The number of defective products divided by the total number of products multiplied by 100% equals the defective rate. The non-performing loan ratio, as the name suggests, refers to the proportion of non-performing loans of financial institutions to the total loan balance. Generally speaking, financial institutions will classify loans into five types according to risk levels: normal, special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss. Among them, substandard, doubtful and The losses are attributed to non-performing loans.