So why are there so many Italians in the Spanish colonies? And why do many people have dual citizenship of these two countries? Today, let's learn about the origin.
As the third largest economy in South America, Argentina is a developing country, but its development is not very rich, mainly because its civilization is relatively late. 1536 Spanish colonists came to Argentina and conquered the local aborigines with relatively advanced weapons.
In addition, the Spanish also brought many bacteria that indigenous people had never been exposed to, which led to a large number of deaths of indigenous people. Although the number of the first batch of Spain to Argentina was very small, Spain soon formed absolute control over it.
Because Argentina is rich in precious metal resources, Spain named Argentina after "money and jewelry".
Spain's colonial status lasted until 180 1, and the local indigenous whites joined forces with colonial forces and the May Revolution broke out. Although the Spanish army carried out cruel military repression, after six years of war, Spain's rule over this place became weaker and weaker. So Argentina successfully broke away from the Spanish colony in 18 16 and established an independent country.
However, the suzerain Spain still has certain influence and appeal. Due to the influence of Spanish culture during the colonial period, the national language of Argentina is still Spanish, and the Spanish language is used, and the national system is also based on Spain.
Italy used to be one of the European powers, but its strength was not so strong, and it was often looked down upon by other European countries, especially the performance of the Italian army in World War II, which was regarded as a joke.
So when Europe carved up the world, Italy rarely took advantage. Italy has established several small colonies in Africa, but there are no Italian colonies elsewhere.
When the European powers carved up South America, Italy also wanted to join in the fun, but it was directly rejected.
-But Italy is a small country with relatively scarce resources. If it continues, it will naturally be detrimental to its long-term development. Therefore, Italy is thinking of increasing the country's foreign exchange by exporting overseas Chinese and alleviating the pressure of social employment.
So Italy began to export expatriates to colonies in European countries. Italy's intention was quickly seen through by other European countries, and then other European colonial countries began to refuse Italian nationals to enter their colonies.
Such behavior is undoubtedly a blow to Italy, which will not be able to pass the immigration policy. However, the most perfect thing is that Argentina in South America soon became independent from Spain.
As a result, Italy, like grasping at straws, frantically exported Italian nationals to Argentina.
-Coincidentally, at that time, Argentina was vast, rich in resources, and lacked the manpower and material resources to develop society, so Argentina and Italy hit it off, and then spaghetti madly exported expatriates to Argentina. In order to facilitate expatriates, Italy and Argentina formally signed the dual nationality bill in 1899 to promote immigration.
How much does it cost for Italy to immigrate to Argentina? From 1880 to the end of World War I, Italy immigrated to Argentina for more than 2 million years. In recent years, the number of people from all over the world who immigrated to Argentina is less than 4 million.
-By 1940, the Italian population in Argentina had exceeded160,000, accounting for 50% of the total population of Argentina. With the continuous integration of nationalities, Italians and their descendants have occupied a dominant position in Argentina.
The first point is the encouragement of national policies. As mentioned above, in order to increase the country's foreign exchange reserves and ease the domestic employment pressure, Italy frantically exports personnel abroad to create foreign exchange. With the support and guidance of some national policies, some people will be willing to go out and ask for money.
Second, life in Italy was very stressful at that time. Italy is one of the European powers, but its military strength is indeed a bit weak. In the era of European industrial development, Italy had no overseas colonies and lacked certain raw materials, which led to very backward economic development and weak comprehensive national strength.
The unemployment rate of the people is very high, and the living standard of workers lags far behind that of other countries. Domestic material production can't even meet domestic demand. In this contradictory situation, immigration has become Italy's first choice.
Many Italians who can't live in Italy began to go out and look for new living space. Just as the state supported the continuous immigration to Argentina, many people left their homes and came to Argentina.
-Argentina was rich in products, resources and vast land at that time, but the disadvantage was that its population was particularly scarce. So after a large number of Italians came to Argentina, they not only found jobs, but also improved their living conditions. Under the guidance and influence of predecessors, a large number of Italians immigrated to Argentina.
Especially after the defeat of the Second World War, Italy, as a defeated country, was subjected to various sanctions from the victorious country, which made the life of ordinary people more difficult and the unemployment rate rose sharply. At that time, marine transportation had developed to another stage, and immigration had become relatively simple. After all, Argentina already has some Italian residents. After the successors come here, they can "go back to their hometown" and the difficulty of survival is much reduced.
First of all, as mentioned above, a large number of Italians came to Argentina, which led to an increasing Italian population. In contrast, Spain has a small population and many colonies all over the world, so Argentina is not an important option for Spanish immigrants, so not many people in Spain are willing to come to Argentina.
For Spaniards, they are more willing to go to a colony closer to their hometown, such as some countries in Central Asia and Africa. In addition, in the later Argentine war of independence, some Spaniards fled and took refuge, which led to a continuous decline in the proportion of Spaniards.
It is under the influence of this kind of entry and exit that the Italians gradually surpassed the Spanish.
Because of this factor, Argentina and Italy are now bilateral friendly countries, and their relations are quite close. However, it is worth noting that, after all, there are two countries, so there will still be some differences in the details of national interests, such as the Falkland Islands issue between Argentina and Britain. Italy has never explicitly supported Argentina, and even preferred Britain.
One of the most obvious influences is that Argentina has become the second hometown of Italians, especially after the signing of the dual nationality law in 1890, Argentines have become a place where many Italians "work but don't care for their old age". They went to Argentina to develop when they were young, and returned to Italy when they needed old-age care. After all, pensions in Europe are better.
However, this situation has also caused a certain social pension burden to Italy, and some European countries even bluntly said that Italy is a realistic version of the national nursing home.
Indeed, in the year of peace and disaster-free, everyone still lived in peace. If there is any problem, Italy is prone to the collapse of the whole system-for example, after the outbreak of the epidemic, Italy is almost out of control, especially the great shortage of medical resources, which is precisely caused by the aging population in Italy.
Many people in Argentina now have dual Arab-Italian citizenship, and there are also historical reasons:
Historically, Argentina belonged to Spain's American colony, but now Argentina has a large number of descendants of Spanish immigrants, and Spanish is also the official language. However, the largest ethnic group in Argentina, which has the highest proportion of white Americans, is Italian, not Spanish.
As an immigrant country, from 1880 to 1920, Argentina indirectly received more than 4 million immigrants from all over the world in just 40 years, including more than half of Italian immigrants. More than 56% of Argentina is of Italian origin, and there are many people of Italian origin. Even in Buenos Aires, the proportion of Italian population is nearly 65,438+00 percentage points higher than that of Spain.
Although Italy is listed as one of the western powers in history, it is no secret how strong Italy is-quite weak. In addition to Africa, there are sporadic sites. When the powers carved up the new continent, Italy didn't even catch leftovers. With the increasing number of Italian immigrants in the United States, Italy became increasingly dissatisfied, hoping to open up a new world in the United States through immigration, so it targeted Argentina, where Italian descendants gathered.
But at that time, Argentina was strong, and countries such as Britain and France were unwilling to expand Italy's influence in Latin America. In the end, Italy drew water with a sieve. However, Italy didn't get nothing-1899, Italy and Argentina formally signed the dual nationality bill, and Argentina recognized that its citizens also had Italian nationality.
Today, Italy's economy is developed and Argentina is still developing, but in modern times, the two are completely opposite. In modern times, Argentina was very rich and rich in products, while Italy, especially in the central and northern regions, had weak economic development at that time, and a large number of craftsmen and farmers went bankrupt and were forced to emigrate overseas to make a living. Argentina in Latin America is favored by immigrants from European countries, including Italians, because of its pleasant climate and prosperous economy.
In addition to the economy, Italy and Argentina, both football powers, are the most common and obvious players in their dual population. There are never a few Argentine players who play for Italian teams, so Argentina has many double stars. Not only Italy, but also other European countries, such as Messi, have both Argentine and Spanish citizenship.
Messi and his wife Antonella are both ancestors of Italians. When they had a third son, they named him Ciro, not cristiano ronaldo. The Italian pronunciation is Zyro, which is a very popular name in Italy. They should also name their son in memory of their ancestors in Italy. Although Messi has dual citizenship of Spain and Argentina, he can also obtain Italian citizenship if he wants.
In fact, there are many Italian descendants in Argentina, even losing to the Spanish. Argentine writer Borges once jokingly wrote when describing his compatriots: "Argentines are a group of Spanish-speaking Italians. Not only that, they also think like the French and try to become British. "
Then the question is coming. Argentina is a Spanish colonial country. Why did the Italians immigrate here?
This involves a question of time. Spain colonized America from the end of15th century to the beginning of19th century. At the beginning of19th century, the American continent generally broke out the revolution of independence, and many countries broke away from Spanish colonial rule. It was only in 18 10 that the May Revolution broke out in Argentina and overthrew the colonial rule of Spain, which meant that the Argentines had independent political power and rights.
From19th century to the beginning of 20th century, Argentina was a very rich country. At that time, Italy was relatively poorer than Argentina, so many Italians chose to immigrate to Argentina or work to make money. In Italy, there is even a saying, "As rich as an Argentine." This led Italians to emigrate to Argentina for their livelihood or wealth.
From 1880 to 1920, nearly half of the 4 million European immigrants who arrived in Argentina came from Italy in just 40 years. Among all the immigrant groups at that time, the number of this group even exceeded that of the Spanish, and it was firmly in the first place.
Therefore, by understanding this period of history, we can know why there are so many Italian descendants in Argentina and why Argentines hold Italian nationality. For example, Argentine striker icardi, who plays for Inter Milan, is also a descendant of Italian immigrants, and he also holds Italian nationality.
Italy has a deep relationship with Argentina. According to statistics, the Italian population in Argentina accounts for more than half of the national population. Argentina is also the largest immigrant country in Italy, followed by Spaniards, accounting for about 30% of the national population.
South America was originally vast and sparsely populated. /kloc-At the end of 0/5th century, after Columbus discovered the New World, the number of local aborigines was greatly reduced by the germs brought by the landing of a few white people. Before the world industrial revolution, Argentina was rich in natural resources, so people living there were relatively rich. Therefore, from the middle of19th century, Italians began to emigrate to Argentina. By 1940, there were nearly16 million people, accounting for nearly half of Argentina's population at that time. During this period, because of the outbreak of World War I, the number and speed of Italian immigrants decreased. However, with the defeat of Italy in World War II, the country was razed to the ground and occupied by other countries' troops, and a new wave of immigration began. It was not until more than a decade later that Italy's economy recovered that it gradually stopped emigrating to Argentina.
Hundreds of years of immigration history left a deep Italian brand on Argentina, which deeply influenced Argentina's politics, economy and culture. Many Italians also regard Argentina as their second hometown, so it is not surprising that many people have the dual internationality of the two countries.
Argentina is located in the south of South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean in the east, Antarctica across the sea in the south, the Andes in the west, Chile, Bolivia and Paraguay in the north and Brazil and Uruguay in the northeast. With a land area of 2.78 million square kilometers, it is the second largest country in Latin America after Brazil, with a population of 43.84 million (20 16).
Argentina is a country with mixed ethnic groups, with descendants of European immigrants accounting for 85% of the total population, only Spanish and Italian immigrants accounting for 80%, Indo-European mixed-race including gauchos accounting for 14%, and indigenous Indians, Jews, a few Asians and Africans. Almost all residents speak Spanish as the official language, Indians in border areas speak Guarani, Aymara and Mapuche, and some European communities speak German, English, Italian and French as second languages. 92% of the residents believe in Catholicism, followed by Protestantism and Judaism.
Spaniards are the earliest and largest European ethnic group in Afghanistan, and their immigration tide lasted until the 1990s, which left a profound impact on the country's language, religion and architectural style. While sharing rights and interests with other European immigrants, Spaniards realized the consistency of Argentine identity. The Albanian government implemented the Europeanization plan in 1852- 1880, which resulted in the first wave of immigration. The second wave is 19' s post-80s and even bigger after World War II. Most immigrants settled in pampas and Patagonia, and the third wave mainly came from Central and Eastern Europe, who settled in western regions and cities. So Argentina is from Finland in the north. Italians are the second largest ethnic group (about 1/3 of the national population), mainly farmers from southern Italy, who are now engaged in agriculture, animal husbandry and urban professional technology.
Both Argentina and Italy recognize dual citizenship, and a certain number of Argentines have Italian citizenship.
Spain and Argentina also have many dual nationalities.