The area is 99,538 square kilometers (2002).
With a population of 47,644,500 (July 2002), it is a single ethnic group and Korean is widely used. More than 50% of the population believe in Buddhism, Christianity and other religions.
Seoul, the capital, has a population of 9.94 million (July 2002), accounting for 28.8% of the total population; It covers an area of 605.52 square kilometers.
President Roh Moo-hyun is the head of state. He was elected on February 25, 2003 and officially took office on February 25, 2003.
This section is located in the southern half of the Korean peninsula in the northeast of the Asian continent. It faces the Sea of Japan in the east and Shandong Province in China across the sea in the west. The total length of the peninsula coastline is about 1.7 million kilometers (including the island coastline). The terrain is mostly hills and plains, and the terrain is lower than the northern half of the peninsula. It belongs to temperate monsoon climate. The average annual precipitation in the southern region is about 1.500mm, and that in the central region is about1.300mm..
/kloc-After the 20th century, Silla, Koguryo and Baekje were three countries with different political forms and relations. In the middle of the 7th century, Silla established a unified regime on the peninsula. /kloc-At the beginning of the 0 th century, North Korea replaced Silla. /kloc-At the end of 0/4, the Lee Dynasty replaced Korea and named it Korea. 19 10 became a Japanese colony in August. 1945 August 15 liberated. At the same time, Soviet and American troops were stationed in the northern half and the southern half, respectively, with the 38th parallel of north latitude as the boundary. The Republic of Korea was proclaimed. Successive presidents include Li Chengwan, Yin Oushan, park chung-hee, Cui Guixia, Quan Douhuan, Lu Taiyu, Jin Yongsan, Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun.
Politically, South Korea implements a system of separation of powers. The executive branch implements the presidential system. 1In February, 1998, Kim Dae-jung became the fifth president of South Korea. This was the first time in Korean history that the government of the ruling and opposition parties changed peacefully. After the new government took office, it put forward the policy of "parallel development of democracy and market economy" and carried out reforms in political, economic, social and other fields, and achieved certain results, so that the long-standing political and economic collusion, "official finance" and blind expansion of large enterprise groups were managed to a certain extent, but the political reform was very resistant and the long-standing emotional opposition between regions could not be eliminated. The New Millennium Democratic Party (hereinafter referred to as the Democratic Party, formerly known as the New Political National Assembly) and the Liberal Democratic Alliance (hereinafter referred to as NLD) cooperated well at the beginning, changed the situation of "facing Xiao Ye" by absorbing opposition party members, and won the local election in June with 1998. However, due to the fundamental differences between the two parties on cabinet system and other issues, there have always been differences in joint governance. Finally, in September 20001year, the framework of joint governance broke down because of the dismissal of unification minister Lin Dongyuan. At present, the opposition Grand National Party is the largest party in Congress, which reproduces the situation of "facing Xiao Ye". 200 1 1 8. Kim Dae-jung resigned as chairman of the Democratic Party because the ruling party lost in the by-election of members of parliament. He said that he would no longer participate in party affairs and concentrate on fulfilling his duties as president.
2002 was the last year of Kim Dae-jung's administration, and it was also an election year for South Korea. The political situation in South Korea is shrouded in the election atmosphere all year round, and the partisan struggle is extremely fierce. Kim Dae-jung's government suffered setbacks and gradually lost the trust of voters. In May this year, Kim Jong Il withdrew from the Democratic Party because his son was suspected of corruption. After the breakdown of the ruling alliance between the Democratic Party and NLD in the new millennium, it suffered a fiasco in the local autonomous governor election in June and the parliamentary by-election in August, and lost the majority of seats in the parliament, showing a situation of "beating the face".
In 2002, Kim Dae-jung reshuffled his cabinet three times, but he still couldn't recover his decline. In July and August this year, Kim Jong-un nominated Zhang Shang, president of Ewha Women's University, and Zhang Dahuan, president of Daily Economic News Agency, as prime ministers respectively, but both were rejected by the National Assembly. In September, Kim nominated former Justice Shi Sujin as Prime Minister, which was passed by the National Assembly on1October 5 with 65,438 votes.
In 2002, Korean political parties and groups put forward presidential candidates to compete for the presidency. Six people finally participated in the presidential election, including Roh Moo-hyun, Grand National Party Li Haichang, Democratic Labor Party Quan Yongji, Socialist Party Kim Rong Gui, former Prime Minister Lee and former Angolan Minister Zhang Shidong. Zheng Mengzhun, a non-partisan parliamentarian and chairman of the organizing committee of the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan, organized and unified 2 1 Party to participate in the election. After losing to Roh Moo-hyun in a single poll, he turned to support Roh Moo-hyun's election, but announced the day before the election that he would withdraw his support for Roh Moo-hyun. On February 9th, 65438, Roh Moo-hyun, the ruling candidate of the Democratic Party in the new millennium, defeated Lee Hoi chang, the candidate of the Grand National Party, with a slight advantage of 500,000 votes in the Korean general election and was elected as the16th South Korean President.
/kloc-the new constitution was adopted by referendum in October, and it came into effect on February 25th. According to the new constitution, the president enjoys the power of head of state, head of government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces for a term of five years.
Parliament is called Congress, the legislature. 16 the national assembly was elected in April 2000 13 for a term of four years. A 273-seat unicameral system is implemented. By the end of 2002, the ruling Millennium Democratic Party had 65,438+003 seats, the opposition Grand National Party had 65,438+0 seats, the Liberal Democratic Alliance had 65,438+02 seats, other political parties and independents had 6 seats, and 65,438+0 seats were still vacant. The term of office of the Speaker of the National Assembly is two years. Kwan-Jong Park is the16th speaker and was elected in July 2002.
During President Kim Dae-jung's term, Kim Jong-mi, Park Tae-jun and Lee Han-dong successively became prime ministers. On July 1 1 -3 1 day, 2002, Zhang Shang and August 9 -29, Zhang Dahuan was appointed as Acting Prime Minister, but it was not approved by the National Assembly. 10-10 On September 4th, former South Korean Justice Shi Xiu Kim became the acting prime minister and was approved as the prime minister on June 5th, 65438. After President Roh Moo-hyun took office, Han Xin's first cabinet members were: Premier Gao Jian, Vice Premier and Minister of Finance and Economy Jin Zhenyu, Vice Premier and Minister of Education Yin Dehong, Minister of Unification Ding Xuanshi, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade Yin Yongkuan, Minister of Justice Kang Jinshi, Minister of National Defense Cao Yongji, Minister of Administration and Self-government Jin Douguan, Minister of Science and Technology Park Hujun, Minister of Culture and Tourism Li Cangdong, Minister of Agriculture and Forestry Kim Young-Jin and Minister of Industry and Resources Yin Zhenzhen. Han Mingshu, Minister of Environment; Jinhua, Minister of Health and Welfare; All are ministers of labor; Qi Yin Ji, Minister of Women; Cui Zhongcan, Minister of Construction and Communications; Xu Chengkuan, Minister of Ocean and Fisheries; Park Qin-feng, Director of Planning and Budget Department; Li yongduo, director of the state adjustment office.
Website Presidential Palace: http://www.cwd.go.kr.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs: http://www.mofat.go.kr.
There are 1 special city (Seoul Special City), 9 provinces (Gyeonggi Province, gangwon, Chungcheongbuk-do, Chungcheongnam-do, Jeollanam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeju-do) and 6 wide-area cities (Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju and Ulsan, Otawa).
Judicial organs include the Grand Court, the High Court, local courts (including branch courts) and family courts. The Grand Court is the highest judicial organ, and President Cui took office in September. Procuratorial organs include the Office of the Grand Prosecutor, the Office of the Senior Prosecutor, the Office of the Local Prosecutor and branches, which are under the leadership of the Ministry of Justice. The Grand Procurator's Office is the highest procuratorial organ, and the procurator-general Jin took office in June 2002.
political party
(1) New Millennium Democratic Party: Democratic Party for short, ruling party. Formerly known as the New Political National Conference established by Kim Dae-jung on September 5th, 1995. Kim Dae-jung resigned as president. Representative Zheng, member of the Supreme Council.
(2) The Grand National Party:1997165438+1October 2 1 was formed by the merger of the New Korea Party and the Democratic Party of Korea, with Lee Hoi chang as its chairman. In March 2002, Li Haichang resigned as the chairman of the party in order to run for the presidency. In February 65438, Lee Hoi chang announced his withdrawal from the Grand National Party after losing the presidential election. Park hee-tae, currently a representative of the Supreme Council.
(3) Liberal Democratic Alliance: referred to as the Self-Democratic League. 1995 was established on March 30th. Principal Jin Zhongmi, acting principal Li.
(4) Democratic Nationalist Party: the Party of the Republic of China for short. Founded on March 8, 2000. On behalf of Jin Runhuan, member of the Supreme Council.
Important person Roh Moo-hyun: the first 16 president. 1946 was born in August in Jinhai, near Busan, South Korea. 1966 graduated from Busan Commercial College. 1975 passed the judicial examination and entered the judicial field. 1977 served as a judge of Datian district court. He was a lawyer from 65438 to 0978. 1985 initiated the establishment of Busan democratic citizens' agreement and served as a permanent member. 1987 served as the permanent executive chairman of the Busan headquarters of the National Democratic Constitutional Movement. 1988 was elected as 13 member of parliament (Democratic Party). Since 1990, he has served as director, spokesman, chairman, supreme member and vice chairman of the planning and adjustment department of the Democratic Party. 1997, member and vice chairman of the new political national assembly. 1998 was elected as the member of the15th Congress. In 2000, he served as Minister of Marine Fisheries for 200 1 year, and he served as the permanent adviser and the highest member of the Democratic Party in the new millennium. In April 2002, he became the party's presidential candidate, and was elected as the16th president of South Korea on February 25th, 2003. Lu Taiyu followed Kim Dae-jung for a long time, and his campaign promises and policies basically followed Kim Dae-jung. He is the author of "Madam, Help Me" and "Lincoln Encountered by Roh Moo-hyun".
Kwan-Jong Park: Speaker of the 6th/kloc-0 National Assembly. /kloc-0 was born in Busan in June, 1938, and graduated from the Department of Political Science of East Asia University in June,19/kloc-0 graduated from Seoul National University in June, 19 1 obtained a master's degree in administration from Hanyang University, and195 obtained an honorary doctorate in political science from Busan University. Since 198 1, he has been elected to parliament for six consecutive times. He has served as a delegate to the talks between the North and South Congresses (1985), chairman of the special committee on unified policy of the Congress (1988), secretary of the office of the President (1993), special assistant to the President for political affairs (1994) and chairman of the unified diplomatic security committee of the Congress (/kloc-0). In July 2002, he was elected as the Speaker of the16th National Assembly. Park geun-hye believes in Catholicism and likes Go. Mrs Zheng Junko has a son and a daughter.
Gao Jian: Prime Minister. Born in June 1938. 1960 graduated from the Department of Political Science of Seoul National University. 1968 obtained a master's degree in urban planning from the Department of Environment, Seoul National University. From 1983 to 84, he served as a visiting researcher and professor at Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1962 joined the Ministry of Internal Affairs. From 65438 to 0973, he served as deputy governor of gangwon and governor of Jeollanam-do in 75. 1979 served as the chief secretary of the president's government affairs. From 1980 to 8 1, he served as Minister of Communications, and from 198 1 to 82, he served as Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. 1985, he was elected as 12 member of parliament. 1987 as minister of the interior. 1988-90 was the mayor of Seoul. 1994-97 President of Wise University. 1997-98 as prime minister. 1998 was elected mayor of Seoul, and in February 2003, he became prime minister. Gao is good at administrative management and incorruptible in politics. He is a famous senior administrative official in Korea.
Economy 1997 10, a serious financial crisis broke out in South Korea. With the help of emergency funds from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the United States, Japan and other countries, South Korea has passed the critical juncture, implemented reforms in the fields of finance, enterprises, public sector and labor market, and made major adjustments to its economic structure. In late August of 20001year, Korea paid off all IMF loans three years ahead of schedule, ending the supervision system of the IMF. Since the beginning of 2002, the China government has adopted a loose monetary policy, encouraged credit consumption, expanded domestic demand, and at the same time increased efforts to attract foreign investment. South Korea's economy has shown a momentum of improvement, exports have rebounded rapidly, and exports of high-tech and high value-added products such as IT products have surged. At the same time, South Korea actively promoted regional economic cooperation, initialed a free trade agreement with Chile, launched an official-led free trade zone research mechanism with Japan, responded to the feasibility study of China, Japan and South Korea, and planned to establish a free trade zone with ASEAN.
Economic indicators in 2002:
Gross national product: US$ 476.6 billion.
Per capita national income: 100 13 USD.
Economic growth rate: 6. 1%
Currency name: won
Exchange rate: floating exchange rate system: 65,438+0 USD = 65,438+0,275.90 won (2002: 65,438+0,654,38+0.4).
Inflation rate: 2.7%
Unemployment rate: 3%
There are few mineral resources, and more than 280 kinds of minerals have been discovered, of which more than 50 kinds are of economic value. The minerals with development and utilization value include iron, anthracite, lead, zinc and tungsten, but the reserves are not large. Due to the lack of natural resources, the main industrial raw materials depend on imports.
The main industrial production departments are steel, automobile, shipbuilding, electronics, chemistry, textile and so on. In 2002, the steel output was 45.44 million tons, ranking fifth in the world, and South Korea's Pohang Iron and Steel Company was the second largest steel complex in the world. In 2002, the output of automobiles was 3.2 million, ranking sixth in the world. The tonnage of standard cargo ships for shipbuilding orders is 7.59 million tons, an increase of 18.5% over the previous year, ranking first in the world again. The electronic industry is dominated by high-tech intensive products, and it is one of the top ten electronic industry countries in the world. The development of semiconductor integrated circuits is particularly rapid, with an annual output of 65.438+0.2 billion mobile phones. In recent years, South Korea has attached great importance to the IT industry and continuously increased its investment. In 2002, South Korea's IT industry exports reached US$ 4,665.438 billion, ranking among the top in the world.
Agricultural arable land covers an area of 6.5438+0.863 million hectares, mainly distributed in the western and southern plains and hilly areas. The agricultural population is about 6.5438+0.69 million. In 200 1 year, the rice output was 4.92 million tons.
Tourism Korea has beautiful scenery, many cultural and historical heritages and developed tourism. Main tourist service facilities: There are 42 hotels in China that meet international standards, and some of them have joined the international hotel reservation series. There are 1 1 hotels in Seoul, including Intercontinental Hotel, Lotte Hotel, Lotte World Hotel, Silla Hotel, Hyatt Regency, Renaissance China Hotel, Hilton International Hotel, Sheraton-wakefield Hotel, Plaza Hotel, Swiss World Hotel, Korea Hotel, etc. It is listed as an ultra-luxury hotel.
Main tourist attractions: Gyeongbokgung Palace, Tokugawa Palace, Chang Gung Palace, Ching Tak Palace, National Museum, National Conservatory of Music, Nanshan Tower, National Museum of Modern Art, Jianghua Island, Folk Village, Panmunjom, Gyeongju, Jeju Island, Xueyue Mountain, etc.
In 2002, there were 4.392 million foreign tourists visiting South Korea, including 2.307 million Japanese tourists, 303,000 China tourists and 526,000 American tourists. Foreign exchange income from tourism is 6.28 billion US dollars.