The financial industry has the characteristics of index, monopoly, high risk, interest dependence and high debt management. Indicators mean that financial indicators reflect the overall and individual situation of the national economy from all angles, and the financial industry is a barometer of the development of the national economy.
On the one hand, monopoly means that the financial industry is strictly controlled by the government, and no unit or individual may set up financial institutions at will without the approval of the central bank; On the other hand, it refers to the relative monopoly of specific financial business. Credit business is mainly concentrated in the four major commercial banks, securities business is mainly concentrated in national securities companies such as Cathay Pacific, Huaxia and Nanfang, and insurance business is mainly concentrated in PICC, Ping An and Pacific Insurance.
High risk means that the financial industry is a distribution center for huge amounts of money, involving all sectors of the national economy. Any mistakes in business decisions of units and individuals may lead to "domino effect". Interest dependence means that financial interests depend on the overall interests of the national economy and are greatly influenced by policies. High-debt management means that the proportion of self-owned funds is lower than that of general industrial and commercial enterprises.
Extended data:
Development situation
bond market
In 2009-20 1 1 three years, the circulation of China's bond market was 8,647.5 billion yuan, 9,508.8 billion yuan and 6,962.5 billion yuan respectively. Among them, in 2009 and 20 10, compared with 2008, the issuance scale increased by 15748 and 2436 10, respectively (the issuance scale decreased in 2010, mainly due to the rapid decrease of central bank bills).
Among them, the issuance of non-financial corporate bonds (including corporate bonds, short-term financing bonds and medium-term notes) was157.49 billion yuan,152.93 billion yuan and153.33 billion yuan, respectively, all increasing by more than 80% compared with 2008.
Under the self-discipline management mode, China has successively introduced innovative products such as medium-term notes, short-term financing bonds for small and medium-sized enterprises, US dollar medium-term notes, collective notes for small and medium-sized enterprises, ultra-short-term financing bonds, and non-public directional debt financing instruments, which have been widely welcomed and praised by market participants. According to the statistics of the Bank for International Settlements, China's bond market has been ranked fifth in the world and second in Asia for several years.
insurance industry
For the insurance industry, 20 1 1 this year can be described as a few joys and sorrows. By the end of March, the 20 1 1 annual reports of the four insurance companies listed on the A-share market had all appeared, achieving a total operating income of 9014.46 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.61%; The net profit was 52.266 billion yuan, down 65,438+06.59% year-on-year, and the year-on-year growth rate was down 65,438+03.53 and 25.28 percentage points respectively compared with 2065,438+00.
Specifically, China Ping An performed the best, with operating income, net profit and net profit attributable to parent company increasing by 365,438+0.4%, 25.89% and 65,438+02.5% respectively, while China Life decreased by 0.87%, 45.365, 438+0% and 45.49% respectively.
Reference source: Baidu Encyclopedia-Financial Industry