Short-term loans are loans with a maturity of less than one year that companies borrow from banks and other non-bank financial institutions. Short-term loans can be applied for production turnover loans, temporary loans and settlement loans according to the production and operation needs of the enterprise, and different types of short-term loans can be selected according to loan conditions and needs. So, how do you calculate your financing needs for a short-term loan?
The calculation of short-term loan financing needs is divided into two types: static calculation method and dynamic calculation method. The calculation of short-term borrowing financing needs to be analyzed and calculated based on the actual situation of the company's annual liquidity and self-owned funds. Working capital mainly includes the collection and use of cash, inventory, accounts receivable and accounts payable.
1. Static calculation method. The static calculation method is based on the actual production and operation data of the enterprise in the previous year, on the premise of calculating working capital, and after deducting the enterprise's own funds and funds from other channels, the short-term loan financing demand is obtained.
Calculation formula for working capital requirements: annual working capital = working capital/number of working capital turnovers, operating cost = previous year’s sales revenue * (1 expected annual sales revenue growth rate) * (1 - previous year’s sales profit rate), working capital turnover times = sales revenue/(average current assets - average current liabilities).
For example, Enterprise A’s sales revenue last year was 50 million yuan, and its estimated sales revenue this year is 70 million yuan. Last year’s sales profit margin was 20. The working capital has been turned over twice. At the end of last year, the working capital loan balance was 10 million yuan and its own working capital was 10 million yuan. Calculate Enterprise A’s short-term loan financing needs for the current period.
Operating cost = 50 million yuan * (1 40) * (1-20) = 56 million yuan.
Annual working capital = 56 million yuan/2 times = 28 million yuan.
Annual short-term loan increment = 28 million - 10 million - 10 million = 8 million.
2. Dynamic calculation method. The dynamic calculation method is a method of calculating a company's short-term borrowing needs using a dynamic capital calculation table, that is, predicting the company's current cash inflow and outflow dynamic data.
Current working capital requirements are initial net capital flows plus operating cash receipts minus operating cash expenses. Operating cash income includes sales revenue and other business income received by the company in the current period (year, month, day). Operating expenses include purchase expenses, various expenses, taxes, and transportation expenses paid in the current period (year, month, day). and other related costs and expenses.
For example, Company B expects to receive sales of 80 million yuan, material procurement of 60 million yuan, various expenses of 20 million yuan, taxes of 4 million yuan, and transportation of 1 million yuan. The net cash flow at the beginning of the period is 1 million yuan. The corporate bank loan balance is zero. Without considering other funding channels, calculate the short-term loan financing needs of enterprise B.
b Enterprise short-term loan demand = 1 million - 60,000 - 20,000 - 4,000 - 1 million = -4 million.
In short, when companies apply for short-term loans from banks and other financial institutions, they must not only meet the basic conditions for bank loans, but also calculate the company’s short-term loan needs. There are two calculation methods for short-term loan financing. As for which method an enterprise chooses when calculating its capital needs, it needs to be determined based on the actual situation of the enterprise.
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