1, surplus:

Surplus refers to the balance of payments, also known as "balance of payments surplus". In a certain period of time (usually one year), the difference between the total income of foreign economic exchanges between countries is greater than the total expenditure, which is a surplus. It usually starts with "+".

2. Deficit:

In foreign trade, if a country's import volume exceeds its export volume in a certain period of time, it is called surplus, that is, trade deficit, or trade deficit. The deficit of international trade, under the condition of gold standard currency, needs to export gold to export surplus countries to pay off debts, otherwise trade cannot be reached. Under the credit currency system, there are diametrically opposite economic interests according to the different currencies used.

Extended data:

To maintain a moderate surplus in current account, we must adjust the import and export structure, increase the opening of current account and improve the system of foreign exchange settlement and sale. Adjusting the import and export structure is mainly to consider increasing imports appropriately while attaching importance to exports.

Pay attention to optimizing the import structure when increasing imports. The government should encourage enterprises to introduce applicable technologies and equipment, and intensify technological transformation and industrial upgrading; Increase the import of strategic materials such as oil and minerals; Promote imports by expanding infrastructure construction, developing education, tourism and consumption growth.

The large surplus provides a good foundation for the opening of the current account. Relaxing the foreign exchange management of current account of enterprises and individuals and increasing the amount of foreign exchange sales can not only better meet the needs of enterprises and individuals, but also promote foreign economic relations and trade.

It is also conducive to regulating foreign exchange reserves. At the same time, because the capital account has not been liberalized, in order to prevent the capital account from being remitted from the current account, the government needs to regulate the current account, mainly by verifying its authenticity.

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