The trade surplus means that the total export trade of a country is greater than the total import trade in a particular year, which means that the country is in a favorable position in foreign trade in that year.
The size of the trade surplus largely reflects a country's foreign trade activities in a specific year. Under normal circumstances, it is not appropriate for a country to maintain a large foreign trade surplus for a long time, because it is easy to cause friction with relevant trading partners. For example, one of the main reasons for the market fluctuation of bilateral relations between the United States and Japan is that Japan has been in a huge surplus for a long time. At the same time, a large amount of foreign exchange surplus usually leads to the increase of local currency in a country's market, which is easy to cause inflationary pressure and is not conducive to the sustained and healthy development of the national economy. ?
The more trade surplus is not necessarily good, too high trade surplus is a dangerous thing, which means that the growth of domestic economy is more dependent on external demand than at any time in the past few years, and the dependence on foreign countries is too high.
The huge trade surplus has also brought about the expansion of foreign exchange reserves, which has brought greater appreciation pressure to the RMB, and also given the international trade protectionist forces an excuse to reflect the undervaluation of the RMB with the huge trade surplus. This has increased the pressure of RMB appreciation and financial risks, and increased the cost and difficulty of RMB exchange rate mechanism reform.
The relatively simple countermeasure is to stimulate domestic consumption. ? Studying the development of a country's foreign trade mainly depends on the foreign trade balance table published by the government regularly. Generally speaking, the balance sheet contains statistical data showing exports and imports systematically, which can generally reflect a country's foreign trade and even national economic development in a specific period. A country's foreign trade is divided into trade surplus, trade deficit or trade balance according to the situation that exports are greater than, less than or equal to imports. The trade surplus is represented by a positive number and the trade deficit is represented by a negative number.