1. What is the main business scope of the bank?
The complexity of business and dependence on outlets can be divided into two parts: one part is traditional business, including general loans, simple foreign exchange transactions, trade financing and so on. This is mainly supported by a large number of branch networks and business volume. In addition, there are complex businesses, such as derivative products, structured financing, leasing, introducing strategic investors, mergers and acquisitions, etc. These are high-tech and high-profit business areas, which do not depend much on the branch network.
According to the composition of its balance sheet, banking business is mainly divided into three categories: liability business, asset business and intermediary business.
Debt business is the business of commercial banks to form a source of funds, and it is an important basis for intermediary business and assets of commercial banks. The liability business of commercial banks is mainly composed of deposit business, loan business and interbank business. Liabilities are debts that can be measured in money, and will be paid by assets or capital due to bank credit. Deposits and derivative deposits are the main liabilities of banks, accounting for more than 80% of the sources of funds. In addition, interbank deposits, loans or bonds also constitute bank liabilities.
Asset business is the business that commercial banks use funds, including loan business, securities investment business and cash asset business.
Intermediary business refers to the business that does not constitute on-balance-sheet assets and liabilities of commercial banks and generates non-interest income, including trading business, clearing business, payment and settlement business, bank card business, agency business, custody business, guarantee business, commitment business, wealth management business and electronic banking business.
Secondly, the role of banks.
Bank is a currency enterprise, and its existence is conducive to raising and financing social funds. It is a very important member of financial institutions. We can see the business of the bank. On the one hand, it collects idle monetary funds and small monetary savings in society by absorbing deposits, and then lends them to people who need to replenish money in the form of loans. Here, banks act as intermediaries between lenders and borrowers. On the other hand, banks handle the payment and settlement of money for commodity producers and businessmen, and also act as payment intermediaries. In short, banks play the role of credit intermediaries.
The basic functions of commercial banks include: credit intermediary, payment intermediary, credit creation and financial services.