The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is a multilateral international treaty signed by 23 countries, including the United States, in Geneva on 1947 and came into force on 1948+0. The goal of GATT is to realize the liberalization of international trade, gradually reduce tariffs and eliminate various non-tariff barriers, so as to improve the living standards of all countries, ensure the huge and sustained growth of income and effective demand, expand the full utilization of world resources, and develop the production and exchange of commodities. What is the purpose of GATT? Contracting States "believe that in dealing with their trade and economic relations, they should strive to improve their living standards, ensure full employment, ensure a huge increase in real income and effective demand, expand the full use of world resources, and develop the production and exchange of commodities." The positive role of GATT? First of all, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade has formulated a "code of conduct" for international trade activities to regulate international trade behavior and order the international market. ? Second, GATT laid the foundation for international free trade by drastically reducing tariffs and restricting non-tariff barriers. Third, act as an international "commercial court" and play the role of trade arbitration. ? Fourth, promote the economic development of developing countries. Purpose and role of the World Bank: (1) Promote productive investment to assist the revival and development of member countries; Encourage underdeveloped countries to develop production and resources. (2) Promote foreign private investment in member countries by guaranteeing or participating in private loans and other private investments. In the absence of foreign private investment, under suitable conditions, we will use our own capital or raised funds to provide funds for the production of member countries to supplement the shortage of foreign private investment and promote the increase of foreign private investment in member countries. (3) Promote the long-term balanced development of international trade and maintain the balance of international payments by encouraging international investment to develop the production resources of member countries. (4) In loans, guarantees or other channels of funds, ensure that important projects or projects with tight time, regardless of size, can be given priority. (5) Take proper care of the domestic industry and commerce of member countries in business and protect them from the influence of international investment. To sum up, it is to guarantee or supply long-term loans to member countries in order to promote the development of resources and national economy of member countries, promote the long-term balanced growth of international trade and maintain the balance of payments. The purposes of the International Monetary Fund are: a) to establish a permanent international monetary institution to negotiate international monetary issues and promote international monetary cooperation; B) Promote the expansion and balanced development of international trade, improve the employment and real income levels of member countries, and develop the production resources of member countries; C) Promote exchange rate stability, maintain normal exchange relations and avoid devaluation of competitive currencies; D) Assist member countries to establish multilateral payment systems and eliminate foreign exchange controls that hinder the development of international trade; E) Assist member countries to improve their balance of payments, solve their balance of payments difficulties through loans and avoid taking measures that endanger the interests of other countries and international prosperity; F) Shorten the time and reduce the imbalance of international payments among member countries. The nature and function of the international monetary fund. 1. The International Monetary Fund is not only a specialized agency of the United Nations specializing in international financial business, but also a channel and forum for exchanges among member governments. 2. The International Monetary Fund has played a certain role in stabilizing the exchange rate and promoting the development of international trade. 3. The various loans provided by the International Monetary Fund have alleviated the balance of payments crisis of member countries to some extent.