What is the classification of loans by financial institutions? Financial institutions generally divide borrowers into two categories: loans from enterprises and institutions and other loans from natural persons. By analyzing and judging the lender's ability to repay the loan principal and interest in time, the degree of risk that the institution itself will bear the loss is determined, and the loans are divided into five categories. How is this five-level classification specifically divided?
Classification of loans of financial institutions:
I. Normal loans
The Lender can perform the contract normally, has certain economic ability to guarantee the repayment of principal and interest on time, and has no bad records such as default and overdue repayment. Banks have sufficient confidence in the ability and credibility of these lenders to repay the principal and interest of loans on time and in full. The probability that such lenders will bring losses to lending financial institutions is very small, basically zero.
Second, attach importance to loans.
At present, the lender has enough economic ability to repay the principal and interest of the loan, but there are factors that may be unfavorable to the timely repayment of the loan. If these factors persist, it will affect the lender's repayment ability. The loan loss rate brought by such lenders to lending financial institutions generally does not exceed 5%.
Third, subprime loans.
There are obvious problems in the repayment ability of the lender, and it is impossible to repay the loan principal and interest in time by relying on its normal operating income. Interest needs to be repaid by disposing of assets, financing from outside and even implementing mortgage guarantee. The loan loss rate brought by such lenders to lending financial institutions is generally 30%-50%.
Four. Suspicious loan
The lender cannot repay the loan principal and interest in full after mortgage or guarantee, but the amount of loss cannot be determined due to the lender's reorganization, merger, mortgage disposal, pending litigation and other factors. The loan loss rate brought by such lenders to lending financial institutions is generally between 50% and 75%.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) loss loan
No matter how the lender takes measures, it cannot repay the principal and interest, or although it can recover a small part, its value is very low. From the lender's point of view, it is meaningless to keep it as an asset in the accounts. The loan loss rate brought by such lenders to lending financial institutions is 75%- 100%.
Classifying financial institutions according to loan quality can effectively reduce the non-performing loan ratio, increase profits and maintain financial stability. Our understanding of these financial knowledge can better grasp the market dynamics, and once there is relevant demand, we can achieve twice the result with half the effort.
Second, the scale division standard of financial enterprises
Legal analysis: financial enterprises are classified by compound classification. First of all, according to the classification of national economic industries, financial enterprises are divided into four categories: monetary financial services, capital market services, insurance and other financial industries. Secondly, monetary and financial services are divided into two categories: monetary banking services and non-monetary banking services, while other financial industries are divided into three categories: financial trust and management services, holding company services and other financial industries that are not included. Finally, according to the economic nature, the monetary banking service financial enterprises are classified as bank deposit financial institutions; Divide non-monetary banking service financial enterprises into banking non-deposit financial institutions, loan companies, companies and pawn shops; Classify capital market service financial enterprises as securities financial institutions; Classify insurance financial enterprises as insurance financial institutions; Other financial enterprises are divided into trust company Sun Xiannai, financial holding company and other financial institutions except loan companies, companies and pawn shops.
Legal basis: the standard value in Article 5 of the Standard Provisions on Classification of Enterprises in Financial Industry. According to the standard value of the index, all kinds of financial enterprises are divided into four categories: large, medium, small and micro, and the medium-sized enterprises with upper limits are large enterprises.
(1) Banking deposit-taking financial institutions. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 4 trillion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 500 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 5 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 5 billion yuan.
(2) Non-deposit financial institutions in the banking industry. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 654.38+000 billion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 20 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 5 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 5 billion yuan.
(3) loan companies, companies and pawn shops. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 654.38+000 billion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 20 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 5 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 5 billion yuan.
(4) Financial institutions in the securities industry. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 654.38+000 billion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 654.38 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 654.38 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 654.38 billion yuan.
(5) Financial institutions in the insurance vertical wheel industry. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 500 billion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 40 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 2 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 2 billion yuan.
(6) Trust companies. Trust assets below 654.38+000 billion yuan are small and medium-sized enterprises. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with trust assets of more than 40 billion yuan, small enterprises with trust assets of more than 2 billion yuan and micro enterprises with trust assets of less than 2 billion yuan.
(7) Financial holding companies. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 4 trillion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 500 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 5 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 5 billion yuan.
(eight) other financial institutions except loan companies, companies and pawn shops. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 654.38+000 billion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 20 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 5 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 5 billion yuan.
Three, the financial enterprise scale division standard
Legal analysis: financial enterprises are classified by compound classification. First of all, according to the classification of national economic industries, financial enterprises are divided into four categories: monetary financial services, capital market services, insurance and other financial industries. Secondly, monetary and financial services are divided into two categories: monetary banking services and non-monetary banking services, while other financial industries are divided into three categories: financial trust and management services, holding company services and other financial industries that are not included. Finally, according to the economic nature, the monetary banking service financial enterprises are classified as bank deposit financial institutions; Divide non-monetary banking service financial enterprises into banking non-deposit financial institutions, loan companies, companies and pawn shops; Classify capital market service financial enterprises as securities financial institutions; Classify insurance financial enterprises as insurance financial institutions; Other financial enterprises are divided into trust companies, financial holding companies and other financial institutions except loan companies, companies and pawn shops. Legal basis: the standard value in Article 5 of the Standard Provisions on Classification of Enterprises in Financial Industry. According to the standard value of the index, all kinds of financial enterprises are divided into four categories: large, medium, small and micro, and the medium-sized enterprises with upper limits are large enterprises. (1) Banking deposit-taking financial institutions. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 4 trillion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 500 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 5 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 5 billion yuan. (2) Non-deposit financial institutions in the banking industry. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 654.38+000 billion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 20 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 5 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 5 billion yuan. (3) loan companies, companies and pawn shops. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 654.38+000 billion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 20 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 5 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 5 billion yuan. (4) Financial institutions in the securities industry. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 654.38+000 billion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 654.38 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 654.38 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 654.38 billion yuan. (5) Insurance financial institutions. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 500 billion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 40 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 2 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 2 billion yuan. (6) Trust companies. Trust assets below 654.38+000 billion yuan are small and medium-sized enterprises. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with trust assets of more than 40 billion yuan, small enterprises with trust assets of more than 2 billion yuan and micro enterprises with trust assets of less than 2 billion yuan. (7) Financial holding companies. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 4 trillion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 500 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 5 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 5 billion yuan. (eight) other financial institutions except loan companies, companies and pawn shops. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 654.38+000 billion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 20 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 5 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 5 billion yuan.
Fourth, the scale division of financial institutions?
According to the standard value of the index, all kinds of financial enterprises are divided into four categories: large, medium, small and micro, and the medium-sized enterprises with upper limits are large enterprises.
(1) Banking deposit-taking financial institutions. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 4 trillion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 500 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 5 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 5 billion yuan.
(2) Non-deposit financial institutions in the banking industry. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 654.38+000 billion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 20 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 5 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 5 billion yuan.
(3) loan companies, companies and pawn shops. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 654.38+000 billion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 20 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 5 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 5 billion yuan.
(4) Financial institutions in the securities industry. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 654.38+000 billion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 654.38 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 654.38 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 654.38 billion yuan.
(5) Insurance financial institutions. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 500 billion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 40 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 2 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 2 billion yuan.
(6) Trust companies. Trust assets below 654.38+000 billion yuan are small and medium-sized enterprises. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with trust assets of more than 40 billion yuan, small enterprises with trust assets of more than 2 billion yuan and micro enterprises with trust assets of less than 2 billion yuan.
(7) Financial holding companies. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 4 trillion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 500 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 5 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 5 billion yuan.
(8) Financial institutions other than loan companies, companies and pawn shops. Small and medium-sized enterprises with total assets below 654.38+000 billion yuan. Among them, medium-sized enterprises with total assets of more than 20 billion yuan, small enterprises with total assets of more than 5 billion yuan and micro enterprises with total assets of less than 5 billion yuan.