As the chief designer of the 2007 "Chang 'e-1", 2008 manned spacecraft and today's "Chang 'e-2" mission measurement and control system, Qian Weiping witnessed the rapid development of China's space industry during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period. This is only a microcosm of China's scientific and technological progress and independent innovation ability in recent years.
Under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, China's macro-economy maintained steady and rapid growth, and its total economic output ranked among the top three in the world. The transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture has been accelerated, and the new industrialization road has led China's industry to achieve a new leap, and people's living standards have been continuously improved. What is even more surprising is that while harvesting these achievements, energy conservation and emission reduction and industrial restructuring have also made positive progress, and resource utilization efficiency has been significantly improved.
"The achievements made during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period are enormous, and more than 90% of the targets have been achieved or exceeded. Especially in the context of the international financial crisis, it is very difficult for the economy to achieve high growth. " Yang Yiyong, director of the Institute of Social Development of the National Development and Reform Commission, commented.
It can be said that the five years of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan have laid a solid foundation for building a well-off society in an all-round way, and have also made brilliant achievements in China's economic and social development.
Five Years of Endeavour: Under the double challenges of the international financial crisis and natural disasters, China's economy has once again achieved a new leap.
Let's first look at the comparison of a set of numbers-
In March 2006, the Fourth Session of the Tenth National People's Congress deliberated and adopted the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development. According to the plan, during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the economic growth target of China is set at an average annual growth rate of 7.5%, and the per capita GDP is doubled compared with 2000.
Looking back on the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, although 20 10 is not over yet, China's GDP has achieved an average annual growth of 1 1.4% in the first four years, which is 1.6 percentage points faster than the average growth rate of 9.8% in the Tenth Five-Year Plan and 8.2 percentage points faster than the world level. China's GDP growth in the first half of this year 1 1. 1%. Experts predict that the economic growth rate of China this year should be no less than 9.5%, which means that the average annual economic growth rate will exceed 10% during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, and the goal of doubling the per capita GDP in 2000 will be overfulfilled.
Incredibly, this rapid growth was achieved under the double challenges of the international financial crisis, which led to the stagnation of the world economy and even negative growth and a series of domestic natural disasters. In 2008, under the impact of the international financial crisis triggered by the US subprime mortgage crisis, China's economy suffered an unprecedented blow. Sudden and serious natural disasters such as freezing rain and snow, Wenchuan earthquake, Yushu earthquake, southwest drought, Zhouqu mudslide and flood disaster have also severely tested the economic operation again and again. From the fourth quarter of that year, China's economy declined rapidly, and the GDP growth rate in the first quarter of 2009 once fell to 6. 1%.
Facing the complicated and changeable domestic and international economic environment and successive major challenges, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council resolutely promulgated and implemented a package plan to stimulate the economy, strengthened and improved macro-control in a targeted manner, and actively promoted the transformation of economic development mode and structural adjustment. The national economy developed in the expected direction of macro-control, and the economic growth rate rebounded quarter by quarter, achieving an annual growth of 8.7%, exceeding the target of "Guaranteeing 8". In the bleak world economy, it has become a beautiful landscape. The World Bank report pointed out: "In response to the international financial crisis, China's economy has become the primary driving force for world economic growth."
During the five years of "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", not only did the economic growth rate lead the world, but the position of China's economy in the world economic structure also changed greatly. In 2009, the ranking of China's total economic output in the world rose from the fourth place in 2005 to the third place, accounting for 8.5% of the world's total economic output, which was 3.6 percentage points higher than that in 2005. In 20 10, this pattern was rewritten again: in the second quarter, China's GDP surpassed that of Japan and became the second largest economy in the world.
Moreover, in 2009, China's foreign exchange reserves and fiscal revenue reached 2.4 trillion US dollars and 6.9 trillion yuan respectively, ranking among the top in the world; Among the 500 industrial products in the world, 220 products rank first in the world, and the scale of equipment and electronic information industry ranks second in the world. The total import and export volume in that year was US$ 2,207.27 billion, which was 1.5 times that of 2005. The world ranking rose from the third place in 2005 to the second place, and the export volume rose from the third place to the first place.
In the face of challenges and tests, China's economy has once again achieved a new leap, handing over a wonderful answer sheet.
Five-year promotion: the energy conservation and emission reduction efforts are unprecedented, and the four binding indicators of resources and environment are expected to be fully realized.
After 30 years of reform and opening up, China's economy has made rapid progress, but extensive development has also brought excessive consumption of resources and environmental damage, which makes us have to rethink and explore a sustainable development path.
It is against this background that the 11th Five-Year Plan outlines for the first time legally binding targets for resources and environment: energy consumption per unit of GDP will be reduced by about 20%, the proportion of non-fossil energy in total energy consumption will reach about 10%, the forest coverage rate will reach 20%, and the discharge of major pollutants will be reduced by 10%. Specific and binding targets were not found in the previous 10 five-year plan. These indicators not only further enrich the connotation of China's economic growth, but also have rigid regulations on the quality and mode of growth, which embodies the government's pursuit of a scientific development model from quantity to quality.
Not long ago, Xie Zhenhua, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, summed up the situation of energy conservation and emission reduction during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, saying that in order to achieve the goal of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, China will vigorously develop the tertiary industry in structural energy conservation; In the secondary industry, vigorously develop high-tech industries and further optimize the internal structure of industries; In terms of eliminating backward production capacity, in the first four years of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, China eliminated more than 60 million kilowatts of small thermal power units, eliminated backward ironmaking capacity of 87 1.2 million tons, steelmaking capacity of 60.38 million tons, and cement capacity of 2 1.4 million tons.
In this regard, Yang Yiyong said in an interview: "In the 11th Five-Year Plan, energy conservation and emission reduction should be the most difficult task. However, by strengthening constraints, this goal has also been achieved, which is very gratifying. " In fact, as a developing traditional industrial country and a "world processing factory", China once consumed about 40% of the world's coal, 50% of cement, 60% of steel and 70% of oil and gas, and its energy consumption per unit GDP was more than five times the world average. Although energy conservation and emission reduction, pollution control and elimination of backwardness have become the inevitable choices for the sustainable development of China's economy, it still needs hard work to achieve "20% reduction of energy consumption per unit of GDP" within five years. To this end, the central government invested more than 200 billion yuan in energy conservation and environmental protection projects during this period to carry out technological transformation of energy conservation and emission reduction. These investments only account for 10% to 15% of the total national investment in energy conservation and environmental protection.
With the joint efforts of the central government and governments at all levels, China has made positive progress in energy conservation and emission reduction, and the energy utilization efficiency has been significantly improved. In the first four years of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, on the basis of the average annual growth of industrial added value of 13.5%, the energy consumption of industrial added value of units above designated size decreased by 20.76%, saving 530 million tons of standard coal. At the same time, the total discharge of chemical oxygen demand decreased by 9.66%, and the total discharge of sulfur dioxide decreased by 13. 14%, which laid an important foundation for realizing the national energy consumption per unit GDP and the total discharge of major pollutants.
Judging from the current situation, "the last three of the four indicators can be achieved by the end of the year through hard work, but there are still many difficulties and challenges to achieve the goal of reducing energy consumption per unit of GDP by about 20%", Xie Zhenhua said. However, he also said that "efforts will be made to achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction".
Five years of benefiting the people: people's lives have been continuously improved and social security has been rapidly promoted.
Looking back on the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, it is not difficult to find that the word "people's livelihood" shines in all aspects of economic, social and political reform.
"Rural reform has generally benefited farmers, and there has also been a major breakthrough in the reform of basic public services. People's livelihood construction has received unprecedented attention from governments at all levels. Therefore,' Eleventh Five-Year Plan' is also called' Five Years of People's Livelihood'. " Chi Fulin, president of China Reform and Development Research Institute, said when talking about the achievements of various reform measures during the 11th Five-Year Plan period.
Improving people's livelihood is the fundamental purpose of economic development and the starting point and foothold of economic growth. This concept is more and more fully reflected in the annual government work report during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period-in 2006, China completely abolished the agricultural tax, and farmers have since embarked on the road of reducing burdens and increasing income; In the same year, the central government allocated 654.38+859 million yuan to needy groups. Since then, fiscal expenditure on people's livelihood has increased year by year, exceeding one trillion yuan in 2008 and10.6 trillion yuan in 20 10. At the same time, the new rural cooperative medical system began to cover all counties (cities, districts) with agricultural population in China in 2008, and completed the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" ahead of schedule. In addition, during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the state focused on increasing policy support and exempting tuition and miscellaneous fees in compulsory education. The new medical reform program benefits urban and rural residents, and the basic medical insurance covers more than 92% of the country's population.
The five years of sustained and rapid growth of the national economy are also five years in which the government's policy of benefiting the people and the people has been continuously exerted and people's lives have been continuously improved. From 2006 to 2009, the per capita disposable income of urban residents increased from 1 1760 yuan to 17 175 yuan, with an average annual real growth rate of 10.2%, 0.6 percentage points faster than the average growth rate in the Tenth Five-Year Plan, and the per capita net income of rural residents increased from 350.
Nowadays, in large and medium-sized cities and some rural areas, cars have rapidly entered families, and the popularity of computers and mobile phones is also increasing, and people's demand for spiritual, cultural and entertainment is growing. Data show that the number of private cars in China increased from 23.33 million in 2006 to 45.75 million in 2009. The number of mobile phone users increased from 46 106 million at the end of 2006 to 744/kloc-0.00 million at the end of 2009, exceeding 800 million in the first half of this year. At the same time, the Engel coefficient of urban households decreased from 36.7% in 2005 to 36.5% in 2009, and that of rural households decreased from 45.5% in 2005 to 4 1.0%. All these show that people's income is increasing and their quality of life is improving day by day.
This year is the closing year of the 11th Five-Year Plan. Standing at a new historical starting point, we need to be soberly aware that although China's economic and social development has made remarkable achievements during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the contradictions restricting the smooth operation of the economy are still outstanding, especially in the transformation of economic development mode, there are still many structural problems, the constraints of resources and environment are gradually increasing, and the reform of income distribution mechanism is facing many obstacles. It is precisely because of this that we are full of deep expectations and strong responsibilities for the upcoming "Twelfth Five-Year Plan".
On the road of building a well-off society in an all-round way, we still need to forge ahead.