1, meaning and basic attributes of goods: ★

(1) The meaning of goods: labor products used for exchange (2) Two basic attributes of goods: ① Use value-the attribute that goods can meet people's needs, that is, usefulness. ② Value (essential attribute)-undifferentiated human labor condensed in commodities.

2. The concept and essence of money: ★ (1) The concept of money: separated from commodities, it can be used as commodities in common equivalents, and also has use value and value. )

(2) The essence of money: universal equivalent (the difference from other previous universal equivalents is mainly whether it is fixed or not).

3. Two basic functions of money: basic functions: measure of value and means of circulation.

(1) Value scale: ① Meaning: the function of money to express and measure the value of all other commodities. (For example, a kilo of apples and 5 yuan money) ② Reason: Money itself is a commodity and valuable. 3 requirements: only conceptual currency is needed.

(2) Means of circulation: ① Meaning: the function of money as a medium of commodity exchange. (for example, 5 yuan spent a catty of apples) 2 requirements: real money must be used. (3) Commodity circulation: commodity exchange with money as the medium. Formula: commodity-currency-commodity.

4. The meaning of paper money and its issuing rules: ★

(1) The meaning of paper money: a mandatory value symbol issued by the country (or some regions). (This is also the reason why although paper money has no value, it can buy goods; Paper money is only a symbol of value. It has no value in itself, but it has use value. )

(2) Advantages of paper money: low cost, easy to keep, carry and transport, and can avoid the abrasion of coins.

(3) the law of paper money issuance: the circulation of paper money must be limited to the amount of money needed in circulation.

(4) The amount of money needed in circulation is directly proportional to the total price of goods (quantity of goods for sale * price level of goods) and inversely proportional to the speed of money circulation. Expressed as: total price of goods (quantity of goods for sale * price level of goods)/currency circulation speed.

5. The significance and function of credit card: ★

(1) Meaning: an electronic payment card with some or all functions such as consumption, transfer settlement, cash deposit and withdrawal, credit loan, etc.

(2) Functions and advantages: It integrates deposit and withdrawal, consumption, settlement and inquiry, which can reduce cash use, simplify collection procedures, facilitate shopping and consumption, enhance consumption safety and bring many conveniences to cardholders.

(3) Bank credit card holders can spend money at the consumption place designated by the issuing bank, and can also deposit and withdraw cash or transfer money at the designated business institution.

6. Foreign exchange and exchange rate: ★( 1) Foreign exchange is a means of payment expressed in foreign currency for international settlement. (Not all foreign currencies are foreign currencies)

(2) Exchange rate: also known as exchange rate, it is the exchange rate between two currencies. (As long as it is between two currencies, it is not necessary to use RMB.)

7. Establish a correct view of money: ★★★★

(1) The significance of money in modern economic life: In a sense, money is a symbol of wealth. (2) To establish a correct view of money: ① Take money appropriately. Make money through proper means, and get rich through honest labor and legal management.

For money, we should use it profitably and properly. We should spend our money where we need it most and do the most meaningful things.

8. Influence of supply and demand on commodity prices: ★★★

(1) The influence of various factors on commodity prices is realized by changing the relationship between supply and demand of commodities.

(2) How does supply and demand affect prices? (1) the demand exceeds the supply, and the price rises. (2) Supply exceeds demand and prices are reduced.

9. Relationship between price and value: ★★ (1) Price is determined by value. Value is the basis of price, and price is the monetary expression of value.

(2) the level of commodity prices, because they contain different values. Other things being equal, the greater the commodity value, the higher the price; The smaller the value, the lower the price. The two are in direct proportion.

10, the value of goods is determined by socially necessary labor time: ★★ (1) Socially necessary labor time: the time required to manufacture a certain commodity under the existing normal social production conditions and the average social labor proficiency and labor intensity.

(2) Determinants of value: not determined by individual labor time, but by socially necessary labor time for producing goods.

(3) The value of commodities is directly proportional to the socially necessary labor time. The more socially necessary labor time a commodity consumes, the greater its value, and vice versa.

1 1, the significance of improving the labor productivity of enterprises: ★★ (1) The value of goods is determined by the socially necessary labor time, so the individual labor time is lower than the socially necessary labor time (it can take the lead in price reduction competition) and is in a favorable position.

(2) This is the reason why producers strive to shorten individual labor time for producing commodities and improve labor productivity.

12. Contents and manifestations of the law of value: ★★★ (1) Contents of the law of value: The value of commodities is determined by the socially necessary labor time for producing commodities, and the exchange of commodities is based on value.

(2) Manifestation: (Affected by supply and demand) Commodity prices fluctuate around value.

(3) Value cannot express itself. Before money came into being, it was expressed by exchange; After money is produced, it is expressed by price. Equivalence exchange is the basic principle of commodity exchange, which does not exist in every specific exchange, but comes from a long-term dynamic process.

13. Impact of price changes: ★★ (1) Impact of price changes on life:

Generally speaking, when the price of a commodity rises, people will reduce their purchases; When commodity prices fall, people will increase their purchases. (2) Price changes have little effect on the demand for daily necessities, but have great influence on the demand for high-grade durable goods. (For example, if the price of rice goes up, you should buy it, and then wait until the price of gold goes up.)

(3) Consumers' demand for a specific commodity is influenced by the price changes of related commodities. If the two commodities are substitutes for each other (such as induction cooker and gas stove). If two commodities must be combined to meet people's needs, then they are complementary commodities (such as cars and gasoline).

(2) The impact of price changes on production: ① Adjust production ② Improve (individual) labor productivity ③ Produce marketable quality products.

14, the influence of income level and price level on consumption: ★

(1) Consumption is influenced by many factors, two of which are income level and price level.

(2) Income is the basis of consumption. ① Current disposable income affects consumption; ② Expected income will affect consumption; ③ The income gap affects the improvement of the overall consumption level of society. (3) Price changes will affect people's purchasing power. Generally speaking, when prices rise, people's purchasing power will generally decline, and vice versa.

15. Consumption type: ★ (1) According to different consumers, it can be divided into tangible goods consumption and labor service consumption.

(2) According to the different transaction methods, it can be divided into: money and goods liquidation consumption, payment consumption and rental consumption.

(3) According to the purpose of consumption, living consumption can be divided into survival consumption, development consumption and enjoyment consumption.

16, changes in consumption structure and Engel's coefficient: ★★

(1) The meaning of consumption structure: the proportion of people's various consumption expenditures in total consumption expenditures.

(2) The meaning of Engel coefficient: the proportion of food expenditure in total household expenditure. It is a coefficient reflecting people's consumption structure and consumption level.

(3) The relationship between Engel's coefficient and the change of consumption structure: The greater Engel's coefficient, the greater the proportion of food expenditure in total household expenditure, which will inevitably affect the development and enjoyment of information consumption, leading to a single consumption structure and low consumption level. The smaller Engel's coefficient, the more perfect and optimized people's consumption structure, and the higher people's consumption level.

(4) The decrease of Engel coefficient means the decrease of food consumption expenditure/the decrease of Engel coefficient means the decrease of the proportion of food consumption expenditure √.

17, the influence of consumer psychology on consumer behavior: ★ People's consumer behavior is mainly influenced by four kinds of consumer psychology, as follows:

(1) herd mentality: such as idolization and advertising by celebrities are all related to this mentality. It is not advisable to blindly follow the crowd. ② Psychology of seeking difference: This kind of consumption can sometimes promote the emergence of new technologies and products, but to show personality, we must consider social recognition and cost. Excessive originality is not worth advocating.

③ Comparison psychology: For some commodities, the purpose of people owning them is not its practical value and the fun it brings, but its "upward alignment", the show-off psychology when people don't have what I have or the comparison psychology when people have what I have. ④ Realistic psychology: When consumers choose goods, they often consider many factors, such as whether the value is cheap, whether the quality is good, whether the service is in place and whether the functions are complete. This is a rational consumption.

18. Establish a correct consumption concept and be a rational consumer: ★★★★

(1) Live within our means and spend moderately. The so-called moderate consumption includes two meanings: not lagging consumption and not leading consumption.

(2) Avoid blind obedience and rational consumption. Avoid following the trend, avoiding emotional consumption, and avoiding paying attention to material consumption while ignoring spiritual consumption.

(3) Environmental protection and green consumption. (1) The main purpose of green consumption is to protect consumers' health and save resources, which conforms to the standards of human health and environmental protection. Its core is sustainable consumption. ② The embodiment and requirement of green consumption, that is, 5R [a saves resources and reduces pollution; B, green life and environmental protection; C. reuse and reuse; D, classify, recycle and reuse; E, protect nature, everything * * *]

(4) diligent efforts. It is the embodiment of socialist concept of honor and disgrace to be proud of hard work and ashamed of extravagance and waste.

(2) A nation without the spirit of hard struggle can hardly stand on its own feet; It is difficult to overcome difficulties and achieve a career.

Unit 2 Production, Labor and Management

1. Relationship between production and consumption: ★ (1) Production determines consumption. Specific performance are:

Production determines the object of consumption, production determines the way of consumption, production determines the quality and level of consumption, and production creates power for consumption.

(2) Consumption has an important reaction to production, and the development of consumption promotes the development of production.

The new demand formed by consumption plays a guiding role in the adjustment and upgrading of production.

② Consumption is the purpose of production. ③ Consumption is the driving force of production. The emergence of a new consumption hotspot can often lead to the emergence and growth of an industry. (4) Consumption has created a new labor force for production, improved the quality of labor force and enhanced the production enthusiasm of workers.

2. Significance of vigorously developing productive forces: ① Vigorously developing productive forces is determined by the main contradiction of socialism in China and is the fundamental task and essential requirement of socialism. Only by vigorously developing productive forces can we lay a solid material and technical foundation for consolidating the socialist system and fully demonstrate its superiority; Only in this way can we continuously enhance our comprehensive national strength and improve our international status.

3. The embodiment of the dominant position of public ownership: ★★( 1) The content of public ownership economy: ① State-owned economy ② Collective economy ③ State-owned and collective components in mixed ownership economy.

(2) The dominant position of public ownership is reflected in two aspects: ① Public assets are dominant in the total social assets. As far as the whole country is concerned, some industries in some places can be different. ② The state-owned economy controls the lifeline of the national economy and plays a leading role in economic development. The leading role of the state-owned economy is mainly reflected in the control, that is, the ability to control the development direction of the national economy, the overall situation of economic operation and important scarce resources. State-owned economy must occupy a dominant position in important industries and key fields that are related to the lifeline of the national economy.

(3) the realization form of public ownership: all the management modes and organizational forms that embody the law of socialized production, such as joint-stock system and joint-stock cooperative system, can become the realization form of public ownership economy. Share-holding system is the main realization form of public ownership economy.

4. Non-public economy status: ★( 1) Non-public economy includes: ① individual economy ② private economy ③ foreign capital economy.

(2) The status of the non-public economy: it is an important part of the socialist market economy.

5. The content of the basic economic system in the primary stage of socialism in China, the reasons and significance of implementing this system: ★★★

(1) The content of the basic economic system in the primary stage of socialism: public ownership is the main body and various ownership economies develop together.

(2) Reasons for implementing the basic economic system with public ownership as the main body and multiple ownership economies developing together:

A is suitable for the unbalanced development of productive forces in the primary stage of socialism, and multi-level situation B meets the essential requirements of socialism.

(3) Significance: Practice has proved that it is conducive to promoting the development of productive forces, enhancing comprehensive national strength and improving people.

Living standard. Note: (2) and (3) often combine answers.

6. The meaning of enterprise: ★ An enterprise is an economic organization that aims at making profits, engages in production and business activities, and provides goods or services to the society.

7. The meaning of the company: ★ The company is a profit-making enterprise legal person established according to law, all funded by shareholders and existing in the form of shares.

8. The main factors of the company's business success: ★★( 1) Formulating the correct business strategy.

(2) Improve the ability of independent innovation, and rely on technological progress and scientific management to form their own competitive advantage.

(3) operate in good faith and establish a good reputation and corporate image. The reputation and image of an enterprise is an intangible asset of an enterprise and an important factor for the success or failure of its operation. ) Note: In addition ...

9. The meaning of labor and the role of employment: ★

(1) The importance of labor. (1) Labor is the mental and physical expenditure of workers, and it is the creation activity of material wealth and spiritual wealth. ② Laborers are the main body of the production process and play a leading role in the development of productive forces. Labor is the source of the progress and development of human civilization.

(2) the role of employment. Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood and an important means for workers to make a living, which is of great significance to the production and development of the whole society. (2) Employment combines the labor force with the means of production to produce the material wealth and spiritual wealth needed by society, so that social production can run smoothly. (3) Workers get paid through employment, thus gaining a source of livelihood, so that the social labor force can reproduce continuously. At the same time, the employment of workers is conducive to realizing their social values, enriching their spiritual life, improving people's realm, and thus promoting people's all-round development.

10. Establish a correct outlook on job selection: ★★★( 1) Establish an independent outlook on job selection. Decide what to do according to your own interests, specialties and conditions. (2) Establish a competitive employment concept. Self-employment should be achieved through competition in the labor market. We should study hard, improve our skills and quality, change our ideas and actively adapt to the needs of the labor market.

(3) Establish the concept of occupational equality. No matter what job you are engaged in, you can make a difference as long as you are down-to-earth and conscientious.

(4) Establish diversified employment concepts. Modern market economy and information technology lead to the diversification of employment forms, such as freelancing, flexible working days, temporary workers and so on, so we can choose more flexibly.

1 1. The main rights enjoyed by workers according to law: ★.

12. Safeguarding laborers' rights and interests according to law: ★★★★ Q: How should laborers safeguard their legitimate rights and interests?

Laborers enjoy rights on the premise of fulfilling their obligations. (2) China's implementation of the labor contract system and the signing of labor contracts according to law is an important basis for safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of workers.

③ Laborers should enhance their rights awareness and legal awareness. When the rights and interests are infringed, rights can be protected by means of complaint, negotiation, application for mediation, application for arbitration, and prosecution in court. They can't retaliate by illegal means.

13. Types of savings deposits: ★( 1) At present, there are two major types of savings in China: current savings and fixed savings.

(2) Current savings are highly mobile, flexible and convenient, and are suitable for storing the funds needed in personal daily life, but the income is low.

The liquidity of fixed-term savings is poor, and the income is higher than that of current savings, but generally lower than that of bonds and stocks.

(3) Bank deposits are relatively safe, but there are also risks of depreciation of deposits and regular early withdrawal under inflation.

14. China Commercial Bank and its main business: ★

(1) The main savings institutions in China mainly include commercial banks, credit cooperatives, postal enterprises and other institutions that handle savings business according to law.

(2) The meaning of commercial banks: China's commercial banks include China Industrial and Commercial Bank, China Construction Bank, China Bank, China Agricultural Bank and Bank of Communications.

(3) There are three main businesses of commercial banks: one is deposit business. This is the basic business of commercial banks. Second, the loan business. It is the main business of commercial banks and the main source of profits for commercial banks. Third, the settlement business.

15. Stock characteristics: ★

Stock is a high-yield and high-risk investment method with strong liquidity.

16. Characteristics of national debt, financial debt and corporate debt: ★

(1) The meaning of bond: bond is a debt certificate, that is, a debt certificate given by a fundraiser to an investor, which promises to pay the agreed interest within a certain period of time and repay the principal at maturity.

(2) Classification: At present, in China, bonds are mainly divided into treasury bonds, financial bonds and corporate bonds according to different issuers.

17. meaning and types of commercial insurance: ★ (1) meaning: (2) types: there are two categories: life insurance and property insurance.

(3) Only insurance companies established according to law can engage in insurance business.

18. Compare the similarities and differences of investment and financial management methods such as savings, bonds, stocks and commercial insurance: ★★★★

(1) Savings, bonds, stocks and commercial insurance are the main investment methods of Chinese residents at present.

(2) Current savings are flexible and convenient, with long fixed savings term, relatively fixed and strong accumulation, but the yield is lower than that of stocks and bonds. Compared with commercial insurance, savings do not bear risks such as accidents.

(3) Buying bonds can be divided into treasury bonds, financial bonds and corporate bonds.

(4) Buying stocks is the most risky, but the return is often the highest.

(5) Compared with other investment methods, buying commercial insurance can get the maximum compensation with the minimum investment when the risk occurs, and it is an investment method to resolve the risk.

Unit 3 Income and Distribution

1. Basic contents and requirements of distribution according to work: ★

(1) Distribution according to work is the basic principle of individual consumer goods distribution in socialist public ownership economy.

(2) The basic contents and requirements of distribution according to work are:

2. Distribution according to individual labor achievements of workers and distribution according to production factors: ★

(1) In the primary stage of socialism in China, in addition to distribution according to work, there are many other modes of distribution, mainly including distribution according to individual labor achievements of workers and distribution according to production factors. (The factors of production mainly include: land, capital, information, management, technology, information, etc. )

(2) There is distribution according to individual labor achievements in individual economy; Distribution according to production factors exists in private economy and foreign capital economy.

3. The objective inevitability of implementing the distribution system with distribution according to work as the main body and multiple modes of distribution coexisting in China: ★★★

(1) Direct cause: production determines distribution, and the form of ownership of the means of production determines distribution.

(2) The root cause is determined by the current level of productivity development in China.

(3) This is also the requirement of China's socialist market economy.

4. The main performance and significance of fair income distribution: ★★

(1) The fairness of income distribution is mainly manifested in the relatively equal of income distribution, that is, the income gap between members of society should not be too large, and people's basic needs should be guaranteed. There is an essential difference between the fairness of income distribution and egalitarianism.

(2) Fair social distribution is the embodiment of the principle of socialist distribution, which helps to coordinate the economic interests between people and realize economic development and social harmony. Fairness is the guarantee of improving efficiency, which is conducive to achieving the goal of * * * with wealth and embodies the essence of socialism.

5. The role of China finance: ★★★

(1) National finance is the material guarantee for promoting social equity and improving people's lives. (2) National finance can promote the rational allocation of resources. (3) National finance can promote the balanced operation of the national economy. When the economic growth is sluggish, adopt an expansionary fiscal policy, increase construction expenditure, reduce taxes, and stimulate total demand;

6. Source of fiscal revenue: ★ (1) The funds collected by the state through certain forms and channels are fiscal revenue.

(2) Fiscal revenue includes tax revenue, profit revenue, debt revenue and other income. Among them, tax is the most important source of fiscal revenue.

7. Type of fiscal expenditure: ★ (1) Fiscal expenditure is a process in which the state allocates and uses centralized fiscal funds.

(2) Expenditure on economic construction, science and education, culture and health, administrative defense, social security and debt.

8. Basic meaning of fiscal balance and fiscal deficit: ★ (1) Fiscal balance means that fiscal revenue equals expenditure in the current year, or revenue exceeds expenditure with slight savings, or expenditure exceeds revenue with slight deficit.

(2) The fiscal deficit refers to the part where the fiscal expenditure is greater than the fiscal revenue in that year, and the fiscal deficit must be controlled within a certain range.

9. The meaning of tax: ★

10, basic characteristics of taxation: ★★ 1) Compulsory, free and fixed.

(2) The relationship among them: The three characteristics are closely related and inseparable.

First, the freedom of taxation requires it to be mandatory, which is the guarantee of freedom;

Second, the mandatory and unpaid nature of taxation determines that it must be fixed.

Note: the tax rate adjustment approved by the state (tax department) not only does not violate the fixity of tax revenue, but is a manifestation of fixity.

1 1. Paying taxes according to law is the basic obligation of citizens: ★ (1) It is necessary for citizens to pay taxes consciously (that is, why they should pay taxes according to law).

As our country is a socialist country where the people are the masters of the country, this determines that the nature of our tax revenue is to take it from the people and use it for the people.

② National interests, collective interests and individual interests are basically the same. (3) Citizens who enjoy various services provided by the state must consciously and honestly undertake obligations and pay taxes.

(2) Four manifestations of violating tax laws

Tax evasion (deception, concealment, underpayment or omission), tax arrears (failure to pay on time, failure to pay in arrears), tax fraud (defrauding national tax preferences, such as export tax rebate or tax reduction or exemption), and tax refusal (violent tax refusal)

(3) Citizens must enhance taxpayers' awareness.

It is necessary to pay taxes consciously according to law. (sense of obligation to pay taxes according to law)

(2) Supervise the collection and use of taxes. (Right consciousness of supervision according to law)

Unit 4 Developing the Socialist Market Economy

1. The role of market allocation of resources: ★★

(1) Planning and market are two basic means of resource allocation. Market is the basis of resource allocation. The economy in which the market plays a fundamental role in resource allocation is the market economy.

(2) The market is the basis for allocating resources: there seems to be an "invisible hand" in the market (referring to the law of value or the regulating role of the market) guiding the allocation of commodity producers, operators, supervisors and property in the whole society.

(3) The positive role of market allocation of resources:

① The market can reflect the change of supply and demand through price fluctuation, transmit the information of market supply and demand, and realize the rational allocation of resources.

In the face of market competition, commodity producers and operators actively adjust their production and business activities under the influence of interest levers, thus promoting the progress of science and technology and management, promoting the improvement of labor productivity and the effective utilization of resources.

2. Significance and measures to standardize market order: ★★★

(1) Significance of standardizing market order: Only with a fair and just market order can the market rationally allocate resources.

(2) Measures to standardize market order:

① Formulate market rules. Market rules make specific provisions on all aspects of market operation in the form of laws and regulations, industry norms and market ethics. (Market rules mainly include market access rules, market competition rules and market trading rules)

② Strengthen the construction of social credit and improve the social credit system.

3. Limitations of market regulation: ★

(1) Market regulation is not everything.

(2) There are inherent disadvantages in market supervision, such as spontaneity (even for one's own immediate interests, even illegitimate interests ……), blindness (rushing headlong into the herd when it is profitable or unprofitable) and lag (market supervision is ex post facto supervision with a certain time lag).

4. Basic characteristics of socialist market economy: ★

(1) The socialist market economy is integrated with the basic socialist system, and the market plays a fundamental role in resource allocation under the macro-control of the state.

(2) the basic characteristics of the socialist market economy:

Adhering to the dominant position of public ownership is the basic symbol of socialist market economy.

(2) Take * * * prosperity as the fundamental goal.

(3) the state can implement strong macro-control (the inherent requirement of socialist market economy)

5. The meaning, main objectives and means of macro-control in China: ★★

(1) Meaning of macro-control: (2) The main objectives of macro-control are to promote economic growth (☆), increase employment, stabilize prices and maintain the balance of payments.

(3) means of macro-control ① economic means: refers to the measures taken by the state to influence and regulate economic activities through the adjustment of economic interests by using economic policies and plans. (for example, through price adjustment, tax rate adjustment and interest rate adjustment)

Legal means: refers to the means by which the state regulates economic activities by formulating and applying economic laws and regulations.

(3) Administrative means: means to regulate and manage the economy through administrative agencies and mandatory administrative orders, instructions and regulations.

(4) The allocation of resources should be based on market regulation, supplemented by macro-control; Macro-control should be based on economic and legal means, supplemented by administrative means.

6. New requirements for building a well-off society in an all-round way: ★ (1) Strengthen development coordination and strive to achieve sound and rapid economic development; (2) comprehensively improve people's lives.

(3) Building an ecological civilization, and basically forming an industrial structure, growth mode and consumption pattern that saves energy and resources and protects the ecological environment.

7. Implement Scientific Outlook on Development to promote sound and rapid development of the national economy: ★★★

(1) To achieve the goal of a well-off society in an all-round way, we must thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development (ideologically) and promote the sound and rapid development of the national economy (practically).

(2) Scientific Outlook on Development is an important guiding principle for China's economic and social development and a major strategic thought that must be adhered to and implemented in the development of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Its contents include (3) promoting the sound and rapid development of the national economy, and the specific requirements are:

① Improve the ability of independent innovation and build an innovative country. This is the core of the national development strategy and the key to improving the comprehensive national strength.

② Accelerate the transformation of economic development mode and promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. Adhere to the road of new industrialization with China characteristics, adhere to the policy of expanding domestic demand, especially consumer demand, and promote the transformation of economic growth from relying mainly on investment and export to relying on the coordinated development of consumption, investment and export, from relying mainly on the secondary industry to relying on the coordinated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and from relying mainly on increasing the consumption of material resources to relying mainly on scientific and technological progress, improving the quality of workers and management innovation.

③ Coordinate urban and rural development and promote the construction of new socialist countryside. It is necessary to strengthen the basic position of agriculture, take the road of agricultural modernization with China characteristics, establish a long-term mechanism to promote agriculture through industry and bring rural areas through cities, and form a new pattern of integration of urban and rural economic and social development.

④ Strengthen energy and resource conservation and ecological environment protection, and enhance the ability of sustainable development.

⑤ Promote coordinated regional development and narrow the regional development gap. Deepen the development of the western region, comprehensively revitalize the old industrial bases in Northeast China, vigorously promote the rise of the central region, and actively support the eastern region to take the lead in development.

8. The meaning, main performance and influence of economic globalization: ★

(1) The meaning of economic globalization: the carrier of economic globalization: multinational companies)

(2) The main manifestations of economic globalization: production globalization (foundation), trade globalization and capital globalization.

(3) The positive impact of economic globalization: promoting the development of productive forces. Specifically, it promotes the global flow of production factors, the perfection of international division of labor and the rapid development of international trade, thus promoting the efficiency of resource allocation and the development of productivity in all countries around the world, and providing a broader space for economic development in all countries.

(4) The negative impact of economic globalization.

Economic globalization is essentially dominated by developed capitalist countries.

(2) Economic globalization has aggravated the imbalance of world economic development, and the polarization is more serious.

(3) Economic globalization has intensified the instability of the global economy, especially posing a great threat to the economic security of developing countries.

9. Role and basic principles of the World Trade Organization: ★

(1) The role of the World Trade Organization: ① Actively organize multilateral negotiations. (2) International trade should formulate a series of basic principles and agreements. (3) Provide a place for members to solve trade frictions and conflicts.

(2)2006 54 38+0 China joined the WTO, which is an important strategic decision for China to cope with economic globalization and marks a new stage of opening up. It has won a good international environment for China's economic development, promoted the establishment and improvement of the socialist market economic system, promoted the improvement of the open economy level, promoted the optimization and upgrading of the domestic industrial structure, created a large number of employment opportunities, and improved people's income and living standards. Practice has proved that China's strategic decision to join the WTO is completely correct.

Basic principles of WTO: The most important principle is non-discrimination, including most-favored-nation treatment and national treatment.

Opening to the outside world is a long-term basic national policy of our country.

(2) Opening form: 1 1. Improve the level of open economy: ★★

(1) What is the "going out" strategy?

-"Going global" means developing economic and technological cooperation with other countries through various forms, such as investing and setting up factories overseas, contracting projects and exporting labor services.

(2) Implementing the "going out" strategy is an important measure in the new stage of China's opening up. From "bringing in" to "going out" means that China's opening up has reached a new level.

(3) How to improve the level of open economy?

① Combine "bringing in" and "going out" better, expand the opening field, optimize the opening structure, improve the opening quality, improve the internal and external linkage, mutual benefit and win-win, safe and efficient open economic system, and form new advantages in participating in international cooperation and competition under the condition of economic globalization.

Under the new situation, it is necessary to innovate the way of utilizing foreign capital, optimize the structure of utilizing foreign capital, and give full play to the positive role of foreign capital in promoting independent innovation, industrial upgrading and regional coordinated development. (brought in)

(3) Under the new situation, it is necessary to innovate ways of foreign investment cooperation, support enterprises to carry out international operations, production and sales in R&D, and accelerate the cultivation of multinational companies and internationally renowned brands. (going out)

(4) When opening to the outside world and developing foreign economic relations, China must always adhere to the principle of independence and self-reliance.