Chaoyang Road and Tonghui River, both located in the east of Beijing, were built in the Yuan Dynasty with similar ages, and are the two major land and water transportation and economic lifelines of Beijing in history. "Chaoyang Road" was named after the road was built in 1950s, and its predecessor was the post road outside Qihuamen in Yuan Dynasty.
In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, the rulers abandoned the capital of Liao and Jin Dynasties (roughly located in the west of the former Xuanwu District) and built the capital in the Gaoliang River system (including today's Jishuitan, Shichahai, Beihai and Zhonghai), which became the predecessor of Beijing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Dadoucheng has 1 1 gates, and the southeast of the gates is called Qihuamen. After the completion of Qihuamen, horses and chariots entered and left the city, gradually forming a dirt road, which was a post road that the Yuan Dynasty traveled eastward to deliver documents to the court. At that time, both sides of the road were mostly wild, with only a few sporadic post stations, which were very desolate. During the Republic of China, Chaoyangmen was desolate. At that time, Chaoyang Road was still a stone road with several deep ruts and a stinking drain in the middle. Balizhuang is one of the villages scattered on both sides of Shiban Road. With Shiban Road as the boundary, the southern part of the road is called "Qianbalizhuang" and the northern part is called "Houbalizhuang". There are several popular names in Balizhuang, including Men, Guo and Zhang. The villagers are mainly vegetable farmers and live around vegetable fields. There are four or five households here and seven or eight households there. Although it looks scattered, it adds up to 2700 households, which is the leading village in this area.
During the Republic of China, Balizhuang people mainly planted Chinese cabbage, celery, spinach, parsley and cucumber, and began to plant tomatoes after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. Part of the food is left for your own family to eat, and part of it is taken to the overpass to "send" and sell vegetables to earn money to support your family. On weekdays, villagers work at sunrise and rest at sunset. Only during the Spring Festival can Balizhuang people catch their breath, light lanterns, fly kites and set off firecrackers, and the village suddenly becomes lively.
At that time, Balizhuang had a main road: Erdaogou, in addition to the stone road facing outwards. This ditch is a drought ditch, four or five feet deep, which can pull carts. It starts from Si Xia Hutong outside Chaoyangmen in the west (near the junction of Chaowaibei Street and Workers Stadium South Road) and ends in Tongxian County (now Tongzhou District) in the east. There are also several large kiln pits in the north of Houbalizhuang, which were left by villagers burning bricks and taking soil in Liulitun. When it rains, there is water and reeds, which is very desolate. Near Qianbalizhuang, there is a cemetery.
There is no big village to the west of Balizhuang until the pig shop (now Xiaozhuang). The nearest neighbor to the west, from the place name, should be Ciyun Temple. Ciyun Temple is an ancient temple, covering an area of about 20 mu. According to "Introduction to Chen Yuan", it was built in the thirty-third year of Qianlong (1768) and has a royal stone tablet. There are also large vegetable fields near the temple, and there are only a few families, so it is difficult to call them villages.
To the east of Balizhuang, bounded by the stone road facing outwards, there is a "red temple" (some people say it is a red wall temple) in the north, which is roughly equivalent to the location of the new underground building. It is said that the emperors of the Qing Dynasty stopped to burn incense in the temple when they passed by. Near the temple, which is now near Jingmian New Town, there is a little-known tomb of Wu Dahai. The owner of the tomb, Aisinggiorro Udahai (160 1-1654), is the fourth son of the second brother of Qing Taizu. In his early years, he led the army to defeat the Ming army many times. In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), he entered the customs with Dourgen. In the 11th year of Shunzhi (1654), Wu Dahai went to Fujian to suppress Zheng Chenggong. I was seriously ill halfway and had to return to Beijing. He died soon, and posthumous title was buried here. The tomb mound has long been flat, and it was difficult to find a specific location during the Republic of China. From the ancient tomb to the south, on the south side of Shiban Road, there is a village called Shilibao (pù). The word "bag" is also written as "shop", which means post office. Shilibao was named after being ten miles away from Chaoyangmen, probably formed during the Yongzheng period.
When we open the map of Beiping suburb of 1947, we can clearly see that there are nearly 100 natural villages within this road, including nearly 20 villages with celebrity graves, nearly 30 villages with temples, and countless graves that have long been ownerless. This is the architectural appearance along Chaoyang Road from Yuan Dadu to 1949 for more than 600 years. Chaoyang Road, when liberated, was only a 40-mile Jingtong Avenue from Beijing to Tongzhou, Hebei. Beijing's jurisdiction extends from Chaoyangmen to Dahuangzhuang and Huayuanzha, radiating from north to south to the banks of Tonghui River, and north to the Levin Tree Line east of Dongzhimen, with a total area of about 32 square kilometers (1958 and then extended to Baliqiao North). In this vast land, except the Dongyue Temple (a historical relic) built in the Yuan Dynasty outside Chaoyangmen, there are only some low-rise shops and simple houses left.
In the early days of liberation, the biggest influence on Chaoyang Road was the construction of Beijing Textile Industrial Zone.
After the liberation of Peiping, Balizhuang Township was established in April 1949, which belonged to the second suburb, and later changed to the fourteenth suburb, the tenth suburb, Dong Jiao and Chaoyang. 1February, 956, while the cotton mill was being built, the township organizational system was cancelled and Balizhuang Street was built. Its administrative jurisdiction is east to the west of Shilibao beijing-baotou railway, west to Hongmiao and Dawang Road (including Madaokou), south to Tonghui River and north to Liulitun, with an area of about 12 square kilometers.
From 1953 to 1957, the first five-year plan for developing the national economy was implemented. 65438-0953 According to the regional planning of the capital city, the Beijing Municipal Committee and the Ministry of Textile Industry decided to build a large textile industrial zone in Balizhuang, east of Beijing. The "Balizhuang" mentioned here is in a broad sense, not only referring to a village in East Balizhuang, but also including Ciyun Temple, Shilibao and other places. It is a concept at the township level, and now it is the predecessor of Balizhuang Street.
1In September, 954, the No.1 Jingmian Factory located in Shilibao was the first to be built and put into operation. 1955 and 1957, Balizhuang Jingmian No.2 Factory and Ciyun Temple Jingmian No.3 Factory were successively completed and put into operation. Three factories have 234,376 spindles and 7,284 automatic looms. Except that some of the equipment in the No.1 and No.3 factories are imported from East Germany and Japan, the rest are domestic equipment. Each factory will reach the design capacity in the second year of production. In this way, during the "First Five-Year Plan" period, a textile industrial zone of 930,000 square meters was built in Balizhuang area, ending the history of "cloth without yarn" in Beijing.
1958 The output of cotton yarn in Beijing reached180,000 pieces, and the output of cotton cloth was as high as 245 million meters, which made the printing and dyeing of grey cloth completely self-sufficient, and 80% of the products began to be exported to Southeast Asian countries, which exchanged a lot of foreign exchange for the country. The textile industry was a large foreign exchange earner in Beijing in the early days of liberation and became a banner of Beijing's national economy in that era.
Since 1950s, with the establishment of factories, new living areas in Balizhuang area have emerged. From Ciyun Temple to Balizhuang and then to Shilibao, the dormitories of Jingmian No.3 Factory, No.2 Factory and No.1 Factory are lined up from west to east. Taking Chaoyangmen Waishi Road as the boundary, Lunan as the factory area, and Lubei as the living area, one-to-one correspondence, making it very convenient for employees to go to work. In the living area, a large number of three-story red brick buildings have been built as staff quarters. A large number of trees have been planted nearby, and corresponding greening has been done. The building is dotted with "small gardens" The living area is equipped with hospitals, bathhouses, barbershops, primary and secondary schools, shops, auditoriums (for theatrical performances and movies), stadiums and other supporting facilities. Erdaogou in Houbalizhuang, originally a dry ditch for pulling carts, was transformed into a circulating waterway of thermal power plants.
1955 Build a Balizhuang Road with a length of1075m, starting from the north side of Houbalizhuang in the north and reaching Chaoyang Road in the south, connecting Qianbalizhuang and Houbalizhuang. 1958 led by Balizhuang Sub-district Office, a park was built around several pits in the north of Balizhuang according to local conditions, with a lake area of about 330 mu. During the project, the nearby schools mobilized thousands of young pioneers to dig lakes, plant trees and plant flowers. In order to commemorate the contribution of young pioneers, the park was named "Red Scarf Park". People can easily reach the south gate of Red Scarf Park by starting from the staff dormitory on Chaoyang Road and crossing Balizhuang Road repaired in advance. 1960, Chaoyang Road opened the 12 trolley bus (now the predecessor of 1 12), which greatly facilitated the residents of the textile city to enter the city.
In the 1950s, Beijing began to widen and repair the dilapidated stone road outside Chaoyangmen, and named it "Chaoyang Road", which is still in use today. 1958, Chaoyang Road runs through Tongzhou to Baliqiao North, and this road continues to this day. By 1978, Beijing has entered a new period of reform and opening up. Before the construction of Jingtong Expressway and Chaoyang North Road, Chaoyang Road was the only east-west urban main road in eastern Beijing. Later, Jingtong Expressway, Chaoyang North Road, Third Ring Road, Fourth Ring Road and Fifth Ring Road were successively connected, and Chaoyang Road became the eastern connecting trunk line of Beijing's transportation network.
Since 1990s, Chaowai Street has been completely transformed, and Jingguang Building was the tallest building in China at that time. The Master Plan of Beijing approved by the State Council from 65438 to 0993 clearly stated that Beijing Central Business District (CBD) should be planned and constructed. During the period of 1998, Beijing Municipal Planning Bureau defined the scope of Beijing Central Business District as the area between Dongdaqiao Road in the west, Dawang Road in the east, Tonghui River in the south and Chaoyang Road in the north, with an area of about 3.99 square kilometers. In May 2009, the Beijing Municipal Government decided to extend the Beijing CBD along Chaoyang North Road and Tonghui River to the East Fourth Ring Road, with an additional area of about 3 square kilometers. Then, until now, various forms of high-rise buildings and super-high-rise buildings have sprung up. International Trade Phase III, 330 meters high, is the tallest building in Beijing at present.
The new site of CCTV is 234 meters high, and a conjoined iron tower stands at the southeast corner of the third ring road intersection on the south side of Chaoyang Road. The new office building of People's Daily is150m high, and there is a circular tower in the courtyard of People's Daily on the north side of Chaoyang Road. These two buildings have become new landmarks on Chaoyang Road.
From the end of last century, the textile area of Chaoyang Road was transformed, the building materials street of Qingnian Road in Ganluyuan was transformed, and xinglong village was transformed. The momentum of the transformation of the old city continues to extend eastward.
Now, Chaoyang Road is developing and upgrading day by day, and there are more and more newly developed commercial buildings and residential quarters on both sides, and many well-known commercial organizations and companies have settled in. Chaoyang Road, Qingnian Road, Chaoyang North Road, Yaojiayuan Road and other radial roads * * * constitute the increasingly brilliant and booming "Chaoqing Plate" in eastern Beijing. Chaoyang Road has become an urban traffic trunk road integrating business, office, news, education, residence, leisure and medical care, and will become more convenient, modern and prosperous.