Political knowledge points: "bringing in" and "going out"
To comprehensively improve the level of opening to the outside world, we must adhere to the basic strategy of combining "bringing in" with "going out"
The meaning of "bringing in": "bringing in" refers to introducing foreign capital, technology, talents and management experience.
Reasons for implementing the strategy of "bringing in": China's socialist modernization relies on its own strength, which is not enough to meet the needs of the rapid development of the national economy and needs to introduce foreign funds, technology, talents and management experience.
Measures to implement the strategy of "bringing in": ① Continue to expand the scale of foreign capital utilization and improve the level of foreign capital utilization. ② While utilizing foreign capital, we should introduce more advanced technology, management experience and high-quality talents in combination with the upgrading of domestic industrial structure.
The meaning of "going out": "going out" refers to developing economic and technological cooperation with other countries through various forms such as investing and setting up factories abroad, contracting projects abroad and exporting labor services.
Reasons for implementing the "going out" strategy: the international competitiveness of countries and enterprises is enhanced, and it is increasingly urgent to make full use of domestic and international markets and resources, optimize resource allocation, expand development space and promote China's economic development.
Measures to implement the "going out" strategy: ① Encourage and support enterprises of various ownership systems with comparative advantages to invest abroad, promote the export of goods and services, form a group of powerful multinational enterprises, and strive to diversify overseas investors. (2) Enhance the ability of independent innovation in science and technology, cultivate products with independent intellectual property rights and core technologies, improve the scientific and technological content of products, and optimize the export structure. ③ Enterprises should insist on winning by quality, cultivate famous brand products in China and establish a good international image of "Made in China". ④ Follow and make use of international trade rules to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises. ⑤ Adhere to the strategy of market diversification, expand investment fields, make full use of domestic and international markets, and participate in international economic and technological cooperation and competition on a larger scale, in a wider field and at a higher level.
High school political and economic life is prone to mistakes.
1. The essence of money is commodity. (? )
Analysis: This view is wrong. Money has the basic attributes of commodities, but it mainly expresses and measures the value of other commodities with its own value, and plays the role of universal equivalent.
2. Use goods with high value, and the price is also high. (? )
Analysis: There is no big or small use value. It is the property that commodities can meet people's needs, and it is the material undertaker of value. The use value does not determine the price of goods, but the price of goods is determined by value and affected by factors such as supply and demand.
3. The price increase is inflation. (? )
Analysis: In addition to inflation, there are also factors of rising prices, such as the shortage of commodities, the reduction of social labor productivity of producing commodities, and national macro-control. Price increase is an important feature of inflation, but not all price increases are caused by inflation.
It is a good thing that the RMB exchange rate has risen and the international purchasing power has increased. (? )
Analysis: it should be analyzed in two parts:.
(1) Exchange rate is the exchange rate between two currencies. The appreciation of RMB means that the unit foreign currency can be exchanged for less RMB. In a certain sense, it is beneficial to China's imports, but it is not conducive to China's exports and economic stability.
(2) A small appreciation of RMB to adapt to the macroeconomic situation will help optimize the structure of foreign capital utilization, improve the effect of foreign capital utilization, alleviate excessive foreign exchange reserves and maintain stable and healthy economic development.
(3) RMB exchange rate reform can only be carried out steadily, and maintaining the stability of RMB value is of great significance to the stability of people's lives, the sustained and healthy development of the national economy, and the stability of world financial and economic development.
The price change has no influence on the demand of daily necessities. (? )
Analysis: Price changes have little influence on the demand for daily necessities, but it is not without it.
6. The influence of substitutes and complementary commodities on the demand of established commodities is chaotic. (? )
Analysis: These two commodities are substitutes for each other. The price of one commodity rises, the demand decreases, and the demand of another commodity increases (in the opposite direction); Two complementary commodities, the price of one commodity rises, the demand decreases, and the demand of the other commodity also decreases (the change direction is the same).
7. Value determines price. With the change of commodity value, the price will also change. (? )
Analysis: The price of commodities is determined by value, and it is also influenced by factors such as supply and demand, macro-control and currency circulation. Therefore, the value of goods changes, and the price does not necessarily change.
8. The lower the price level, the higher the consumption level. (? )
Analysis: The consumption level is influenced by many factors, mainly the income level and the overall price level. In the case of a certain income level, a lower price level is conducive to improving the consumption level.
The consumption level is fundamentally restricted by the level of economic development and does not depend on the price level. It cannot be said that the lower the price level, the higher the consumption level of residents. The continuous decline in prices will affect the enthusiasm of production and investment, and ultimately affect the improvement of consumption level.
9. Expected consumption is ahead of consumption. (? )
Analysis: Expected consumption is not the same as advanced consumption. Although both of them have the characteristics of exceeding the current ability to pay, they are essentially different. Expected consumption insists on living within our means, emphasizing the feasibility and practicability of consumption. This kind of consumption is moderate and reasonable in nature. Advanced consumption refers to the serious deviation of consumption from expected income, which is a kind of consumption behavior that blindly compares with others and ignores reality.
10. All consumption can promote the development of production. (? )
Analysis: This statement is wrong. Production determines consumption, and consumption reacts on production. The reaction of consumption to production is dual. When the growth and change of consumption adapt to the growth and change of production, consumption promotes the development of production. However, the consumption level is too high or too low, which is incompatible with the development level of productive forces. It can not only promote the development of production, but also hinder the development of production.
1 1. Consumption sometimes determines production. (? )
Analysis: production determines consumption, and the reaction of consumption takes second place.
12. The public economy and the non-public economy have equal status. (? )
Analysis: The public ownership economy is the main body of the national economy, and the non-public ownership economy is an important part of the socialist market economy. As the main body of market economy, it has equal legal status; But it is unequal in ownership structure and basic economic system.
13. The bigger the enterprise, the better the economic benefit. (? )
Analysis: Generally speaking, maintaining a moderate scale of enterprises is conducive to making full use of enterprise resources, saving operating costs, increasing investment in science and technology, improving product quality and added value, thus improving the economic benefits of enterprises. Excessive scale of enterprises brings certain pressure to enterprise management, which leads to difficulties in management and reduces the ability to adapt to the market, thus wasting resources and affecting the economic benefits of enterprises.
14. It is the workers' own business to solve the employment problem. (? )
Analysis: Laborers have the right to choose their own jobs, but solving the employment problem is a systematic project that requires the efforts of the whole society.
15. Workers enjoy the rights stipulated by law, so their legitimate rights and interests are unconditional. Once one's own rights and interests are damaged, one must defend rights at all costs. (? )
Analysis: under socialist conditions, the rights and obligations of workers are unified, and the premise for workers to enjoy rights is to fulfill their obligations; Workers' rights protection must be through legal channels and means.
16. Shares can be transferred and returned, which is the unity of use value and value. (? )
Analysis: Stock is a kind of securities issued by a joint stock limited company to shareholders, which can be transferred but cannot be returned. Stocks are valuable securities that shareholders receive dividends, but they are not commodities and have no value. Because it can bring economic benefits and various rights and interests to buyers, it can be bought and sold.
17. China residents have various investment methods, so they can choose the high-yield investment method of "100%". (? )
Analysis: The higher the return on investment, the greater the risk. There is no "100%" high-yield investment method.
18. Giving consideration to fairness in income distribution means eliminating the income gap. (? )
Analysis: Giving consideration to fairness means to control the income gap within a reasonable range, so that the results of distribution can make people forge ahead and make the society full of vitality and vitality, rather than eliminating the income gap.
19. Allowing some people to get rich first violates the socialist principle of * * * common prosperity. (? )
Analysis: * * * The same prosperity cannot be understood as the simultaneous prosperity of all people and all regions. Only by encouraging some people to get rich first through honest labor and legal management can we inspire most people and drive more and more people to get rich.
20. The fiscal deficit is not conducive to economic development. (? )
Analysis: Whether the fiscal deficit is harmful or beneficial to economic development depends on whether finance and credit can achieve a comprehensive balance. If bank credit has a strong bearing capacity and finance and credit can achieve a comprehensive balance, the fiscal deficit will not harm economic development.
2 1. Fiscal policy and monetary policy are economic means of national macro-control, and there is no difference between them. (? )
Analysis: Both of them belong to the economic means of national macro-control, but there are differences: fiscal policy is formulated by the state and must be passed by the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee, and all policies related to fiscal revenue and fiscal expenditure, such as tax reform, issuance of government bonds, and purchase of grain at protected prices, belong to fiscal policy; Monetary policy is a series of bank-related policies directly formulated by the People's Bank of China, such as interest rate adjustment.
22. Macro-control is the main means to improve economic efficiency. (? )
Analysis: Under the condition of market economy, in order to survive and develop, enterprises must be market-oriented and constantly improve their competitiveness, thus improving their economic benefits. Improving economic benefits mainly depends on the role of market mechanism, not macro-control.
23. Socialist economy is a socialist market economy. (? )
Analysis: the socialist economy refers to the socialist economy based on public ownership, and the socialist market economy is an economic system that relies mainly on the market to realize resource allocation relative to the planned economy.
24. Macro-control should mainly rely on administrative means. (? )
Analysis: Under the condition of market economy, we should give full play to the overall function of macro-control means by giving priority to economic means and legal means, supplemented by necessary administrative means, and form a macro-control system conducive to scientific development.
25. The essence and core of Scientific Outlook on Development is economic growth. (? )
Analysis: The essence and core position of Scientific Outlook on Development is to adhere to people-oriented, take people's interests as the starting point and end result of all work, constantly meet people's various needs and realize people's all-round development.
26. Economic globalization is bound to benefit all countries in the world. (? )
Analysis: Economic globalization is essentially dominated by developed capitalist countries, and developed countries are the biggest beneficiaries of economic globalization. For the vast number of developing countries, only by seizing the opportunity, actively participating, pursuing advantages and avoiding disadvantages, preventing risks, and at the same time improving their ability to resist international economic risks and bravely meeting challenges can they benefit from economic globalization.
27. Implementing the "going out" strategy is the basic strategy for China to comprehensively improve the level of opening up. (? )