Author: Cai (Higher Education of Xuzhou Normal University)

Last update time: 20 10-6- 13.

In recent years, China's higher education has been continuously reformed, which has accelerated the transformation from "elite" to "popular". The number of college students has increased rapidly, and the employment problem of college students has become increasingly prominent. The global financial crisis in 2008 had a great impact on the economies of all countries in the world, and China's economy also suffered greatly. The employment market is even worse, which has brought great pressure to the employment of graduates in 2009, and the employment situation of college students is even more pessimistic. Through this practical investigation, we can further understand and analyze the employment situation of college students under the financial crisis, as well as the quality, ability and employment guidance that college students need to improve in employment, and seek ways to alleviate the employment pressure of college students.

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Affected by the international financial crisis and domestic structural problems, the employment situation in China will be extremely severe in 2009. In 2009, the downward trend of enterprise employment demand is difficult to fundamentally change; Returning migrant workers and new rural laborers who need to be transferred will face the problem of difficult employment transfer, which will aggravate the rural unemployment problem; It will be more difficult for young people in cities with low academic qualifications and growing college graduates to find jobs. With the rapid growth of the number of graduates in China, the number of jobs available to the society is growing slowly, resulting in a very serious employment contradiction. At the same time, the contradiction between the marketization of graduate employment and the lagging employment concept is very prominent. The employment situation of graduates in economically underdeveloped areas and grass-roots units has not yet formed, and the structural contradiction between talent supply and demand still exists, which all affect the employment of college graduates.

Now will be the peak of graduates' employment. In order to better understand the employment mentality of college students and their understanding of the current employment situation, we organized this survey to further analyze the employment prospects of college students, so as to provide information and countermeasures for future employment guidance for schools, and to make college students prepare for employment with the goal of improving their employment competitiveness during their whole university study, and to cultivate their spirit and quality of pursuing the best choice and employment.

This survey adopts the method of questionnaire survey to conduct sampling survey. It is estimated that 500 questionnaires will be completed and 488 questionnaires will be recovered, of which 482 are qualified, with a qualified rate of 96.4%. Male and female accounted for 38% and 62% respectively. There are 65,438+023 liberal arts students, 65,438+083 science students, 65,438 engineering students, and 60 other music, sports and beauty students. The data collected in this survey were analyzed by SPSS software.

I. Analysis of the Employment Situation

1. Under the financial crisis, college students think the employment situation is more severe, but more than half think the employment prospects are more optimistic.

For the current employment situation, 82.37% of college students think the situation is grim; On the other hand, more than half of college students are optimistic or relatively optimistic about their own development prospects, accounting for 57.47%; When asked about the most disturbing factors in job hunting, 7.93% people think that school employment guidance is not enough; 16.76% thought the information was insufficient; 2 1.9 1% think that they lack knowledge of enterprise expertise; 10.30% think that the ability is insufficient; 8.99% believe that the advantages are difficult to play; 16.52% think that job-hunting methods and skills are lacking; 16.27% think they lack understanding of society.

2. In improving their own quality, college students have shifted from traditional professional knowledge and skills to relevant work experience or internship.

For the quality that college students lack, 9.75% choose basic problem-solving ability; 13.07% chose communication and coordination ability; 13.28% selects the ability to resist pressure and overcome difficulties; 30.08% chose relevant work experience or internship experience; 22.2% chose professional knowledge and skills. Facing the graduates of famous universities, many graduates of ordinary universities will have some sense of inferiority. So what will happen if everyone competes for jobs on the same stage? Most college students think they are under pressure, accounting for 72.2%.

3. The surveyed college students think that the employment rate of graduates around them is generally lower than 70%, and the expectation of big salary is generally reduced.

46.47% people think that the average employment rate of graduates around the respondents and the upcoming graduation is below 50%; 24.9% believe that the employment rate is 50%-70%; 6.22% people think that the employment rate is 70%-90%. College students think that the average employment rate of graduates is low and the situation is not very optimistic. Most people think that the employment rate is below 70%. In fact, according to the survey, the employment rate of college graduates nationwide in 2009 was 68%, which was basically the same as last year. For the initial monthly salary of college students after graduation, 67.43% choose 800- 1500 yuan; 23.03% chose 150 1-2000 yuan; 9. 13% chose more than 2,000 yuan. The salary for job hunting (salary after probation) is mainly between 100 1-2500, and 5.39% think that the salary for job hunting is between 100 1- 1500. 23.65% think it is between 150 1-2000; 24.90% think it is between 200 1-2500; 28.42% think it is between 250 1-4000; The proportion that the demand is above 400 1 is 17.64%.

Second, the employment trend analysis

1. The future jobs of college students are mostly concentrated in state-owned enterprises and government departments, and the employment areas are mainly concentrated in economically developed cities or southeast coastal cities, with a stable overall trend.

After graduation, the industry types of college students are mainly concentrated in state-owned enterprises and government departments, accounting for 5 1.74%, while private enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises account for 7.39% and 14.35% respectively. 6.96% will start their own businesses. Developing their own careers in economically developed cities or southeast coastal cities is still the choice of most college students, accounting for 47.30%; 23.03% chose large and medium-sized cities in central China to develop their own businesses. The reasons why college students choose the above fields mainly focus on the greater development opportunities or good social resources in this field, accounting for 56.64%; 16.62% chose this area because of the good living conditions; And 7.29% are interested in the entrepreneurial environment; Returning home is10.87%; 2.30% and 6.27% are due to family arrangements or other reasons.

2. Most college students want to start their own businesses, but money and experience have become the bottleneck for college students to start their own businesses.

On the issue of self-employment, 70. 12% people said they had thought about self-employment. College graduates should not only be competitors in existing jobs, but also pioneers in new jobs, bringing employment opportunities to society. However, funds and experience are still the main bottlenecks restricting college students' independent innovation, accounting for 65.56%; Those who think that self-employment needs policy support and technology most account for 10. 17% and 14. 17% respectively.

3. More than half of college students are willing to participate in the volunteer service plan in northern Jiangsu and apply for village officials.

55.6% of the respondents are willing to join the volunteer service plan in northern Jiangsu. In the choice of village officials, 5% college students signed up for the village official exam; 57% are interested in the development of village officials, but their own conditions are not enough. This shows that the employment concept of contemporary college students is also undergoing new changes.

4. Most college students' concept of choosing a job is to find a job before choosing a job, and more than half of them think that professional counterparts are more important for choosing a job in the future.

According to the survey data on the concept of job choice, 2 1.25% of the respondents hope to have a stable income after graduation; 55.83% hope to find employment before choosing a job; 16.67% do not intend to get employment directly, but continue their studies; 6.25% intend to start their own businesses. A person's career development should be gradual. According to their own level of development, we should seize various opportunities and grow through one post after another. Therefore, when the time to get the ideal job is not yet ripe, we can adopt the method of "getting employment first, then choosing a job, and then starting a business". In other words, don't expect too much when choosing a job. You can choose a career first, constantly improve your social viability and increase your work experience, and then gradually realize your self-worth through your own efforts and appropriate career mobility. More than half of college students first consider economic income when choosing a job, reaching 55%; 35% and 32% consider their own interests and working environment respectively; 43% consider whether it is conducive to career development. 58. 13% think that professional matching is more important for future selection; 8.75% think it is very important. In terms of their professional prospects, most of them think that their professional prospects are bright, accounting for 65.15%; 7.68% feel that their major is very promising.

Third, employment guidance.

1. Social practice is the teaching link that has the greatest influence on college students' work during school.

7 1.78% of college students think that social practice has the greatest influence on their work, 55.87% think that professional knowledge is very important, 23.65% choose professional qualification certification, 9.54% choose basic theory, 6.43% choose graduation project, and 6.85% think that other aspects of teaching are important.

2. The most important quality and ability training for future employment is social skills, and the most needed employment guidance is employment interview guidance.

On the question of which qualities and abilities are most important for future employment, 75.52% people choose social communication ability, followed by psychological quality and the ability to find and solve problems, accounting for 765,438+0.16% and 70.75% respectively, while 49.38% people think that organizational management ability is very important and 46.47% people choose innovation. This shows that college students need to improve their comprehensive quality and gradually develop into compound talents. 75.3% of college students think that the most needed guidance is employment interview guidance; 54.4% need employment information most; 4 1.7% need recommendation work most; 40.7% need the national employment policy most; 18.9% need entrepreneurship education most; 17.2% need to go through labor dispatch procedures; 17% needed employment guidance materials most.

Most college students think career planning is very important.

67.0 1% of college students think that career planning is very important, and 65.438+08% are not sure whether it is important. Nearly one in ten people think that career planning is not important, and 5% people have never considered it.

4.54.3% of college students are basically satisfied with the school employment guidance.

54.3% are basically satisfied with the school employment guidance; A considerable number of people think that they are dissatisfied, accounting for 27.3%. This shows that there are still many shortcomings in the school's employment guidance, and the quality of the school's employment guidance needs to be further improved.

The main channel for college students to obtain employment information is job fairs.

The main channel for 23.2% college students to obtain employment information is the employment information column of schools or departments; 26. 1% thought it was a job fair; 5.6% think it is a school employment network; 2.3% and 8. 1% obtained employment information from the head teacher, teachers or relatives and friends respectively; A few are obtained through television, newspapers and other media or other channels.

6. College students hope that business people and successful alumni will come to the school to make employment reports, the main contents of which are the types of talents needed by enterprises and what preparations need to be made for employment during school.

1 1.4% expressed the hope that the main content of the employment report of business people would be career planning; 55.6% hope is what kind of talents the enterprise needs; 8.7% hope to involve the development prospects and planning of enterprises; 6.4% hope to involve the basic laws of market economy; 12% wanted to explain the professional quality of employees. 62% of college students want their report to focus on how to prepare for employment during school, 9% want it to be about how to deal with interpersonal relationships at work, and 22% think the main content of employment report is "success factors".

Four. Countermeasures and suggestions

With the intensification of the international financial crisis, the downward pressure on the domestic economy has increased, and the employment situation that is not optimistic in recent years has become more severe. In order to reduce the adverse effects of the financial crisis, find ways and methods to solve problems and expand the employment of college students, it is necessary for the government, society, universities and college students to work together.

1. government: create a good environment for employment and entrepreneurship

First of all, the government should speed up economic development and create a good macro-environment for college graduates' employment. Secondly, the government should continue to attach importance to and promote social employment, further rationalize the employment system for graduates, always adhere to market orientation, and improve the mobility of the labor market. Weaken the restriction of hukou on the independent choice of supply and demand sides in the labor market, dilute the welfare guarantee function of the unit, and give corresponding supporting social security in hukou, file management and labor insurance. At the same time, preferential policies are provided to encourage college graduates to work in rural areas and western regions, and graduates are encouraged to work at the grassroots level through various means such as subsidies for urban communities and rural grassroots posts, compensation for student loans, extra points for graduate students and civil servants, expansion of "three supports and one support", "volunteer service plan in northern Jiangsu" and "university student village official" plans. Third, encourage self-employment. College graduates should not only be competitors of existing jobs in society, but also pioneers of new jobs, bringing employment opportunities to society. According to the survey data, 182 people think that starting a business needs capital most, accounting for 37.76% of the sample. Lack of funds is still the main bottleneck restricting college students' entrepreneurship, and the government should introduce preferential policies to encourage all kinds of capital to invest in graduate high-tech entities. Establish a college student entrepreneurship base to provide professional guidance, legal advice, market analysis and other services for entrepreneurial college students; Give special preferential treatment to self-employed college students in examination and approval procedures, financial loans, industrial and commercial registration, taxation, etc. Fourth, expand the number of graduates joining the army and expand the enrollment scale of graduate students. Letting some outstanding graduates join the PLA can not only improve the quality of the army, but also solve the employment of some college students.

For the employment of graduates with family difficulties, some assistance policies can be stipulated. The first is the unemployment job registration system. Unemployed graduates are allowed to apply for job registration and enjoy preferential employment support policies for unemployed people. The second is the temporary assistance system. For those who are unable to find employment in a short period of time or still have difficulties in life after employment, the civil affairs department of the place where the household registration moves in should provide the qualified college graduates with minimum living guarantee or temporary assistance in a timely manner in accordance with relevant regulations. The third is the priority employment system. Give priority to recommending and resettling graduates from urban poor workers' families and low-income families; For graduates from zero-employment families, jobs are guaranteed by the government and other means. The fourth is the free service system. Provide free training, free recommendation and free service fees for unemployed college graduates. Fifth, the employment probation system. Through the establishment of college graduates' employment practice base, unemployed graduates will be provided with free internship training for 3 to 6 months, and internship units and local financial departments will provide them with basic living allowances.

2. Society: the concept keeps pace with the times and the service is really thoughtful.

It is an urgent task for our society to change college students' employment concept. We must completely get rid of the shackles of feudal ideas such as five grades for the people and nine grades for the officials, truly understand the concept that workers have no distinction between high and low, and form a social consciousness of talented people. At the same time, it will also provide more services for graduates' employment.

Graduates should adjust their employment expectations according to the supply and demand of the talent market. Universities not only train social elites, but also train ordinary social workers. It is normal that "Peking University gifted scholars sell meat". After all, there are few economically developed areas and hot industries, and their ability to attract graduates is limited, while a considerable number of places and industries that are not optimistic about college students have great demand for them. At the same time, it is suggested to establish a national employment information network, strengthen the research and reporting of social demand prediction, and truly provide meticulous and thoughtful employment services for graduates.

3. Universities: Education reform is urgent.

(1) The employment situation of graduates has become an important symbol to measure the effectiveness of a university. Who will fill the gap between school education and market demand and professional ability? Under the current circumstances, colleges and universities must bear this great responsibility. Colleges and universities should strive to improve the level of running schools, change their concepts, grasp the trend of internationalization of education, strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the field of higher education in the world, and comprehensively improve the level of running schools. Teaching reform in colleges and universities needs to be closely integrated with social development and national construction. With the deepening of educational reform, colleges and universities must be market-oriented, closely linked with the actual situation of economic and social development, speed up the adjustment of professional structure of colleges and universities, and rationally allocate educational resources in order to cultivate marketable talents. Specialty setting and curriculum structure should adapt to market demand; Establish systems such as "feedback of employment rate of college graduates" and "early warning of enrollment ratio of college students", and formulate the scale of enrollment expansion according to different professional sciences; It is necessary to increase the number of students who are in urgent need of majors in society, control the development scale of long-term majors, and reduce or even stop enrolling students for majors with low teaching quality and unreasonable professional settings.

(2) Develop vocational training institutions and boldly try the marriage between schools and enterprises. Students who have just left school are not only weak in practical ability, but also have problems in expression and communication skills. Schools should set up vocational training institutions or increase vocational quality education courses, including business etiquette, mental health, communication with people and integration into teams. Only by combining professional quality training with practice can we really narrow the gap between school education and market demand.

(3) Colleges and universities should strengthen employment guidance for graduates. Among the college students surveyed, 67.438+0% think that career planning is very important. Employment guidance has become a part of college students' ideological and political education. As a student's life guidance, it meets students' needs for life development and career design, and runs through university education, which not only makes up for the shortage of previous employment guidance, but also enriches the ideological and political education system for college students. Strengthen the theoretical research and practical operation of employment guidance. In 2007, the Ministry of Education issued a document calling for the gradual transition of college students' career planning from an elective course to a compulsory course for the whole school, placing it in the same position as the traditional compulsory course for the whole school. Carrying out college students' career planning is an effective means to innovate ideological and political work in colleges and universities in the new period: systematic and scientific career planning can find career goals suitable for students' personal development, and decompose the goals through detailed processes to improve students' self-confidence; In addition, a good sense of goal urges students to make full use of time resources to carry out useful activities, thus reducing the chances of contacting bad information, which is particularly important in today's information society. Colleges and universities should build an employment guidance system that adapts to social development, establish complete employment guidance objectives and guidance contents, form effective employment guidance methods and means, and gradually run employment guidance through the whole university, promote students' life education while promoting employment guidance, and improve students' recognition and enthusiasm for quality education.

(4) Self-employment is the requirement of the times, and it is also a direction of the reform of the employment system for college graduates in China, and it also puts forward higher requirements for the employment guidance for college students. It is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish. According to UNESCO, the "third passport" for learning is entrepreneurial ability. It has become a trend of higher education in China to attach importance to college students' entrepreneurship education and regularize and institutionalize it in university courses.

Entrepreneurship education is a systematic project. Through various available educational methods, we can cultivate entrepreneurs' comprehensive qualities such as entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial thinking and entrepreneurial skills, and finally make the educated have certain entrepreneurial ability. Entrepreneurship education should pay attention to the change of students' employment concept, make students change from passive employment concept to active entrepreneurship concept, encourage students to take entrepreneurship as their career choice, and combine their professional skills and interests to create their own expected value. Self-employment is an important form for individuals to exert their subjective initiative to solve employment problems. In 2003, Jiangsu University established the College of Student Entrepreneurship. Wuhan University has also announced that it will allow students to drop out of school to start businesses, set up a college student entrepreneurship fund, organize experts and professors to compile textbooks for entrepreneurship courses, add "entrepreneurship courses" for all undergraduates, and teach capable students to be "bosses". The research on graduates' self-employment policy, the possibility and quality requirements of self-employment, the implementation way and development trend of self-employment and the guidance for graduates' self-employment are also topics that colleges and universities should strengthen their research.

4. College students: self-reliance, efforts to improve the overall quality, and establish a scientific concept of employment.

First of all, strive to improve their overall quality. Contemporary college students must have the character of integrating their career with national progress, social development and human civilization, advocating truth, goodness and beauty, adhering to the truth, having a strong sense of professionalism and responsibility, having good professional ethics, and establishing a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values. College students should strive for extensive knowledge, reasonable knowledge structure, scientific and cultural literacy, innovative spirit and random and flexible way of thinking, so that it varies from person to person, from time to time and from thing to thing. Have a good psychological quality, face more intense social competition, can take change as an opportunity, take difficulties as a smooth road, have tenacious self-control, firm belief, and be full of expectations and enthusiasm for life. At the same time, we should have good physical fitness. Poor health will weaken the decision-making ability of talents, because if physical strength and endurance are needed to achieve the goal, a person may give up because of physical exhaustion. In addition to quality, we also need to pay attention to the cultivation of ability, which is the external expression of a person's quality and a part that plays a direct role in society. Nowadays, college students in society must cultivate themselves as much as possible, such as the ability to deal with information, interpersonal skills, systematic handling of things, good human and resource skills, and the ability to use technology. Second, strengthen social practice. College students can actively participate in social practice during holidays, combine theoretical knowledge with practical work, improve their ability to deal with practical problems and accumulate work experience. Third, the correct employment orientation. At present, college students should face the reality, update their ideas and change their thinking according to the actual market situation, and work in the position that suits them best, instead of paying too much attention to salary level and geographical location. Only in this way can they give full play to their intelligence and finally realize the value of life. Fourth, seize employment opportunities through various channels. At present, college students can find suitable jobs through talent exchange and network resources, actively and boldly exert their true talents and practical knowledge, and cherish and seize hard-won employment opportunities. Fifth, get employment before choosing a job. Facing the severe employment situation, college students should change their employment concept if they have to, that is, find a job first and then choose a job. They can't pursue it step by step as they used to. If they haggle over whether their current professional posts are ideal or not, they will lose many opportunities to start. They can accumulate work experience in the previous employment process, greatly improve their self-worth and lay the foundation for finding an ideal job in the future.

5. employing people: scientifically employing people and being good at being bole.

First of all, employers should establish a scientific view of talents, change empiricism and academic qualifications, abandon discrimination in employing people, encourage everyone to make contributions and compete for talents. Secondly, the selection criteria should be reasonable. The employing unit shall formulate relevant job descriptions according to its own scale, nature, development status and actual position, refine job responsibilities, formulate reasonable selection criteria according to job requirements, and determine the quality and quantity of recruiters. Third, determine the scientific recruitment procedures. It is necessary to determine the procedures for recruitment assessment, formulate the assessment contents, and select the best candidates after assessment according to the procedures.

summary

This survey is limited to colleges and universities in Xuzhou, and the time is short. Although the collected data can't fully reflect the employment situation of college students in China today, it basically reflects the severe employment situation of college students under the financial crisis. The financial crisis has made the employment situation in China more severe, and the employment difficulties of college students have aroused widespread concern from all walks of life. In this case, the employment situation of college students is investigated and analyzed, and the methods to solve the employment difficulties of college students are discussed. Alleviating and solving the employment difficulties of college students depends not only on economic development, but also on system reform and concept renewal. Solving the employment problem of graduates is a systematic project, which involves the government, society, schools, students themselves and enterprises, and requires the joint efforts of government management departments, universities, society and enterprises, including graduates themselves. The government should attach importance to studying the social division of labor in college students' employment. Continue to promote the reform of the employment system, and clarify the responsibilities and management authority of the state, universities and government departments such as labor and personnel. Establish the position of the school in the process of students' employment and its rights and obligations. Accelerate the establishment and improvement of the employment mechanism of college graduates suitable for China's national conditions, so as to get rid of the current predicament of graduate employment.