In first aid for heart disease, there is a saying that there are “4 golden minutes”. If a patient is found to have a heart attack, the rescuer should immediately determine whether the patient is having a heart attack. If so, call the emergency number immediately and take some first aid measures.
1. First aid method for heart attack
1. Let the patient lie down on the spot and stop all activities
If there is oxygen supply, immediately Give the patient oxygen. Immediately afterwards, the patient's carotid artery should be palpated to determine whether there is a pulse. If there is no response and there is no arterial pulse, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed immediately.
2. Open the airway
Tilt the head back to keep the airway open. Keep the patient on his back, maintain breathing, and unbutton his collar. Patients who wear dentures must take off their dentures. No matter where the disease occurs, help the patient lie on his back where he is. Open the airway by raising your head and chin so that the line between the mandibular angle and the earlobe is perpendicular to the ground (90°).
If necessary, the patient can be given artificial respiration: the ambulanceman places one hand on the patient's forehead, pinches the patient's nose with his thumb and index finger, takes a breath, and wraps the lips of the seriously injured patient with his lips. Blow in the gas slowly and continuously. The blowing time is more than 1 second. The blowing volume is 700 to 1100 ml, and the blowing frequency is 12 times/minute (that is, blowing once every 5 seconds). The normal adult respiratory rate is 12 to 16 times/minute.
3. Chest compression
Put pressure on the chest in the heart area outside the body to encourage the heart to work and maintain blood circulation. The specific steps are as follows: Find the junction between the nipple and sternum and start external chest heart compressions. Use the palms of both hands to overlap in the same direction, interlock the fingers, raise the palms, leave the fingers away from the chest wall, straighten the arms, lean the upper body forward, use the hip joint as the fulcrum, press vertically downward, hard and rhythmically.
The compression and relaxation time should be equal, the compression depth should be 4 to 5 cm, and the chest wall should be fully reset when relaxing. The compression frequency should be 80 times/minute. A normal adult pulse ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.
4. Precordial boxing
When ventricular fibrillation occurs in the heart, it is of course ideal to use electric shock defibrillation, but when there are not enough conditions, you can perform precordial tapping with bare hands . Place one palm in the middle of the chest, make a fist with the other hand, and tap the hand on the patient's chest more forcefully. Tap the patient's precordial area 2 times. If there is no response, tap 2 to 3 more times.
For a heart that has just developed ventricular fibrillation, chest hammering has a better defibrillation effect, which can eliminate ventricular fibrillation and restore the heart to beating. It must be noted that it should be adopted as early as possible. Boxing defibrillation is most effective within one minute of the moment when the heartbeat cannot be heard with the ears.
2. Self-rescue methods for heart disease patients
1. Heart disease patients should carry self-rescue medicines with them
It is recommended that heart disease patients carry emergency medicines with them when they go out ( such as nitrates) and “identity cards” (such as discharge summary, pacemaker (or stent) information, contacts and methods). When a patient becomes unconscious in an emergency, this will be an important source of information for others to help. In addition, patients should understand their current situation and choose a travel method that suits them.
2. Pay attention to heart discomfort
There are often some "warning signs" before a heart attack, such as changes in chest pain. Acute myocardial infarction is the most serious result of the development of coronary heart disease. Generally, angina pectoris caused by coronary heart disease usually lasts no longer than 15 minutes. The patient can quickly relieve it by resting or taking quick-acting nitroglycerin tablets under the tongue, and attacks are infrequent.
If angina attacks become frequent recently, or the pain lasts longer (more than 15 minutes), and the pain cannot be relieved by rest or nitroglycerin, this may be a precursor to acute myocardial infarction. In addition, if a person who has never had angina pectoris in the past suddenly develops angina pectoris, accompanied by symptoms such as palpitation, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, pale complexion, restlessness, or fear of death, it is also a sign that acute myocardial infarction is imminent.
3. Pay attention to your own condition on a daily basis
On the basis of stable angina pectoris in the past, if the attacks are more frequent, more likely to be induced, the symptoms are more severe, the duration is longer, and nitroglycerin is not easy to When the situation is relieved, you should call 120 for emergency treatment or go directly to the hospital. Of course, patients who have never had angina pectoris should seek medical attention promptly if they develop toothache, arm pain, back pain, abdominal pain and other atypical symptoms to avoid the occurrence of myocardial infarction.
Extended information
1. Methods of judging cardiac arrest due to heart disease
1. Stop of consciousness
Determine the patient’s state of consciousness. You can tap the patient's shoulders hard and ask loudly, "Hey, what's wrong with you?" to see if there is a response.
2. Breathing has stopped
If the patient's consciousness stops, quickly determine whether the patient is breathing. Generally, turn your face sideways in front of the patient's nose to feel whether there is airflow, and at the same time, turn your head to look straight at the patient's chest. See if there are any ups and downs.
3. Cardiac arrest
The main method is to judge whether there is carotid artery pulsation. The common method is to put the index finger and middle finger of one hand together and straighten them, place them in the depression between two fingers next to the patient's Adam's apple, and use Feel whether there is pulsation on your fingertips and judge the time for 6 to 10 seconds. If "three stops" are confirmed, dial 120 for help.
2. To avoid the occurrence of cardiac arrest, the most important thing is prevention, and achieve "one warning, two control and three adjustment".
1. One ring to quit smoking;
2. The second control is to control weight and the three highs;
3. The third adjustment is to regulate diet and regulate psychology. , adjust the rhythm.
1) Adjust your diet, replace big fish and meat with vegetables and fruits, replace high-fat and high-salt foods with light and original flavors, and adjust overeating to "eight percent full" for each meal;
2) Adjust your psychology, avoid being overjoyed, angry, extremely sad and fearful, which can reduce sudden situations;
3) Adjust your rhythm, promote a combination of work and rest, avoid overwork, and maintain a good work and life rhythm It is an important guarantee for maintaining physical and mental health.
People's Daily Online - How to provide first aid for a heart attack? How patients with heart disease can save themselves
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People's Daily Online - How to provide first aid for a heart attack? How patients with heart disease can help themselves