1. Financial forward: refers to the transactions conducted by both parties to the contract at the agreed price within a certain period of time, including forward foreign exchange contracts and forward interest rate agreements. Futures trading is usually signed by two financial companies or their customers, and the transaction is not conducted on a regular exchange. Therefore, futures trading is small in scale and flexible, and it is easy for both parties to negotiate according to their own wishes. During the validity period of futures contracts, the value of futures contracts will change with the change of market price or financial value of related assets, and the longer the futures trading period, the higher the degree of speculation and the higher the risk.

2. Financial futures: Financial futures are standardized contracts for buyers and sellers to trade at a certain price in a certain period of time in the future. At present, there are mainly interest rate futures, foreign exchange futures, bond futures and stock index futures. Financial futures contract is similar to futures contract, which is a way for buyers and sellers to trade at a certain price in a certain period of time. However, financial futures contracts are traded on organized exchanges, including the type, quantity, price, delivery time and delivery place of assets. The profit decision of financial futures is consistent with forward trading.

3. Financial option: A financial option is an option, that is, the buyer of the option has the right to buy or sell an asset or financial instrument at an agreed price within a certain period of time or within a certain period of time, or to give up this right when necessary. In order to obtain this right, the buyer in the option contract needs to pay a price, that is, the selection fee. There are two kinds of options, one is a call option and the other is a put option. The buyer of a call option has the right to purchase the asset at a specific price within a specific time; The buyer of a put option has the right to sell assets at a specific price in a specific period.

4. Financial swap: Also known as "financial swap", it means that within the validity period of the contract, the buyer and the seller exchange at a predetermined nominal principal and interest rate according to the agreed payment interest rate (interest rate, index rate of return, etc.). ). At present, there are mainly foreign exchange swap, interest rate swap, currency swap, bond swap and mortgage swap. Exchange contracts can be essentially divided into a series of futures contracts.