Commercial banks handle non-performing loans in the following ways:

1, transferred to asset management company. Banks transfer non-performing loans to the four major asset management companies. Creditor's rights generally need to be sold at a discount.

2. Judicial execution. Banks can enforce the assets under the debtor's name by applying. For the auction of non-performing loans, the auction price of real estate may be only 50% to 10% of the market price. The total principal and interest face a little price risk.

3. Cross the bridge with funds. The third party contributes to repay the bank loan, the original loan is settled, and the bank issues a new loan. The total monthly interest of prepaid expenses is about 5%~6%. Because investors are more risky, investors may change their minds when they get cold feet.

4. Other disposal methods. Dispose of non-performing loans through asset reorganization, bankruptcy liquidation, asset replacement, debt-to-equity swap, etc.

Second, how to deal with the accountability of non-performing loans of bank account managers?

Let me introduce the background first. Bank lending and private lending have the same core attitude towards the emergence of non-performing loans, but different attitudes. When there are non-performing loans, everyone definitely wants to at least recover the principal of the non-performing loans and recover the losses.

However, due to business assessment, non-performing rate and other indicators, the bank's priority attitude is to first reduce non-performing loans and turn them into normal loans, and then consider how to recover loans. This difference in attitude is crucial.

The most fundamental reason is that the principal of the bank's funds does not belong to any bank personnel. Even if the loss is caused and the responsibility is determined, there is still a time lag, and there is also a huge time lag in taking other means such as litigation to recover the bad. Perhaps during this period, the relevant personnel have changed their jobs and transferred from their original posts, but the assessment indicators are indeed true and timely, linked to the existing work of bank personnel at all levels.

So in terms of attitude:

Bank executives may give priority to reducing non-performing loans, and from the data, non-performing loans will turn into normal loans. As for the account manager, he must obey management in his work.

Therefore, when dealing with non-performing loans, many banks first try to convert non-performing loans into normal loans. Even if it is only a digital game, it is actually more difficult to recover them later, but it is very important for the bank's business assessment.

The core definition of non-performing loans is overdue for more than 90 days, which is the core. Now the supervision of non-performing loans will be very strict. In recent years, a large number of credit cooperatives have been transformed into rural commercial banks, and their supervision will put great pressure on the indicators of non-performing loans. Banks will carry out related work around this "90 days" and try not to cross this "90 days".

Even if the lawsuit is not successfully carried out, this non-performing loan is still a non-performing loan, occupying the "non-performing rate" index.

Therefore, as long as the borrower can cooperate with the bank's work, carry out "effective" collection, and sign relevant collection notices regularly to ensure the limitation of the bank's litigation, it is not necessarily the bank's first choice.

General common processing methods are:

(1) Borrow new loans to repay old ones, and issue new loans to repay old ones.

There are several variables involved here. First, help borrowers and guarantors to settle their previous interest arrears by themselves, and the principal will be repaid by newly issued loans without increasing the total amount of loans. The final effect of the treatment: all the interest owed is recovered, and the new loan has no interest owed for the time being. Assuming that the borrower still can't pay the interest on time, the bad debt time can be extended for at least another three months.

Second, the interest is linked to the loan, and the previous interest arrears are retained. Only new loans are issued to repay old loans, and the amount of new loans does not exceed the principal balance of old loans.

The final effect of the treatment: the principal and interest owed are the same as before the treatment, and the risk has not expanded, but the time has been extended for another three months.

Borrowing the new and returning the old, you can adjust the interest payment method to "one-time repayment of principal and interest at maturity". In this case, the bad time can be extended to 1 year.

If the repayment method is still "one-time repayment of the principal at maturity with monthly interest", theoretically, the loan can remain unchanged, but the accumulated arrears of interest will increase.

② Restructuring loan:

According to the specific situation, through consultation with borrowers, guarantors and third-party stakeholders, the creditor's rights and debts will be redistributed, and the loan scheme will be re-formulated according to the new scheme. Borrowers can be changed, and additional guarantees can be adopted. As long as the current non-performing rate can be solved, the future non-performing time will be delayed for three months as far as possible.

③ Non-performing loans are sold internally and employees subscribe for non-performing loans.

④ Write off loans or create conditions according to conditions.

After verification, you can go to court with confidence, and the litigation period is generally one to two years. If the borrower, mortgagor, etc. Loss of contact requires property preservation and announcement for a period of six months, and then procedures such as filing, sealing up, announcement, litigation and auction execution are carried out. The whole cycle is about two years. Fortunately, you can recover the loan, but unfortunately, you can win the case and write the relevant exemption report after getting the judgment, but you can't recover the loan in full.

Third, how do banks "handle" non-performing assets?

Write off, or package bonds and sell them to asset management companies.