Accounting, cost recovery, meaning
Total cost refers to the total cost incurred by an enterprise in producing a product or providing a service. That is, all the costs of producing and selling all products in a certain period of time (calculated once a year in financial and economic evaluation). Total cost, recorded as TC (total cost). Unit cost Unit cost refers to the sum of the output of a unit product.
Question 2: What are the direct and indirect costs of M&A?
Direct cost refers to the acquisition cost directly paid by the acquirer to the target enterprise, that is, the purchase price, which consists of the fair value of the net assets of the target enterprise and the goodwill confirmed by accounting, and the goodwill consists of the self-created goodwill of the target enterprise and the co-created goodwill distributed to the target enterprise. The purchase price is the most important part of M&A cost, so whether the purchase price is appropriate is related to the success of M&A. In addition, the payment method of direct cost is also related to the profitability of M&A. This fee can be paid in cash, bonds, stocks or other forms.
Indirect cost refers to the expenses that are not directly paid to M&A enterprises, but need to be paid in the process of M&A. Specifically, it includes the following costs: First, the information cost-the cost of obtaining information about the target enterprise and M&A enterprises' own financial status, operating status, environmental conditions and so on. The second is the cost of intermediaries (such as asset appraisal institutions) and experts (such as legal consultation and financial consultation). The third is the communication cost-the cost of communicating with the target enterprise and various stakeholders such as * * * in the M&A process. Fourth, negotiation cost-the cost of negotiation between M&A enterprise and target enterprise on a series of issues such as M&A price and M&A responsibility. The fifth is the integration cost-the cost of integrating the target enterprise after M&A enterprise obtains the control right of the target enterprise. The sixth is the management cost after integration.
Question 3: How should the project cost recovery be calculated? 20: 00 2189.02/(810-601.5) =10.97 (year)
Question 4: What is the acquisition cost? The purchase of raw materials is included in the cost of raw materials.
Question 5: Are the transaction costs incurred in the M&A process direct costs or brief costs? The total cost of M&A should include the direct cost and indirect cost incurred in M&A. The direct cost is the direct delivery cost of M&A, while the indirect cost includes all expenses incurred in the process of M&A. The first is the debt cost. In the case of debt acquisition and leveraged acquisition, the acquisition cost may not be actually paid at first, but the principal and interest of future debts must be paid in installments. Borrowing bank mortgage loans for acquisition will also bear the burden of repaying principal and interest in the future. Followed by transaction costs. That is, the intermediary fees such as search, planning, negotiation, asset evaluation and re-registration in the process of mergers and acquisitions. There is also the integration cost, that is, the manpower and material resources invested in integrating various resources for enterprises.
According to your question, if the transaction cost is not directly delivered, it is an indirect cost; If the transaction cost is the transaction amount specified in the M&A agreement, it is the direct cost.
Question 6: How do enterprises calculate the purchasing cost of agricultural products? General taxpayer enterprises purchase agricultural products, and calculate the input tax according to the purchase price of agricultural products and the deduction rate 13% indicated in the agricultural product purchase invoice. Another 87% is included in the inventory cost. Cost =20*87%= 17.4
Question 7: The template of purchasing fee allocation document defines the scope of publishing and the reading object. For example, report to superiors, or promote and introduce experience to relevant units; Is it for leaders and relevant department personnel to read, or is it conveyed to all personnel?
Drafting official documents usually follows the following steps:
First, a clear message.
Any official document is written according to the actual needs of the work. Therefore, before writing, we must first understand the theme of the post, that is, the theme and purpose of the post, including the following:
What is the central content of the 1. file? For example, the improvement of related work is mainly to ask what is the current situation? What are the problems, solutions and things that need help; If the matter is requested, it is suggested to ask the superior department to answer or solve the problem.
2. According to the contents of the document, what language are you going to use? China people and China people's performances, net talk! Show the correctness of the speaker, such as, generation, writing and performance, speech! Work report, indicating: Mo 32, 2053, 506, whether to write a special report or briefing; Whether to write an instruction or reply or a notice with a specified nature for the problems reflected in the communication at the lower level.
3. Make clear the file sending range and reading object. For example, report to superiors, or promote and introduce experience to relevant units; Is it for leaders and relevant department personnel to read, or is it conveyed to all personnel?
4. Clarify the specific requirements for posting. For example, whether to ask the other party to understand, or to ask the other party to reply and let the recipient implement it, or to refer to it, study it for reference and solicit opinions.
In short, it is necessary to clearly define the way of issuing documents, mainly explaining what problems and what purposes to achieve. Only when we know these problems clearly can we start drafting.
Second, collect relevant information and conduct investigation and research.
After defining the purpose and theme of the post, you can collect materials around this theme and conduct some investigation and research. Of course, this also depends on the specific situation, not every official document should write this step. For example, write a short notice and announcement. Generally speaking, you don't need to collect materials and investigate. After clarifying the main idea of the post, you can start writing after a little consideration. but
Question 8: The direct cost of M&A refers to the acquisition cost directly paid by the acquirer to the target enterprise, that is, the acquisition price, including the fair value of the net assets of the target enterprise and the M&A goodwill confirmed by accounting, which in turn includes the self-created goodwill of the target enterprise and the common goodwill allocated to the target enterprise. The purchase price is the most important part of M&A cost, so whether the purchase price is appropriate is related to the success of M&A. In addition, the payment method of direct cost is also related to the profitability of M&A. This fee can be paid in cash, bonds, stocks or other forms.
Indirect cost refers to the expenses that are not directly paid to M&A enterprises, but need to be paid in the process of M&A. Specifically, it includes the following costs: First, the information cost-the cost of obtaining information about the target enterprises and M&A enterprises' own financial status, operating conditions, environmental conditions and so on. The second is the cost of intermediaries (such as asset appraisal institutions) and experts (such as legal consultation and financial consultation). The third is the communication cost-the cost of communicating with the target enterprise and various stakeholders such as * * * in the M&A process. Fourth, negotiation cost-the cost of negotiation between M&A enterprise and target enterprise on a series of issues such as M&A price and M&A responsibility. The fifth is the integration cost-the cost of integrating the target enterprise after M&A enterprise obtains the control right of the target enterprise. The sixth is the management cost after integration.
Question 9: What is the pricing principle of M&A? 1. Income principle.
The profit principle of enterprise merger and acquisition, also known as the efficiency principle, is manifested in two aspects:
1, M&A's income is greater than M&A's cost, or M&A's activities can reduce or avoid losses and costs.
2. Choose the best scheme among several feasible M&A schemes. Obviously, the negotiation of the merger price is undoubtedly to achieve the expected purpose. Both M&A parties must follow this basic principle in pricing activities to meet the basic requirement that the benefits outweigh the costs and choose the best scheme. Any merger that deviates from this principle can be said to be a failed or inefficient merger.
Second, the principle of synergy.
Another basic principle that enterprises should follow in M&A is to achieve synergy. Synergy effect means that the overall effect after enterprise merger is greater than the sum of the effects of individual operation before enterprise merger, which is called "1+1"; 2"。 Collaboration mainly includes management collaboration and management collaboration. Business synergy refers to the change and improvement of the efficiency of production and operation activities brought about by mergers and acquisitions. The synergistic effect of management is mainly reflected in three aspects: market size, complementary advantages and reducing uncertainty.
1, scale economy
The direct manifestation of enterprise merger and acquisition is the emergence of larger enterprises or new organizational forms. Within the reasonable boundary of the enterprise, due to the expansion and growth of market share and sales volume, the market control ability is expected to be improved, and the improvement of product price, production technology, fund raising and customer behavior will also contribute to the survival and development of the company. However, the average cost will decline, and correspondingly, after the marketing expenses, R&D expenses and the operating costs of new enterprises are equally shared, they will also show a downward trend due to the scale effect.
2. Complementary advantages
Through mergers and acquisitions, the advantages of enterprises are integrated with each other to achieve the purpose of learning from each other's strong points, and may also produce new advantages. These advantages include not only the original company's expertise in technology, market, patent and product management, but also its excellent corporate culture and rich and favorable social resources, which complement each other and improve the efficiency of factor combination.
3. Reduce uncertainty or risk.
The activities of enterprises in the market will face many uncertainties, and it is inevitable to pay information costs and transaction costs to resolve risks. Merger and acquisition can transform the market transaction relationship into the internal relationship of the same company, thus reducing the cost by sharing resources in marketing expenses, transaction taxes and fees, information collection and so on. Of course, the transaction cost of the company is greatly reduced. The pursuit of saving transaction costs is the fundamental motivation of vertical mergers and acquisitions, and the substitution of internal administrative management for market transactions can also effectively reduce the phenomenon of default. The reliability of production is enhanced, and the uncertainty will be reduced to some extent.
Third, the principle of compatibility
The principle of compatibility refers to the harmony between enterprises, between production and sales and consumers, and between enterprises and society. It is in harmony with system, environment and culture, promotes change and evolution, advocates progress and civilization, and promotes the construction of a harmonious society. Pay close attention to the overall improvement of business management after merger and acquisition; The principle of compatibility is more about the integration with the external environment after merger and acquisition. Generally speaking, the compatibility between an enterprise and the external environment and its social responsibility are difficult to be reflected in the enterprise value, and can only be reflected through the price. The higher the degree of integration with the environment after M&A, the better the development and growth, the stronger the expected profitability, and M&A enterprises are willing to pay higher prices for it. or vice versa, Dallas to the auditorium
Fourth, the principle of comprehensive strength enhancement.
Through enterprise merger and acquisition, with capital as the link and asset reorganization as the way, the overall strength of corresponding industries, markets and national economy has been enhanced. The determination of M&A price of enterprises should take into account the improvement of comprehensive strength of enterprises, have a global and long-term perspective, and consider it from the strategic height of the healthy development of the whole economy and the improvement of productivity. Price determination is a local and short-term key point, which should be combined with the long-term development of enterprises in the whole economy. Really achieve the purpose of effective capital expansion, rational resource allocation and overall strength improvement.
Because the pricing of M&A directly affects the success or failure of M&A, the person in charge of M&A should operate according to the pricing principle of M&A.. Through correct operation, the strength of the merged companies will be enhanced, and the merged companies will be integrated with each other to achieve economies of scale. This is also the basic starting point and purpose of corporate mergers and acquisitions.