud has shown new characteristics such as specialization, industrialization, concealment, and cross-region, posing a great challenge to traditional anti-fraud methods. . As the size and development potential of the financial market gradually expands, the risks and hidden dangers it exposes are also increasing day by day. According to statistics, there were more than 1.5 million employees in the illegal industry in 2017, with an annual output value reaching 100 billion.

Staff from JD.com’s financial public relations department told The Paper that in the face of rampant online black industry, it has become necessary for them to cooperate with the police in crackdowns. By the end of 2018, JD Finance had cooperated with local police to crack down on more than 80 cases of telecommunications network fraud, illegal intrusion into computer systems, loan fraud, and infringement of citizens’ personal information, arresting more than 500 suspects and avoiding billions of yuan in property losses.

The staff of Jingdong Baitiao Operations Department admitted that the enterprise bears the risks at its own risk, and those that are really not going to be recovered can only be disposed of as "bad debts". In operation, "credit risk is still controllable, and the biggest risk is It’s a fraud risk”.

For users who have suffered losses due to theft of their ID cards, as in this case, JD Finance can waive the user's repayment liability. But they also said that JD.com can afford such losses. “JD.com Baitiao’s bad debt rate and capital loss level are more than 50% lower than the industry average. In fact, compared with tens of millions of Baitiao users and tens of billions of Baitiao amounts, , the losses caused by these criminal cases are very low."

The Paper has noticed that JD.com Baitiao has now closed the Baitiao interview review channel. In addition to filling in student status information, college students must bind a bank debit card to open Baitiao.

The aforementioned "2018 China Consumer Credit Market Research" stated that China's consumer finance market still has broad room for development. In the consumer finance sector alone, the scale has climbed from 679.8 billion yuan in January 2010 to 8.45 trillion yuan in October 2018, and its proportion of domestic loans has increased from 1.7% to 6.3%. The “trillion blue ocean” predicted by industry insiders is becoming a reality.

“In the final analysis, for enterprises, this is just a business.” As a professional criminal defense lawyer who has handled many major financial fraud cases, Luoyang’s defender Liu Hong believes that combating financial fraud crimes We can only treat the symptoms, but the fundamental strategy is to bring all types of consumer finance companies into a unified supervision system, strengthen internal risk management, improve risk control capabilities, and prevent criminals from taking advantage of them.

The Paper noticed that a catchy slogan on JD.com’s Baitiao homepage is: Young people don’t leave anything blank, spend money as you please, pay first and pay back later. Liu Hong believes that "consumption plus leverage, young people do not leave anything empty" is the survival logic of JD Baitiao.

On February 13, 2018, the day before New Year’s Eve, Luo Yang and He Jun, who were released on bail pending trial, walked out of the detention center. However, the label of a fraudster has been engraved on their life experiences: after returning the stolen money of 20,000 yuan, Luo Yang was detained for 4 months and sentenced to a suspended sentence of 6 months, and He Jun was fined and sentenced to 2,000 yuan.

For the parties involved in the case, the stains in their lives cannot be washed away.

(To protect the privacy of the parties involved, Hu Liang, Liu Xue, Luo Yang, He Jun, and Wang Li are all pseudonyms in this article.)

Recommended reading Related Q&A: Can JD Baitiao 200 be paid in installments

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The installment requirements when consuming: ①The order amount is ≥10 yuan; ②The Baitiao account is normal; after consumption: before the Baitiao bill is issued, the order installment needs to meet the following requirements: There is no refund record or repayment record for uninstalled orders, and no Apply for price guarantee and the amount is greater than 10 yuan;

After Baitiao is debited, the installment qualification and installment amount of Baitiao bill shall be subject to the comprehensive assessment of the system. The specific whether it can be installmentd and the amount that can be installmentd are displayed on the page as Yes, if you cannot apply for bill installment, please repay according to the bill first, and then try to apply for bill installment for the next bill.