When foreign trade enterprises declare export tax rebates, the tax rebate department will often have doubts about whether the foreign exchange cost is too high or too low after the audit system examines the export tax rebate declaration data of export enterprises. When reviewing the adjustment doubts, the tax refund personnel verify that the foreign exchange cost is higher than the reasonable upper or lower limit for various reasons, and the tax or business personnel of the export enterprise feel that the foreign exchange cost calculated by the audit system is not completely consistent with the foreign exchange cost calculated by the export enterprise itself. Therefore, before the tax refund personnel verify the exchange cost or the enterprise tax collectors cooperate with the tax refund personnel to verify the reasons for doubts, they must truly understand the relationship between the cost of purchased goods, the expenses incurred, the exchange cost of export tax refund, the exchange cost of export enterprises and the foreign exchange quotation from the financial and business perspectives. Only by understanding these basic common sense can we have a correct judgment on the doubts in various situations.

First, the cost of goods.

The cost of export commodities can include production cost, processing cost and procurement cost. For trade-oriented export enterprises (foreign trade enterprises), the cost of goods is generally the purchase cost, which refers to the price of goods purchased by foreign trade enterprises from suppliers (the taxable amount on VAT invoices). In the export price, the normal purchase cost accounts for the largest proportion, so it becomes an important part of the price. Generally speaking, the price quoted by suppliers is the purchasing cost of foreign trade enterprises. However, because VAT is a transfer tax and needs to be borne by the buyer, the price quoted by the supplier includes VAT. Due to the tax refund policy for export goods, the tax paid by foreign trade enterprises to buy goods is refunded by the state in full or according to a certain proportion (goods with different tax rates). If it is a commodity with full tax refund, such as a commodity with a tax rate of 17% and a tax refund rate of 17%, the commodity cost is the purchase cost excluding tax. Because the tax paid by the buyer is returned to the enterprise in full by the state, the enterprise does not need to bear it. What needs to be emphasized here is that if the goods are used for domestic sales, the cost of the goods is also the purchase cost excluding tax, because the tax paid by the buyer offsets the sales tax of domestic sales and is passed on to the next purchase enterprise or consumer. If it is an export commodity (commodity with tax rebate rate difference) with a certain proportion of tax rebate, such as goods with tax rebate rate of 17% and 13%, the commodity cost should be the difference between the purchase cost and the tax rebate rate, because the difference between tax rebate rate and tax rebate rate is borne by the enterprise to increase the cost. That is to say, the actual purchase cost of the export tax rebate goods purchased by foreign trade export enterprises should be deducted from the tax-included purchase cost, so as to obtain the actual purchase cost.

The calculation process of actual purchase cost is as follows:

Tax-included procurement cost = procurement cost = goods price+VAT (VAT = goods price × VAT rate)

= price+price × VAT rate

= price of goods ×( 1+ VAT rate)

Price = purchase cost including tax /( 1+ VAT rate)

Export tax rebate = goods price × export tax rebate rate

Actual purchase cost = purchase cost including tax-export tax rebate amount

= price of goods ×( 1+ VAT rate)-price of goods × export tax rebate rate

= commodity price ×( 1+ value-added rate-export tax rebate rate)

= purchase cost including tax /( 1+ VAT rate) ×( 1+ VAT rate-export tax rebate rate)

Tax-included procurement cost = actual procurement cost /( 1+ VAT rate-export tax rebate rate) ×( 1+ VAT rate)

Thus, the following formula is obtained:

Tax-included procurement cost = actual procurement cost /( 1+ VAT rate-export tax rebate rate) ×( 1+ VAT rate)

Actual purchase cost = purchase cost including tax /( 1+ VAT rate) ×( 1+ VAT rate-export tax rebate rate)

Tax refund amount = purchase price including tax cost /( 1+ VAT rate) × export tax refund rate.

Financial accounting is the correct reflection of business process, and the above contents are illustrated by examples.

Example: The tax-included purchase cost (total price plus tax) of a product is RMB 65,438+065,438+07, including 65,438+07% of VAT. If the tax rebate rate of the product is 13%, the actual purchase cost of the product is:

Actual procurement cost =117/(1+17%) (1+17%-13%) =13%.

Financial accounting: when purchasing this product, it should be recorded that the debit of inventory goods increases by 65,438+000 yuan and the debit of VAT input tax increases by 65,438+07 yuan. According to this example, the following may happen:

1. If the product is used for domestic sales and the cost is carried forward at the same time after domestic sales, in short, 100 yuan is carried forward from the credit of inventory goods to the main business cost, then the actual purchase cost of the product is 100 yuan, and the input tax of 17 yuan is used to offset the output tax of domestic sales, and the tax is borne by the next buyer or consumer.

2. If the product is used for export sales, the tax refund rate is 17%, that is, 100 yuan is carried forward from the credit of the inventory goods to the main business cost, then the actual purchase cost of the product is also 100 yuan, and the input tax amount 17 yuan is carried forward to the export tax receivable account through the taxable income, and the tax is returned to the export enterprise by the state.

3. If the products are purchased with VAT invoices, and the export is tax-free (such as exporting gold-bearing products), and the input tax of 65,438+07 yuan is carried forward to the sales cost through the tax payable deduction, and the tax is borne by the enterprise, then the actual purchase cost of the products is 65,438+065,438+07 yuan.

4. If the products are used for export sales, the tax rate is 17% and the tax refund rate is 13%. To put it simply, 100 yuan is carried forward from the credit of inventory goods to the main business cost, and the input tax of 17 yuan is carried forward to the export tax rebate receivable of 13 yuan through the credit of taxable amount, and the sales cost of 4 yuan is borne by the enterprise.

Although the introduction of the above content is a very simple question, it does not simply explain what commodity cost is and how to calculate finance, but explains the composition of commodity cost caused by export tax rebate according to the principle of value-added tax diversion, so as to have a correct understanding of export tax rebate exchange cost of foreign trade enterprises and export exchange cost of foreign trade enterprises. Two, foreign trade enterprises export tax rebate exchange costs

The exchange cost of export tax rebate refers to the actual purchase cost of offshore RMB per 1 USD after export. The calculation formula is:

Exchange cost of export tax refund = actual purchase cost (RMB)//net foreign exchange income of offshore export (USD)

Actual purchase cost = purchase cost including tax /( 1+ VAT rate) ×( 1+ VAT rate-export tax rebate rate)

The export tax rebate audit system sets the exchange cost higher than the reasonable upper limit or lower than the reasonable lower limit, with the purpose of supervising and checking whether the export tax rebate is reasonable, because this is the only indicator in the current export tax rebate audit system that can relate the purchase and export. Although this indicator has some limitations in the audit of export tax rebate, it still plays a very important role in the supervision and inspection of export tax rebate.

The reasonable upper and lower limits of exchange cost are set according to whether it is higher or lower than the exchange rate. Generally speaking, the reasonable upper limit of exchange cost cannot be higher than the exchange rate. Any higher, the enterprise will lose money in export. In fact, the maximum ceiling should keep a certain distance from the exchange rate, so that enterprises can get a certain profit and continue to operate. The reasonable lower limit of foreign exchange cost is to consider the rationality index of export business In addition to high-tech, high value-added and monopolistic products, there is a certain space for enterprises to export ordinary goods, which cannot be profiteering. If it is too low, it may be that there are some problems in tax collection in procurement or settlement of foreign exchange in export. However, the reasonable upper and lower limits are only put forward for the general situation and have certain limitations. Many times, it is normal to have doubts about the cost of foreign exchange, so I won't list them here. Specific issues need to be implemented by the tax authorities. In order to implement it accurately, we must truly grasp the basic concepts such as commodity cost and foreign exchange cost, and analyze the principles of value-added tax and export tax rebate.

Third, the cost

From the business point of view, import and export transactions cross national boundaries, and the expenses incurred during them are various in names and calculation methods, which has become a complex aspect of price accounting. These expenses include: domestic freight, insurance, storage and operating expenses before domestic manufacturers deliver goods to foreign trade companies; Freight and miscellaneous fees, packaging fees, commodity loss fees, storage and storage fees and management fees related to the goods before the official delivery of the foreign trade company; Commodity quality certification fees, commodity inspection and customs declaration fees, port miscellaneous fees, taxes and bank charges during shipment, and export insurance premiums calculated after delivery. If the buyer is an intermediary, he has to pay a commission.

Among these expenses, except the calculation of export freight, export insurance premium and commission is slightly complicated, others can be added item by item. From the business point of view, these expenses seem intuitive, but from the financial point of view, they are nothing more than operating expenses, management expenses and financial expenses (period expenses). Before the expenses occur, it is necessary to calculate the foreign exchange cost of the enterprise to determine the profit and loss of this business, so it is necessary to estimate the expenses of this business. General enterprises determine an expense rate on the basis of purchasing cost, and then add or subtract it according to the actual situation. The expense ratio is generally calculated at (5%- 10%). Some enterprises strengthen management to reduce costs, and the expense ratio is slightly lower.

Fourth, the transaction cost of export enterprises.

According to the cost (actual purchase cost) and expenses of export commodities introduced above, the total cost of export commodities for export tax rebate can be calculated. According to the agreed foreign currency quotation (usually using FOB), the total export sales revenue and total export commodity cost can be calculated according to the bank purchase price, and the exchange cost and profit and loss of the transaction can be obtained by comparing with different indicators.

Export exchange cost, also known as exchange rate, refers to the RMB cost per dollar of net income after commodity export. Usually, the exchange cost is compared with the foreign exchange quotation at that time. If the exchange cost is lower than the quoted price, it can be guaranteed or profitable; if it is higher than the quoted price, it means a loss. The calculation formula is:

Export exchange cost = total cost of export commodities (RMB)//net foreign exchange income from offshore export (USD)

For example, the buying price of RMB against USD on that day is 100 USD = 8 1 1 RMB. If the exchange cost is calculated as 8.05 yuan, it is a profit, while the export exchange cost of another commodity is 8. 15 yuan, it is a loss.

The above example only reflects a method of calculating profit and loss by comparing exchange cost with foreign exchange quotation. In fact, enterprises deliver goods to the outside world according to export contracts or letters of credit and submit documents to banks, which reflects the transfer of ownership of goods and establishes the right to collect payment according to export contracts or letters of credit. Therefore, the accounting department should take the date of submitting documents to the bank as the basis for establishing export sales, that is, according to export invoices and other contents stipulated in the contract, "export sales" and receivables (payments) of foreign exchange accounts. This means that the time when the enterprise records the sales account is not the actual settlement time, but according to the middle price or the stipulated quotation, which is not completely consistent with the actual settlement amount. If you add and subtract exchange gains and losses, then the calculated amount of gains and losses is exactly the same as the above example. This problem can explain a problem, and if you master these basic knowledge, you can analyze the reasons why each index is different by analogy.

Five, the difference between the exchange cost of export tax rebate and the exchange cost of enterprises.

As can be seen from the above, there is a certain difference between the exchange cost of export tax rebate and the exchange cost of enterprises, that is, the exchange cost of export tax rebate does not provide fees to the tax rebate management system, because the export tax rebate audit system is aimed at all foreign trade enterprises, and the cost level of each foreign trade enterprise is inconsistent, so it is impossible to calculate the expense rate of each enterprise and comprehensively consider the actual situation of export enterprises. In addition, it is considered that the purpose of setting the exchange cost of export tax rebate is different from the purpose of calculating the exchange cost of export enterprises. The purpose of setting the exchange cost of export tax rebate is to find out the problems existing in export tax rebate, such as excessive quotation and tax fraud. The calculation of foreign exchange cost by export enterprises can be said to be the basis of the whole trade, which determines whether a transaction is feasible and the profitability and quotation level of the transaction. To carry out accurate and reasonable cost accounting, we must first clearly understand all kinds of costs and expenses at home and abroad in the export process, then make a correct quotation according to the expected profit, and finally calculate the profitability of the transaction according to the comparison index between the income calculated by the quotation and the total cost.

In general, the exchange cost of tax refund is lower than that of enterprises, and the cost is lower. If the cost of export tax rebate foreign exchange is equal to the foreign exchange quotation, it is bound to lose money. Because the cost part is not considered, the cost of export tax rebate foreign exchange will lose money as much as possible, so the upper and lower limits should be set.

The above introduction is a common sense problem that should be mastered. In order to understand its meaning more clearly, the export tax rebate of consumption tax goods is not considered. If it is a commodity with consumption tax refund, it can be clearly analyzed. According to the principle introduced above, the returned consumption tax should be used to reduce the cost of the commodity.