Economic globalization is the objective trend of the development of human history and the result of the continuous development of productive forces and the continuous improvement of the socialization of production. It realizes the optimal allocation of resources in a wider space, which is generally beneficial to the development of the world economy. However, economic globalization is both an opportunity and a challenge for developing countries. Since the end of the 20th century, the speed of economic globalization has obviously accelerated. Because the development process of economic globalization is under the leadership of capitalism, it is a further extension of capitalist mode of production in the world. Therefore, the vast number of developing countries are in a relatively unfavorable position in this process and face greater difficulties and challenges. Key words: economy, globalization and developing countries I: the meaning of economic globalization. Economic globalization refers to the global organic economy as a whole formed through foreign trade, capital flow, technology transfer, service provision, interdependence and interconnection. Economic globalization is one of the important characteristics of the contemporary world economy and an important trend of world economic development. The process of economic globalization has begun, especially since 1980s, especially since 1990s, the process of world economic globalization has been greatly accelerated. Economic globalization is conducive to the rational allocation of resources and production factors in the world, the global flow of capital and products, the global expansion of science and technology, and the economic development of underdeveloped areas. It is the performance of human development and progress, and the inevitable result of world economic development. But it is a double-edged sword for every country, which is both an opportunity and a challenge. Especially for developing countries with weak economic strength and relatively backward technology, the risks and challenges will be more severe in the face of fierce global competition. The urgent problem to be solved in economic globalization is to establish a fair and reasonable new economic order to ensure the fairness and effectiveness of competition. From the root, economic globalization is the product of highly developed productive forces and international division of labor, which requires further crossing the boundaries between countries and nations. Since the 20th century, economic globalization and the in-depth development of multinational corporations have not only brought great impetus to world trade, but also brought many uncertain factors to the economic and trade of various countries, resulting in many new features and contradictions. Therefore, it is of practical significance to study and understand this problem. Second, the understanding of economic globalization and the theoretical basis of carrier economic globalization (1) The understanding of economic globalization can be understood from three aspects: first, the strengthening of economic ties and the increase of interdependence among countries in the world; Second, the domestic economic rules of various countries are constantly becoming consistent; Third, the mechanism of international economic coordination has been strengthened, that is, various multilateral or regional organizations are increasingly coordinating and restricting the world economy. Generally speaking, economic globalization refers to the process of realizing market division, cooperation and mutual integration among countries through division of labor, trade, investment, multinational companies and factor flow, based on market economy, with advanced technology and productivity as the means and developed countries as the leading factor. (B) the carrier of economic globalization 1. Trade liberalization. With the accelerated development of global trade in goods, services and technology, economic globalization has promoted the formation of a multilateral trading system in the world, thus accelerating the growth of international trade, promoting the development of global trade liberalization, and enabling members joining the WTO to regulate their behavior with unified international norms. 2. Internationalization of production. As the fundamental driving force for the development of human society, productivity has greatly promoted the expansion of the world market. The scientific and technological revolution marked by the Internet has narrowed the time and space distance between countries, promoted the great changes in the world trade pattern and promoted the transnational flow of production factors. It not only puts forward the inherent requirements for production beyond national boundaries, but also prepares conditions for global production, which is the fundamental driving force of economic globalization. 3. Financial globalization, worldwide network of financial institutions, and a large number of financial businesses are carried out across borders, forming a system of transnational loans, transnational securities issuance and transnational mergers and acquisitions. The world's major financial markets are interconnected in time and linked in price, and trillions of dollars can be traded in a few seconds, especially the foreign exchange market has become the most liquid all-weather market in the world. 4. Globalization of science and technology. It refers to the optimal allocation of scientific and technological resources in various countries on a global scale, which is the latest expansion and rapid progress of economic globalization. It is manifested in the large-scale cross-border transfer of advanced technology and R&D capabilities, as well as the extensive cross-border joint R&D. With the information technology industry as a typical representative, the technical standards of various countries are becoming more and more consistent. By monopolizing the use of technical standards, multinational giants have controlled the development of the industry and gained a lot of excess profits. The four main carriers of economic globalization are closely related to transnational corporations, or transnational corporations are the promoters and undertakers of economic globalization and its carriers. Challenges faced by developing countries in the process of economic globalization. Economic globalization has greatly increased the economic instability of developing countries. Economic globalization has closely linked the economies of all countries in the world. In the process of economic globalization, the interdependence of countries' economies has been strengthened unprecedentedly. For example, the global spread of the economic crisis will seriously affect the economies of some developing countries. 2. Economic globalization makes wealth more and more concentrated in a few developed countries and interest groups, which aggravates the imbalance of economic development between developed and developing countries. This imbalance is mainly manifested in the widening gap between developed and developing countries. 3. Economic globalization has weakened the economic sovereignty of developing countries. In the process of economic globalization, the independence of economic sovereignty of developing countries (especially in fiscal, taxation and monetary policies) is facing more and more severe tests. There are roughly two different forms of this test. The first is the voluntary transfer of economic sovereignty. From the previous negotiations on tax reduction and trade liberalization in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (now the World Trade Organization) to the economic adjustment that countries were forced to make in order to obtain assistance from the International Monetary Fund in the financial crisis, these are all voluntary transfers of sovereignty to a certain extent. Generally speaking, this transfer is beneficial to the countries concerned, because they can get various expected benefits from it. The other is the erosion of economic sovereignty by transnational private economic forces. The most typical example is multinational corporations. Because the strategic goals of multinational corporations are rarely completely consistent with the economic development goals of the host country, they often show an instinctive resistance and evasion to many policies and measures of the host country. The experience of many countries shows that multinational enterprises are often the main responsible persons for large-scale currency speculation during the period of exchange rate turmoil. Obviously, in the process of economic globalization, developing countries that make great use of foreign direct investment should attach great importance to this aspect. 4. Environmental degradation and economic globalization are synchronized. The deteriorating ecological environment in developing countries under economic globalization also makes people feel uneasy and lack confidence in the future. Marketization, especially market expansion, urbanization, unreasonable distribution of wealth, excessive consumption of the rich and the "contagion" and "popularization" effects of their consumption patterns in developing countries are the main reasons for the global environmental degradation and deterioration. Four. The main measures for developing countries to cope with economic globalization. Promote regional economic integration and strengthen the trend of unity and self-improvement. At present, in the process of economic globalization, western developed capitalist countries are dominant, while developing countries are weak in economic strength, and a single developing country simply does not have the ability to compete with developed countries. In order to get as many economic benefits as possible in the process of economic globalization, developing countries should unite, carry out "South-South cooperation" and promote "North-South dialogue". In the same region or countries with similar situations, we should implement regional economic integration and open markets to each other to resist the impact of economic globalization and explore the way out for economic development. 2. Safeguard national economic sovereignty and ensure economic security. Developing countries should grasp the initiative of opening to the outside world, improve the degree of opening to the outside world and reduce their dependence on foreign countries. We should speed up the pace of opening up, improve the quality and level of opening up and expand the scope of economic activities. At the same time, we should pay attention to prevent the external dependence of the economy and eliminate the hidden dangers that threaten the national economic security. Developing countries should further actively participate in international economic organizations or their activities, and strive for the right to speak on the international economic stage and to formulate world economic rules. 3. Vigorously promote the strategic adjustment of the domestic economic structure. Most developing countries are facing the problem of industrial structure upgrading, but this upgrading is inevitably influenced and restricted by the two historical tasks of industrialization and modernization in developing countries. Therefore, developing countries must pay attention to the organic unity of being based on reality and focusing on the future when dealing with the relationship between world industrial structure adjustment and domestic industrial upgrading. We should continue to introduce advanced labor-intensive industries from developed countries, give play to their comparative advantages, increase domestic employment, expand exports, and complete the industrialization process. At the same time, we should make full use of the opportunities provided by economic globalization, increase the introduction and learning of advanced technologies from developed countries, and develop a number of high-tech industries. In particular, we should make use of some key links to seize the strategic commanding heights of future competition and accelerate the process of domestic modernization. V: To sum up, at present, economic globalization has shown great vitality, which has caused great impact on all aspects of the world economy, politics, military affairs, society, culture and even ways of thinking. This is a profound revolution that no country can avoid. The only way is how to adapt, actively participate in economic globalization and accept the test in the historical tide. Experience: After the "9. 1 1" incident, unstable factors in the international situation increased, threats in non-traditional security issues increased, and the international security situation became more complicated than before. But on the whole, the basic pattern of the world and the general trend of the international situation have not changed. Peace and development are still the themes of today's times. World multipolarization continues to develop in twists and turns. At present and in the future, the basic trend of the international situation is overall peace and local wars, overall easing of local tensions, overall stability and local turmoil. After the end of the Cold War, with the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the end of the Yalta system, the United States became the only remaining superpower in the world. The outline of the international basic pattern of "one super and many strong" has initially appeared, and the world has begun to show a multi-polarization trend. Although the "9. 1 1" incident hit the United States hard, it did not change the basic pattern of the world. From the perspective of comprehensive strength, the status of the United States as the only superpower has not wavered. The EU and Japan still have considerable economic and technological strength; Russia is still the only country in the world that can compete with the United States militarily, with great potential; China's economic strength is also growing rapidly, and its international influence is increasing day by day. There are intersections and conflicts of interests among big countries, and the balance of power remains relatively stable and balanced. Since the Bush administration took office, it has pursued a unilateralist policy and has tense relations with other major powers. The "911"incident forced the United States to make some adjustments in strategy and tactics, including changing its attitude towards other big powers to a certain extent and adjusting its relations with other big powers in the direction of cooperation and stability. Some changes have taken place in US-European relations, Russia-US relations and Sino-US relations. The "9. 1 1" incident did not lead to great power confrontation or international power imbalance. Generally speaking, the relations between major powers at the turn of the century have some characteristics: although 1 there are still various differences and conflicts of interest among major powers, they are no longer in the nature of all-round confrontation, and all countries avoid adopting this attitude to varying degrees. The economic ties between major countries are getting closer and closer. You have me and I have you, and there are more and more areas of common interest. The zero-sum nature of international relations is decreasing, while the nature of * * * is increasing. This feature makes countries tend to solve problems through political means such as dialogue, consultation and negotiation, and avoid going to extremes.