A: The ultimate goal of monetary policy is the starting point and destination of the central bank's organization and regulation of currency circulation, and it must serve the overall goal of the national macroeconomic policy. Therefore, the ultimate goal of monetary policy is consistent with the macroeconomic goals of the whole country. As far as most countries are concerned, it mainly includes price stability, full employment, economic growth and balance of payments.

The goal of monetary policy is the same. There is usually a positive correlation between full employment and economic growth. Generally speaking, the policies, measures and means adopted to achieve the goals of full employment and economic growth are basically the same. Economic growth is the material basis of other goals. The balance of international payments is conducive to the realization of other goals. Price stability is the prerequisite for achieving other economic goals.

Contradiction of monetary policy objectives: there is a contradiction between stable prices and full employment, and there is a trade-off between inflation rate and unemployment rate. Stabilizing prices and economic growth are the core contents of a country's monetary policy objectives, but in the short term, there are contradictions and conflicts between them. There is a contradiction between price stability and international balance of payments. Under normal circumstances, when there is a deficit in the balance of payments, foreign exchange reserves will decrease, money supply will decrease, and the price level will fall. If there is a surplus in the balance of payments, it will increase foreign exchange reserves and money supply, leading to an increase in the price level. Price stability also has an important impact on the balance of payments. When the domestic price is unstable and inflation occurs, the domestic currency depreciates compared with the foreign currency without inflation, and the price of foreign goods is cheaper, which is conducive to the import of foreign goods and is not conducive to the export of domestic goods. If this situation continues for a long time, there will definitely be a deficit and imbalance in the balance of payments. The contradiction between economic growth and balance of payments lies in that economic growth will inevitably bring about the demand for imports and easily lead to the balance of payments deficit; In order to promote economic growth, it is necessary to attract and utilize foreign capital, which may lead to a deficit in capital account.