First, the dislocation of multilayer modifiers.
Some sentences often have multiple modifiers before the head word, and their arrangement must pay attention to a certain order or conform to certain language habits, otherwise it will lead to the dislocation of modifiers, the most common being the dislocation of multiple attributes or adverbials.
(A) improper word order of multiple attributes
The general law of multiple attributives is: the attributive indicating possession or time and place is farthest from the head word; Second, verbs and verb phrases that express the head word "how"; Thirdly, adjectives and adjective phrases indicating what the head word is; The nearest to the head word is a noun or noun phrase that means "nature", for example:
1, an excellent female basketball coach with more than 20 years' teaching experience in the national team.
2. Two excellent Chinese teachers with 30 years' teaching experience in our school were elected as representatives of the Municipal People's Congress.
Analysis: Our school should be moved to the front, and "Excellence" should be placed after "teaching age". Belongs to multiple attributes, and the word order is improper. The word order of multiple attributes is generally: possessive case+quantity+verb (phrase)+adjective+noun+head word.
(B) the order of multiple adverbials is improper
According to grammatical rules and language habits, the order of multiple adverbials is generally as follows: the word farthest from the central word should be the word indicating time, reason and purpose; Followed by adjectives or general adverbs; Third, words indicating place or direction; The nearest to the head word is an adjective indicating the state. For example:
1, he buried in the library all day on Sunday.
2. After the founding of New China, our motherland is no longer a country arbitrarily insulted and plundered by imperialist powers.
Analysis: The adverbial "arbitrary" should be moved after "big country". It belongs to a multi-level language with improper word order. The word order of multilayer adverbials is generally: condition+time+place+scope or negation+degree+modality+object+head word. For example, several SARS rehabilitation workers, accompanied by medical staff yesterday, were very happy to see their families in the hospital.
If there is an object-oriented phrase, then the object-oriented phrase must be close to the head word.
3. Different from writers, photographers don't pour their feelings about mountains and rivers, vegetation, cities and villages into their works, but focus directly on the lens. (2004 Hunan Volume)
Analysis: We should move "no" to "feel yourself"
Second, modifiers and head dislocation
To diagnose the reason of this sentence, we can use the method of tightening the sentence. Only the main component of the sentence is left, that is, it is easy to find the reason. For example:
1, the cold wind blowing on my face gave me a cold war.
Analysis: the word "can't help it" in the sentence should be modified by "hit". Let it modify the predicate "make" of "cold wind" here, which leads to the inversion of word order and improper level. "Can't help it" should be moved before "hit".
I think most teenagers are good.
Analysis: The word "most" in the sentence should be modified by "juvenile", but the "juvenile" here should be modified by "most". The word order should be reversed, and the positions of "teenagers" and "most" should be reversed.
3. As a kind of consumer credit, student loan has great market demand potential. Vigorously developing this loan business provides an opportunity for commercial banks to explore the credit market and cultivate business growth points.
Analysis: "student loan" belongs to a kind of "consumer credit" and should be changed to "student loan as consumer credit" Attributive and head are misplaced,
Good balance of payments and sufficient foreign exchange reserves have played an important role in resisting the impact of this national financial storm.
Analysis: We should add "de" after "sufficient" and transfer it to "sufficient national foreign exchange reserves" to make it have the same structure as the first sentence. Attributive and attributive are misplaced.
Third, the clauses in complex sentences are out of order.
This disease often appears in progressive, inheritance and causal complex sentences.
Improper order of clauses is mainly manifested in two aspects.
First, some sentences at the same level are out of order. For example:
If you can learn more than your predecessors, don't be complacent and brag about your achievements, otherwise you will plummet and stagnate.
There should be a difference between "plunge" and "stagnation" in the example. Stagnation precedes plunge. And the degree is relatively light. It is customary to put semantic emphasis behind, and the two should be reversed to show the progressive relationship.
Second, the order of clauses at different levels is chaotic. For example:
We should inherit the fine tradition of diligent study of our predecessors. Study hard and carry forward!
In the example, "inheriting" tradition and "carrying forward" it are closely linked, while "studying hard" is the actual expression of "inheriting" and "carrying forward" tradition, and now it ranks in the middle, separating "inheriting" from "carrying forward". We should inherit the fine tradition of diligent study of our predecessors. And carry forward and study hard.
1. This charity activity of planting trees to help students not only accelerated the greening construction in the suburbs of Beijing, but also mainly planted seedlings in Gong Li in late autumn. (03 Beijing Volume)
Analysis: "Not only ... but also ..." The table is gradual. Progressive relation complex sentence is the latter clause that goes further than the previous clause. It is reasonable to say "planted saplings" before "can be built".
The poor dog is lying on the ground, dying, with scars all over his face. At this time, he has been unable to bark.
Analysis: describe things in an orderly way. This sentence should be "scarred" and then "dying". Besides, "dying" and "unable to call" are more closely related and should be linked together.
3. Due to the worldwide water crisis, surface water and underground water have been polluted to varying degrees, and the water quality is deteriorating.
Analysis: Water pollution and water quality deterioration are the causes of the world water crisis, which should be changed to "the world water crisis is caused by the deterioration of surface water" or "the cause of the world water crisis is the deterioration of pollution". This is a causal inversion.
4. Incorrect position of related words
1. Due to the low technical level, these products are either lower in quality than similar products in coastal areas or higher in cost. (04 Beijing Volume)
Analysis: In complex sentences, if the subjects of the clauses before and after are the same, the related words of the previous clause should be placed after the subject; On the contrary, it is placed before the subject. This sentence is a complex sentence indicating causality, and the result part is "these … high" or a complex sentence. The subjects of the two clauses are different, namely "quality" and "cost", not "these products", so "no" should be placed before "quality".
2, some inflammation, western medicine can cure, Chinese medicine can still cure, not only Chinese medicine can compete with general antibiotics, but also has small side effects and low cost.
Analysis: "not only" should be transferred to "traditional Chinese medicine", because the subject of the latter clause is also "traditional Chinese medicine"
Fifth, the word order of coordinate structure is chaotic.
1, the document has made detailed provisions and profound exposition on some problems in the economic field in theory and policy.
Analysis: "Detailed rules" and "profound explanation" are reversed, or "in theory" and "in policy" are reversed, otherwise they are not corresponding.
Tolstoy's memory and observation are amazing. He can capture images quickly and store them in his mind for a long time. When he needs to create, he can "shout" them out.
Analysis: Different from the sentence 1 1, this sentence can only switch the position of observation and memory in the first half of the sentence, which corresponds to the position of "capturing images" and "storing for a long time" in the second half of the sentence, because the juxtaposition phrases have a strong logical order.
Six, the subject and object dislocation
1, the name Jiao may be unfamiliar to young people, but it is familiar to middle-aged people.
Analysis: "the name jiao" is an object, which can be changed to "young people are unfamiliar" ... but middle-aged people are familiar with it.
Seven, improper position of function words
1, after repeated explanations by the old director, his anger subsided, and finally he managed to show a smile on his face.
Analysis: the preposition "Guo Jing" is at the beginning of the sentence, which drowns the subject. It should be moved to or deleted after the "old director" to restore the main position of the "old director". A sentence that begins with a "preposition" must consider whether it is missing a subject.
Due to the bribery scandal, six members were expelled from the International Olympic Committee. The next day, the world's major newspapers reported this event that shocked the international sports world in detail. (1999 national topic)
Analysis: The prepositional phrase "about" or "about" is changed to "right" and "right".
As for my application for information major, it is an established policy, and which institution I prefer is still under consideration.
Analysis: The table "As for" mentions another thing, which can only be used for the latter thing, but this sentence puts it before the first thing "What major to apply for", which is inappropriate and should be placed before "which college".