1.** Adjustment of monetary policy * *:
-* * Lower interest rate * *: By lowering the rediscount interest rate, deposit reserve ratio and open market operating interest rate of the central bank, the borrowing cost can be reduced, economic activities can be stimulated, imports can be increased, and the surplus can be reduced.
-* * Increase the money supply * *: Purchase government bonds or other financial assets through open market operations to increase the money supply in the market, promote economic activities and increase imports.
2.** Fiscal policy adjustment * *:
-* * Reduce government expenditure * *: By reducing government expenditure, total domestic demand can be reduced, thereby reducing imports and helping to maintain the balance of international payments.
-* * Tax increase * *: By increasing taxes, the total domestic demand can be reduced, thus reducing imports.
3.** Adjustment of exchange rate policy * *:
-* * Devaluation of local currency * *: Devaluation of local currency through market intervention or adjustment of exchange rate system can improve export competitiveness, reduce import costs, and thus reduce the surplus.
-* * Foreign exchange reserve management * *: through the intervention of the foreign exchange market, sell foreign exchange and increase the supply of the foreign exchange market, thus reducing the pressure of local currency appreciation.
4.** Adjustment of trade policy * *:
-* * Reduce export subsidies * *: By reducing or canceling export subsidies, we can increase export costs, reduce exports, and thus reduce the surplus.
-* * Increase import tariffs * *: By increasing import tariffs, we can increase import costs and reduce imports, thus reducing the surplus.
5.** Capital flow management * *:
-* * Capital control * *: By restricting the inflow or outflow of capital, fluctuations in the foreign exchange market can be reduced and the balance of payments can be maintained.
-* * Foreign exchange control * *: Foreign exchange control measures, such as restrictions on foreign exchange purchases and foreign exchange deposit reserve requirements, can reduce the pressure on the foreign exchange market and maintain the balance of international payments.
6.** International cooperation and coordination * *:
-* * International policy coordination * *: Through policy coordination with other countries, we can * * * cope with the imbalance of international payments.
-* * International financial cooperation * *: By participating in the multilateral cooperation of international financial organizations and institutions, you can get financial support and technical assistance, which is helpful to manage the balance of payments.
The implementation of these policy measures needs to be decided according to the economic situation of specific countries, the international market environment and policy objectives. At the same time, policy adjustment should take into account the balance between internal economic balance and external economic balance to avoid adverse economic consequences.