Surplus means that a country's foreign trade income is more than that of other countries, which is conducive to economic development and the improvement of people's living standards. However, excessive surplus leads to international trade imbalance and is vulnerable to trade protection. The deficit means strong domestic demand, which is beneficial in the early stage of economic development. If the deficit can't promote exports, China's current situation will not be worth the loss.
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The more trade surplus is not necessarily good, too high trade surplus is a dangerous thing, which means that the growth of domestic economy is more dependent on external demand than at any time in the past few years, and the dependence on foreign countries is too high.
The huge trade surplus has also brought about the expansion of foreign exchange reserves, brought greater appreciation pressure to the currency, and also given the international trade protectionist forces an excuse that the huge trade surplus reflects the undervaluation of the currency. This has increased the pressure of currency appreciation and financial risks, and increased the cost and difficulty of currency exchange rate mechanism reform. The relatively simple countermeasure is to stimulate domestic consumption.