First, the interest rate is the price that the borrower needs to pay for the money borrowed, and it is also the return that the lender gets by delaying his own consumption and lending it to the borrower. Interest rate refers to the ratio of interest amount to the amount of borrowed funds in a certain period, which is usually calculated as the percentage of one-year interest to principal.
Second, it is the main factor that determines the capital cost of enterprises, and it is also the decisive factor for enterprises to raise funds and invest.
Third, the level of interest rate, the factors that affect interest rate, are mainly the marginal productivity of capital or the relationship between supply and demand of capital. In addition, there is the length of time promised to send money and the degree of risk taken. Interest rate policy is the main means of western macro-monetary policy. In order to intervene in the economy, the government can indirectly adjust the domestic inflation level by changing interest rates.
Fourth, during the depression, lower interest rates, expand the money supply, and stimulate economic development. In the period of inflation, we should raise interest rates, reduce the money supply and curb the vicious development of the economy. So the interest rate has a great influence on our life.
Interest rate is the price that the borrower needs to pay for the money borrowed, and it is also the return that the lender gets by delaying his own consumption and lending it to the borrower. The interest rate is usually calculated by the percentage of one-year interest to the principal.
Sixth, the role of interest rates.
Interest rate is an important tool to adjust monetary policy, and it is also used to control investment, inflation and unemployment rate, thus affecting economic growth.
Interest rate theory
Seven, generally speaking, the interest rate is different according to the term standard of measurement, and the expressions are annual interest rate, monthly interest rate and daily interest rate.
8. In modern economy, interest rate, as the price of capital, is not only restricted by many economic and social factors, but also the change of interest rate has a great influence on the whole economy. Therefore, modern economists pay special attention to the relationship between various variables and the balance of the whole economy when studying the decision of interest rate. Interest rate determination theory has also experienced the evolution and development of classical interest rate theory, Keynesian interest rate theory, loanable funds interest rate theory, IS-LM interest rate analysis and contemporary dynamic interest rate model.
Nine, Keynes believes that savings and investment are two interdependent variables, not two independent variables. In his theory, the money supply is controlled by the central bank and is an exogenous variable without interest rate elasticity. At this time, the demand for money depends on people's psychological "liquidity preference".
X. loanable funds's interest rate theory is the interest rate theory of neoclassical school, which was put forward to revise Keynes's "liquidity preference" interest rate theory. To some extent, loanable funds's interest rate theory can actually be regarded as the synthesis of classical interest rate theory and Keynesian theory.
1 1. Hicks, a famous British economist, and others think that the above theory does not consider the income factor, so it is impossible to determine the interest rate level, so in 1937, an IS-LM model based on the general equilibrium theory is proposed. Thus, a theory that interest rate and income are determined simultaneously under the interaction of savings and investment, money supply and money demand is established.
12. According to this model, the determination of interest rate depends on four factors: savings supply, investment demand, money supply and money demand, and all factors that lead to changes in savings investment and money supply and demand will affect the interest rate level. The characteristic of this theory is general equilibrium analysis.
Thirteen, this theory organically unifies the commodity market equilibrium of classical theory and the money market equilibrium of Keynes theory under a relatively strict theoretical framework.
Fourteen, Marx's interest rate determination theory is an interest rate theory that considers the role of institutional factors in interest rate determination from the perspective of the source and essence of interest. Its theoretical core is that the interest rate is determined by the average profit rate. According to Marx, under the capitalist system, interest is a part of profit and a transformation form of surplus value.
Fifthly, the independence of interests is of positive significance to truly show the dynamic role played by capital users in the process of reproduction. The level of interest rate has a very important influence on the foreign exchange rate, and interest rate is the most important factor affecting the exchange rate. We know that the exchange rate is the relative price between the currencies of two countries. Like the pricing mechanism of other commodities, it is determined by the relationship between supply and demand in the foreign exchange market. Foreign exchange is a financial asset, and people hold it because it can bring capital gains.
Sixteen, when people choose to hold their own currency or foreign borrowed currency, the first consideration is which currency can bring them greater benefits. The yield of each country's currency is first measured by the interest rate in its financial market.
17. If the interest rate of a currency rises, the interest income from holding the currency will increase, attracting investors to buy the currency, so it is beneficial to the currency (the market is promising); If the interest rate falls, the income from holding money will decrease, and the attractiveness of money will weaken. So it can be said that "the interest rate rises and the currency strengthens; Interest rates are falling, soft money. "
18. From an economic point of view, when the foreign exchange market is balanced, the income from holding any two currencies should be equal, that is, Ri=Rj (interest rate parity condition). Here R stands for the rate of return, and I and J stand for the currencies of different countries. If the income from holding two currencies is not equal, there will be arbitrage: buy A foreign exchange and sell B foreign exchange.
Nineteen, this arbitrage, there is no risk. Therefore, once the yields of the two currencies are not equal, the arbitrage mechanism will make the yields of the two currencies equal, that is to say, there is an inherent tendency and trend of interest rate equalization in currencies of different countries, which is the key aspect for interest rate indicators to affect the trend of foreign exchange rates, and it is also the key for us to interpret and grasp interest rate indicators.