Accelerate the adjustment of industrial structure in Inner Mongolia
□ Zhang Guangshou
Facing the 2 1 century, the third generation of the party's collective leadership adhered to and developed Comrade Deng Xiaoping's strategic thought of "two overall situations", and made a great decision to implement the large-scale development of the western region, which provided a rare historical opportunity for accelerating the economic development of the western region. In the implementation of the western development, industrial restructuring is an important content. Giving full play to comparative advantages, developing characteristic economy and advantageous industries and avoiding structural similarity are also the basic requirements of the state for the adjustment of industrial structure in the western region. Therefore, the western provinces and autonomous regions must proceed from their own resource characteristics and advantages, accurately position themselves, grasp the key points, highlight the development of characteristic economy and advantageous industries with market prospects, accelerate the pace of industrial restructuring, form distinctive regional economies, and promote the coordinated economic development of the western region. Based on the comprehensive analysis and understanding of various natural resources, regional characteristics, national economy and social development in Inner Mongolia, it is considered that the adjustment of industrial structure in Inner Mongolia must also take the road of developing characteristic economy.
First, the status quo of industrial structure in Inner Mongolia
In the 50 years since the founding of New China, especially in the 20 years since the reform and opening-up, Inner Mongolia has made great progress in economic development, the total economic output has been continuously expanded, and the structural adjustment has achieved remarkable results. By 200 1, the region's GDP will reach154.5 billion yuan, of which the added value of the primary industry is 36 1 billion yuan, the added value of the secondary industry is 62.4 billion yuan, the added value of the tertiary industry is 56 billion yuan, and the proportion of the tertiary industry is 23.4:40.4:36.2. The industrial structure is gradually developing in a reasonable direction.
The basic position of agriculture and animal husbandry has been further strengthened, and the comprehensive production capacity has been significantly improved. It has the ability to produce 28 billion Jin of grain and raise more than 70 million heads (only), and can provide 65.438+000 billion Jin of commercial grain, 65.438+000 million tons of commercial meat, 60,000 tons of wool, 4,000 tons of cashmere, 65.438+09 million sheepskins and 609 million pieces of cowhide every year. The structure of heavy industry has been improved, and the development of light industry, mainly agricultural and livestock products processing industry, has been further accelerated, and the production capacity has been continuously expanded. The added value of enterprises above designated size reached 9.7 billion yuan, becoming the first pillar industry in the autonomous region, and a number of key enterprises and brand-name products such as Erdos, Yili, Shi Qi, Wang Lu and Xingfa emerged. Heavy industries such as energy and raw materials have developed steadily. The added value of enterprises above designated size has reached 2 1 100 million yuan, and the output of raw coal, power generation and steel has reached 816300 tons, 46.5 billion kWh and 4.59 million tons respectively. Infrastructure conditions such as transportation and communication have improved significantly, and the tertiary industry has developed rapidly.
In the long-term development process, Inner Mongolia's economy has gradually formed its own characteristics in agriculture and animal husbandry, energy industry, agricultural and livestock products processing industry, rare earth industry, biological high-tech industry, grassland cultural tourism and other industries, and has become an important support for economic development.
Agriculture and animal husbandry: Inner Mongolia spans the "Three Norths", with a length of more than 2,400 kilometers from east to west, a width of10.7 million kilometers from north to south, and a total area of10/830,000 square kilometers, accounting for about18 of the whole country, ranking second. Among them, grassland, per capita arable land and forest area rank first in the country. Abundant land resources, different natural conditions and diverse distribution of animals and plants have created unique conditions for the development of characteristic agriculture and animal husbandry. Dairy cows and soybeans in Hu Meng, rice in Xing 'an League, corn in Tongliao and Chifeng, beef and mutton in Ximeng, potatoes in Wumeng, wheat in Bameng, cashmere goats in Yimeng and Arab League, etc. , has obvious characteristics and outstanding advantages. At present, these characteristic agriculture and animal husbandry are playing an important role in the economic development of regional agriculture and animal husbandry. For example, the annual planting area of potatoes in Wumeng reached 5 million mu, the output reached 4 million tons, and the added value was 654.38 billion yuan, accounting for 28% of the agricultural added value in Wumeng. At the same time, it also promoted the development of processing, preservation, storage and transportation. At present, there are 0/20,000 potato storage households, 35,000 people and 50,000 vehicles engaged in potato transportation, and large and medium-sized potato processing enterprises. The added value of potato planting, processing and sales in the whole alliance is 65.438+0.5 billion yuan, accounting for 654.38+0.6% of the total GDP of the whole alliance, which has become an important force in the economic development of the whole alliance.
In addition, Inner Mongolia has 65.438+0.3 billion mu of grassland and 280 million mu of forest, with large environmental capacity and relatively little pollution, and green products are a major feature. In 2000, 65 enterprises in the whole region developed green food, and registered 176 kinds of green food, accounting for more than 10% of the total green food in China, which has great potential for future development. There are five deserts and five sandy lands in Inner Mongolia from east to west, with a total area of 1 65,438+0.2 billion mu, accounting for 63.3% of the total land area of the whole region. Combined with ecological management, the development of sand industry also has broad prospects.
Agricultural and livestock products processing industry: Agricultural and livestock products are the characteristics and advantages of Inner Mongolia. The output of potatoes, wool and cashmere ranks first in China, the output of mutton and milk ranks second in China, and the output of beef ranks tenth in China. Relying on the resources of agricultural and livestock products, the processing industry of agricultural and livestock products has become the first pillar industry in Inner Mongolia, accounting for more than 80% of the light industry output value in the region and 32% of the total industrial output value. Especially in potato, mutton, milk, cashmere and other agricultural and livestock products processing industries, the advantages are obvious and the strength is equivalent. In 2000, the output of cashmere in the whole region was nearly 4,000 tons, with an annual output of 65,438+500,000 tons of cashmere carding and 65,438+200,000 cashmere sweaters. The annual sales revenue exceeded 3 billion yuan, with profits and taxes of 450 million yuan. With well-known brands such as Erdos and Wang Lu, cashmere production, processing scale, technology and export earnings rank first in China. The milk output is nearly 800,000 tons, and the annual production capacity of processing fresh milk is nearly 800,000 tons. There are 109 dairy processing enterprises in the whole region, producing nearly 300 varieties in ten categories, with a dairy product output of 66,000 tons. The annual sales revenue exceeds 2 billion yuan, and the profits and taxes exceed 300 million yuan. Yili Group's annual sales revenue exceeds 6,543.802 billion yuan, and its profits and taxes exceed 200 million yuan. Potato production is 7 million tons, and there are 2 large and medium-sized processing enterprises/kloc-0, with an annual processing capacity of10.5 million tons. The output of mutton is 320,000 tons, and Grassland Xingfa Group has formed an annual production capacity of 6,543,800+100,000 sheep.
Energy industry: Inner Mongolia is rich in energy resources such as coal, oil and natural gas, and its proven coal reserves rank second in China. Among them, there are five super-large coalfields with reserves of more than 654.38+000 billion tons, which are suitable for open-pit mining, and have now formed an annual production capacity of 654.38+000 billion tons of raw coal. At the same time, Inner Mongolia is close to the water source, with low power generation cost and short transmission lines, and has good coal-electricity conversion conditions. At present, the installed capacity has reached 9.6 million kilowatts, and the annual power generation has reached 46.5 billion kilowatt hours. It transmits electricity to the outside of the region, which is the region with the largest amount of electricity transmission to the outside world. The natural gas field in Ordos basin is one of the few super-large onshore gas fields discovered in China so far, with natural gas reserves of 10.7 trillion cubic meters, of which Inner Mongolia exceeds 4 trillion cubic meters. At present, the proven reserves of Sulige, Wushen and Daniudi gas fields in Inner Mongolia are more than 720 billion cubic meters, and the annual production capacity of natural gas is 2.5 billion cubic meters. After the rapid development since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, the energy industry has become an important pillar of the economic development in Inner Mongolia, and its added value accounts for 18% of the industrial added value in the whole region.
In addition, affected by electricity prices, in recent years, high-energy industries have begun to shift to energy bases. Inner Mongolia has abundant and cheap energy resources, which has created favorable conditions for the development of energy-intensive industries. The government of the autonomous region also approved the establishment of high-energy industrial parks in Wuhai and the surrounding areas of Wutai and Qipanjing, and implemented preferential electricity prices, which greatly promoted the development of high-energy industries. High-energy industrial products such as electrolytic aluminum, calcium carbide, caustic soda, ferroalloy and industrial silicon are growing rapidly in the whole region, and high-energy industries are gradually becoming a new growth point of industrial economy in the whole region.
Rare Earth Industry: Rare Earth is a relatively monopolized industry in Inner Mongolia, with the total amount of rare earth resources ranking first in the world, with industrial reserve accounting for 85% of the country and about 50% of the world; Baotou Rare Earth Research Institute is the largest rare earth research institute in China. Baotou Rare Earth Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone is the only national high-tech development zone named after "Rare Earth" in China, and Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth Hi-tech Co., Ltd. is also the first rare earth listed enterprise in China. After nearly 40 years of development and construction, the rare earth industry in Inner Mongolia has considerable production capacity and occupies an important position in the rare earth market at home and abroad. There are more than 100 rare earth production enterprises in the whole region, including nearly 20 rare earth backbone enterprises. The annual production capacity of rare earth concentrate reaches 654.38+10,000 tons, and the annual processing capacity of rare earth concentrate reaches120,000 tons, which can produce more than 80 varieties and more than 220 specifications of rare earth products. The single rare earth separation capacity reaches 63,000 tons (calculated by treating rare earth chloride), the rare earth alloy capacity reaches 30,000 tons, the rare earth metal capacity reaches 1.2 million tons, the magnetic material capacity reaches 1.6 tons, the flint capacity reaches 400 tons, the nickel-hydrogen battery alloy powder capacity reaches 1.5 million tons, and the rare earth polishing powder capacity reaches the rare earth concentrate output. At the same time, a large number of high-tech rare earth application products such as rare earth permanent magnet motors, magnetic separators, electric meter dampers, rare earth multi-element compound fertilizers and rare earth drought-resistant water-retaining agents have been developed, and a number of high-tech and high-value-added rare earth projects and application projects are being prepared. At present, the fixed assets of the rare earth industry in the whole region are nearly 65.438+0.5 billion yuan, with more than 65.438+0.2 million employees, with an annual output value exceeding 65.438+0.5 billion yuan and profits and taxes reaching 250 million yuan.
Biological high-tech industry: the development of biological industry depends on technology and resources. Although Inner Mongolia has no talent and technical advantages, it is rich in biological gene resources. First, there are many kinds of wild plant resources, such as Prunus armeniaca, Hippophae rhamnoides, Cistanche deserticola and Sophora alopecuroides. Second, there are a variety of Chinese and Mongolian medical resources, such as licorice and ephedra. Third, there are many kinds of animal organ resources, such as sheep placenta. These resources have good health care and medicinal value, and have high development and utilization value.
Grassland cultural tourism: Inner Mongolia is a colorful and legendary place. Grassland, historic sites, deserts, lakes, forests and folk customs constitute unique tourist attractions and are ideal places for tourism. Inner Mongolia straddles the "Three Norths", adjoins eight provinces, and faces Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan, so it enjoys a favorable geographical position for developing tourism. With the continuous improvement of traffic conditions, tourism environment and the increase of tourist attractions, tourism in Inner Mongolia has developed rapidly in recent years, with the number of tourists exceeding 9 million, and the total tourism revenue reaching 5 1 100 million yuan, accounting for 3.3% of GDP. Tourism is gradually becoming a new economic growth point in the whole region.
Second, Inner Mongolia's ideas and key points of developing characteristic economy
According to the actual and existing economic development foundation of Inner Mongolia, the future development of characteristic economy should be based on resource transformation, give full play to comparative advantages, and build Inner Mongolia into an important agricultural and livestock products and green industry development zone, energy and raw materials industry development zone, rare earth scientific research, production and export development zone, and realize resource transformation, structural optimization, industrial upgrading and technological innovation through the construction of "three zones".
(1) Agricultural and livestock products and green industry
Relying on brand-name products and rich resources of agriculture and animal husbandry, we will continue to strengthen the infrastructure construction of farmland and pasture, actively adjust the production structure of agriculture and animal husbandry, take accelerating the industrialization of agriculture and animal husbandry as a breakthrough, vigorously develop agricultural and animal products and their processing industries with green brands as the mainstay, and focus on the industrialization series of leading products such as cashmere, milk, mutton, beef, leather and potatoes. Corn and wheat, so as to consolidate and expand the leading edge of cashmere, milk and mutton deep-processed products in the country. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen ecological construction, vigorously develop sand industry and create a green environment.
Characteristic agriculture: give full play to regional comparative advantages, actively adjust planting structure and vigorously develop green agricultural products according to the different characteristics of local climate and soil. In accordance with the principles of rational layout, respective emphasis, relative concentration and scale formation, regional production bases will be built to form regional famous and famous products. Focus on the construction of high-quality special wheat, corn, rice, soybeans, potatoes and other agricultural products bases and green products bases with comparative advantages and characteristics in Inner Mongolia.
Animal husbandry: Give full play to the advantages of natural grassland, steadily develop grassland animal husbandry, vigorously develop animal husbandry in agricultural areas, and strive to improve the intensive modernization level of animal husbandry in accordance with the guiding principle of "increasing grass, increasing livestock, improving grassland and livestock species, and improving quality and efficiency". By the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the output of beef reached 320,000 tons, that of mutton reached 450,000 tons, and that of milk reached 65,438 tons.
Sand industry: Building Inner Mongolia into an important ecological defense line in northern China is an important decision made by Inner Mongolia from the strategic height of sustainable development in the western development. To strengthen ecological construction, prevention and development should be organically combined, and on the basis of restoring ecological vegetation, industrial development and sand industry should be moderately carried out to achieve the unity of ecological, economic and social benefits. In the near future, we will focus on the development of seabuckthorn, Salix psammophila, Prunus armeniaca, Ephedra, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cistanche deserticola, poison shrub, aeolian sand, desert algae and other industries. Develop seabuckthorn medicine, cosmetics and health products, Salix Salix box paper, almond drink, aeolian sand microcrystalline material, ephedrine, cistanche deserticola wine, cistanche deserticola health care liquid and other products, so that the sand industry will become a new economic growth point in Inner Mongolia.
Agricultural and livestock products processing industry: relying on resources, cultivate and develop leading industries with comparative advantages, and highlight the development of green food and cashmere processing industry. It is necessary to give full play to Inner Mongolia's unique advantages in green food raw material resources, take famous brand products and advantageous enterprises as the leader, and use modern processing, preservation and packaging technologies to vigorously develop processed products with large market capacity, such as milk, mutton, beef, potatoes, corn and high-quality wheat, so as to make Inner Mongolia an important green food production and processing base in China. Cashmere processing industry should be based on the optimization and reorganization of existing assets, with compression, adjustment, innovation and improvement as the core, eliminate backward and excess capacity, adopt advanced and applicable technologies and equipment to transform existing enterprises, improve product quality and grade, and increase varieties. We will continue to cultivate and develop leading enterprises such as Erdos and Wang Lu Cashmere Group, speed up the development and production of deep-processed products such as combed cashmere fabrics, shirt fabrics and high-count worsted cashmere underwear, improve the technical content and added value, and make Inner Mongolia an important cashmere production and processing export base in China.
(2) Energy and raw material industry
Based on the advantages of coal resources, accelerate the pace of transformation and vigorously develop coal-electricity conversion, kerosene conversion and clean coal production. We will implement coal-electricity conversion, speed up the "power transmission from west to east", and focus on eight power supply projects, including Tuoketuo, Dalat and Yuanbaoshan. At the same time, speed up the construction of transmission channels outside the region, improve the power grid of the autonomous region, and complete the main transmission channel projects such as Dalat-Yongsheng domain and Fengzhen-Zhang Jiafang, as well as the main power grid projects of 220 kV and 1 10 kV in the region. By the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the national installed power capacity will reach130,000 kilowatts, the power generation will reach 70 billion kWh, and the power delivered will reach 37 billion kWh. Accelerate the industrialization of coal liquefaction technology, actively cooperate with Shenhua Group, and build a coal-to-oil project with an annual output of 2.5 million tons as soon as possible. Actively develop clean energy, new energy and renewable energy, speed up the development and utilization of natural gas, build a gas pipeline from Wushenqi to Hohhot in Ordos gas field, gas distribution projects in cities such as Hohhot, Baotou and Dongsheng, and natural gas chemical bases; Promote the use of clean coal and vigorously develop wind, light and geothermal resources.
Relying on abundant and cheap power resources, we will develop high-energy industries, realize coal-electricity metallurgy and coal-electricity joint venture, promote the development of coal-electricity industry, and focus on building high-energy industrial parks in Wuhai and surrounding areas. Accelerate the development of new materials with Inner Mongolia characteristics, focus on the development and production of nano-materials alloy powder, nano-calcium carbonate, rare earth modified MC nylon and other new material products, and form a new industrial scale. Adopt advanced and applicable technologies, accelerate the upgrading and transformation of traditional raw material industries, strive to improve the level of technology and equipment, and build Inner Mongolia into an important raw material production base in China.
(3) Rare earth industry
The development of rare earth industry should focus on key points, do something different, give full play to the advantages of light and medium rare earths in Inner Mongolia, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses. According to market demand, first, moderately concentrate, optimize and steadily develop upstream rare earth products, and strengthen, consolidate and improve the construction of rare earth raw material production bases. Second, on the basis of optimization, highlight the development of rare earth midstream products, improve the quality and grade of existing products, so that the production of midstream products such as rare earth oxides, mixed rare earth metals and single rare earth metals in the whole region can meet the needs of different levels of markets at home and abroad, and become a distribution center for rare earth midstream products in the world. Third, selectively develop downstream products and application products of rare earth, continue to do a good job in the application of rare earth in traditional industries, develop rare earth steel, rare earth aluminum and metal materials, rare earth drought-resistant water-retaining agent, rare earth feed additives, rare earth micro-fertilizer and other products, increase the application of rare earth in high-tech fields, and develop high-tech application products such as rare earth hydrogen storage alloy, rare earth polishing powder, NdFeB permanent magnet material, nickel-hydrogen power battery and rare earth permanent magnet motor. Fourth, give full play to the advantages of rare earth scientific research talents, establish a backbone technological innovation system based on Baotou Rare Earth Research Institute, strengthen the research and development of rare earth technology products, and strive to approach the international leading level in rare earth technology, new materials and new products. By the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, Inner Mongolia will be the most important research, production and export base of rare earth raw materials, hydrogen storage materials, nickel-hydrogen power batteries and other rare earth application products in China and even the world.
In addition, biological high-tech industry and grassland cultural tourism are sunrise industries developed in Inner Mongolia in recent years, and they also have good development advantages.
Bio-high-tech industry: Based on the rich resources of Chinese and Mongolian medicinal materials and animal organs, develop Mongolian medicine, modern biochemical drugs and microbial engineering products with Inner Mongolia characteristics. Focus on the secondary development of Mongolian medicine, apply modern advanced and applicable technologies, accelerate the development of modern products of Mongolian medicine, build a development and production base of Mongolian medicine, and build a national brand. Using microbial and enzyme engineering technology, we will develop and produce new industrial microbial powders, enzyme preparations, functional foods and additives, microbial feeds, microbial pesticides and microbial fertilizers. We will continue to strengthen the production of biopharmaceuticals such as sheep placenta, immunosuppressive peptide preparations, golden bifidus preparations and bifidus transgenic anticancer drugs.
Grassland cultural tourism: Make full use of the unique natural tourism resources and cultural tourism resources in Inner Mongolia, develop six tourism products: grassland tourism, historical and cultural tourism, ethnic customs tourism, border tourism, desert tourism and ice and snow tourism, and focus on building eight characteristic tourism development zones, such as Hulunbeier grassland eco-tourism zone, Xilingol grassland folk tourism zone and Erdos Chengling ethnic customs tourism zone. By the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, we will strive to make the total tourism revenue reach 7.7 billion yuan, accounting for 4.5% of the region's GDP, and develop tourism into a new economic growth point in Inner Mongolia.
Three. Measures to promote the development of Inner Mongolia's characteristic economy
(a) increase investment in ecological and infrastructure construction, and create a characteristic economic development environment.
Infrastructure and ecological environment are the foundation and important guarantee for economic development. Inner Mongolia's infrastructure such as water conservancy, transportation, energy and communication is relatively backward, and its ecological environment is harsh. We should continue to increase investment in this area and create a good environment for the development of characteristic economy. First, continue to strive for more central financial funds to invest in infrastructure and ecological construction; Second, actively strive for the state to arrange more policy bank loans, preferential loans from international financial organizations and foreign governments in infrastructure and ecological construction projects; Third, actively strive for commercial banks to increase credit investment in infrastructure and ecological construction; Fourth, the regional finance should also increase the proportion of investment.
(2) Formulate industrial-oriented policies to guide the coordinated development of regional economy.
In the implementation of the western development, in order to prevent rushing headlong into a rush and causing a new round of redundant construction, relevant departments should formulate industrial development-oriented policies in time. According to the resource characteristics, own advantages and development foundation of each union city, formulate the regional layout plan of each industry, put forward the development priorities of each region, and give guidance from the aspects of project approval and fund arrangement, so that funds, technology, talents and other factors can flow to the planned key areas and promote the coordinated development of regional economy.
(3) Increase policy support and accelerate the formation of a characteristic economy.
The development of characteristic economy, the formation of scale advantage as soon as possible, and the promotion of industrial structure adjustment can not be separated from the support of policies such as investment, finance, taxation, utilization of foreign capital, foreign trade and attracting talents. In terms of investment policy, we should increase investment in characteristic industries, and support and guide the development of characteristic industries by setting up special development funds for characteristic industries or subsidizing bank loans. In terms of financial policy, it is necessary to increase credit investment in characteristic industries, and appropriately extend the loan period for characteristic industrial projects with large investment and long construction period. In terms of tax policy, tax reduction or exemption should be given to characteristic industries. In the policy of utilizing foreign capital, foreign investors are encouraged to invest in characteristic industries and further broaden the channels of utilizing foreign capital. In terms of foreign trade policy, it is necessary to further expand the autonomy of foreign trade operations of enterprises in characteristic industries and increase support in export tax rebates and export quotas. On the policy of attracting talents, it is necessary to formulate policies that are conducive to attracting and retaining talents and guide the rational flow of professionals.