At present, a prominent problem in the process of China's economic operation is that while opening up to the outside world has brought about an increase in total benefits, structural contradictions have become increasingly common, mainly in the following three aspects:
First, the interests of owners of different elements are unbalanced in opening to the outside world. In recent years, with the rapid growth of foreign trade, the wage level of workers in domestic export commodity production enterprises is not proportional to the growth rate of foreign trade and profits. Especially after the appreciation of RMB, some export enterprises reduce their costs by lowering their real wages, rather than adjusting their product structure.
Second, the benefits shared by different regions in the process of opening up are unequal. The "Matthew effect" in the process of China's opening to the outside world is obvious, and opening to the outside world has become an important factor in widening the economic development gap between regions. This is due to the profit-seeking nature of capital. For example, foreign investment usually gives priority to the eastern coastal areas and is unwilling to invest in the western regions; On the other hand, due to the law of market competition, there are advantages in transportation costs, such as developing export processing trade in the eastern coastal areas. Due to the widening economic gap in opening up, the outflow of capital and labor elements in inland areas has been aggravated to some extent, and the pressure of ecological environment protection in developed areas has also been aggravated.
Third, different subjects at home and abroad have unequal profit opportunities in opening up. China's opening to the outside world is characterized by preferential policies, and a series of preferential measures have been implemented to encourage foreign direct investment. Policy differences lead to more and more crowding-out effects for local enterprises in the process of introducing foreign direct investment.
Therefore, China urgently needs to establish an open economic operation mode with balanced interests, fundamentally adjust the export-oriented economic development strategy oriented to GDP growth, and strive to improve the national welfare level. In the process of China's future opening to the outside world, to expand the export scale and introduce foreign direct investment, we should not only unilaterally consider its possible pulling effect on GDP growth, but also pay attention to its influence on the actual national welfare level and domestic economic interests.
-attracting capital, factors and resources at the same time.
At present, the domestic capital supply is abundant, and the demand for foreign capital is gradually weakening from the perspective of capital. In 2006, the proportion of foreign investment in total domestic fixed assets investment was only 5.04%, which was lower than the average level of developing countries. This does not mean that attracting foreign investment has lost its importance. Economic globalization is further decomposing the value chain. With the development of information technology, more and more products, manufacturing and services are divided in the global scope. These division of labor and the global allocation of production factors are carried out on the basis of capital flow, and the competition among countries to absorb foreign capital is intensifying. Absorbing foreign investment is a major strategy that we must adhere to for a long time.
While paying attention to the increase of foreign capital, we should improve the quality of foreign capital utilization in an all-round way, realize the synchronization of foreign capital absorption and integration of global market elements, learn to use the global allocation system of resources, capital, technology and products, and form a "package" introduction mode of capital, technology, knowledge, management, ideas, talents, brands and markets.
-Learn to become an important participant in the international financial system and make rules.
At the end of 2006, China's foreign exchange reserves reached US$ 654.38+006.63 billion, ranking first in the world, which also broke the world record of foreign exchange reserves of a single country or region. In the past three years, the increase of China's foreign exchange reserves accounted for more than 70% of the newly added GDP, which shows that the accumulation of social wealth in China is basically in the form of foreign exchange reserves.
In this case, the central bank not only has to bear the heavy burden of the high cost of foreign exchange reserves, but also faces greater challenges to the autonomy of China's monetary policy. How to properly digest foreign exchange reserves has become a major problem faced by * *, which further puts forward higher requirements for deepening the reform of foreign exchange reserve system and accelerating the opening up of the financial sector.
In the era of globalization, the degree of financial liberalization and internationalization of a country has become an important indicator to measure its level of opening to the outside world, and it also reflects a country's comprehensive ability to control international economic relations.
At present, the degree of marketization and opening-up of China's financial industry lags behind that of trade and investment, which restricts the development of China's service industry and the upgrading of its industrial structure to some extent. Especially under the pressure of RMB appreciation, domestic macro-control and foreign economic relations have repeatedly fallen into passivity or bondage, and the urgency of opening up the financial industry has become increasingly prominent.
Therefore, an important issue facing China's opening to the outside world is how to gradually become an important participant and rulemaker in the international financial system through orderly and conditional capital account opening.
To this end, we must first speed up the reform of state-owned financial institutions, optimize their asset structure and business scope, promote effective competition among various financial entities, and improve the self-development and anti-risk ability of financial institutions, especially state-owned commercial banks; Secondly, further improve the financial supervision mechanism and establish an efficient and stable supervision system before the opening of capital projects; Thirdly, the short-term, medium-term and long-term objectives of RMB exchange rate adjustment should be reasonably established, and the flexibility of the exchange rate system should be gradually enhanced.
The reform of foreign exchange management system and the opening of capital account are not only the key areas of opening to the outside world in the future, but also will directly affect the stable growth of China's macro-economy. Therefore, we must adopt a positive and prudent attitude, take into account the autonomy and openness of policies, take into account our own development goals and affordability, and fully understand international requirements and expectations in order to reduce the impact and shock brought about by financial liberalization and internationalization.
-Attracting foreign investment and investing abroad are organically combined.
Experts suggest that to further improve the quality of China enterprises going global, we should make progress in three aspects:
First, start a business in China through foreign investment combined with global factors. In recent years, some new high-tech enterprises have appeared in China. Although their capital, technical foundation, human resources and market are highly internationalized, their main body is in China. Second, we can obtain development factors such as technology and talents through foreign investment, and domestic enterprises have the strength to acquire advanced technology and talents through mergers and acquisitions of foreign enterprises or the establishment of R&D centers overseas; Third, * * * should make full use of economic, political and diplomatic means to create a good external environment for the overseas development of China enterprises, help enterprises to predict and eliminate uncertainties in international relations, and comprehensively enhance the competitiveness of domestic enterprises and China's position in international industrial transfer.