Worse than the article you mentioned:
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Research on Guangzhou's Positioning in the Central City of Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Zone and Its Economic Hinterland Expansion
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The original source is Journal of South China Normal University (Social Science Edition).
Author: Jing Hu Li Jidong
Original versionNo. 2004/05
abstract
First, the historical background and development environment of Guangzhou metropolitan area.
In the second half of the 20th century, great changes have taken place in the world political and economic structure. Its changes show that the geopolitical era has ended and the geo-economic era has arrived. After the end of the cold war, the world economy has changed from polarization in the geopolitical era to a geo-economic era in which regionalization, multipolarization and integrated mixed growth interact. Its basic characteristics are: geopolitics and geopolitical axis are shifting from military to economy, and from Eurasia to Asia-Pacific region; Economic regionalization and fragmentation, geographical factors, geographical factors and location factors are playing an increasingly important role; Cultural and cultural circle factors have increased their influence; The transformation from international power politics to international economic politics. Judging from the evolution trend of the global geopolitical pattern, the regional and plate-like power comparison of the world economy is replacing the bipolar power comparison of big countries. After the Cold War, China's geo-axis shifted to Asia-Pacific, and the geo-economic era was the deep background of Guangzhou's rise. Facing severe challenges, China should attach great importance to the construction and integration of Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Zone. Geographically, the construction of Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Zone will have a far-reaching impact on the economic cooperation around South China Sea Economic Zone, the formation of East Asia Corridor, the rise of China Economic Zone, the rise and radiation of Pearl River Metropolitan Area and the development of marine economy, thus completing the geo-economic strategy of China's southward direction. The geo-economic era is the deep geo-background of the rise of Guangzhou metropolitan area in 2 1 century, and its essence is the geo-economic struggle of China on a global scale. The trend of regionalization and collectivization of the world economy is becoming more and more obvious, and the economic regions of China and neighboring countries and regions in the Asia-Pacific region will also be formed.
Metropolitan area has become a new trend of world economic development. The important symbol of the maturity of metropolitan area is to form a reasonable system of urban functional division of labor and deepen and develop the division of labor and cooperation among core cities. Competition based on cooperation can reflect the overall strength of metropolitan area, and cooperation in metropolitan area is the key for metropolitan area and central city to gain competitive advantage. Metropolitan area refers to a multi-core and multi-level urban agglomeration formed by a number of large cities and megacities concentrated in the region. Metropolitan area does not simply refer to a big city or metropolitan area, but refers to a large-scale urban belt area connected by several big cities, in which there are certain low population density areas. It is generally believed that the urban belt has the following characteristics: first, the cities in the region are relatively dense; Second, there are a considerable number of big cities, and metropolitan areas are closely related to society, economy and culture; Third, through convenient transportation corridors, major metropolitan areas are closely linked in social economy; Fourth, it has a considerable scale, is the core region of the country, and plays a pivotal role in international exchanges.
Metropolitan economic belt has become the base and source of high-tech industries, foreign trade and information finance innovation in various countries. For example, the Atlantic coast and Great Lakes belt in the United States, the Pacific coastal city belt in the United States, the Rhine Valley city belt in Germany, and the Pacific coastal city belt in Japan. The rise of urban belt is the mainstream of economic development and change. At present, the Boshua urban belt in the United States extends southward from Boston to Washington, DC, with a longitudinal length of about 450 miles and a width of about 150 miles, accounting for 1% of the national land area, but the population has reached more than 40 million, making it the most concentrated area of American finance, industry and commerce, science and technology, culture and education. The urban belt along the Great Lakes in the United States and Canada has roughly the same population and economic strength as Bosworth. Japan's Pacific urban belt is the largest and densest urban belt in the world, which has the essence of most of the population and national economy and technology. The urban belt in the northwest of England, from London to Leeds via Birmingham and Manchester, concentrates more than half of the population and economic strength of Britain. Europe's urban belt from Amsterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, along the Rhine River to Stuttgart via Ruhr, Germany, contains more than 30 million people and the essence of Germany and Holland. At present, many developing countries have begun to develop into metropolitan areas after the reform and opening up, such as the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan, and central and southern Liaoning.
The development trend of urban economic belt and its role in stimulating and innovating a country's economy are increasingly recognized by some scholars. Due to the popularization of modern information technology, the function of high-speed and efficient sea and air transportation, the internationalization of financial market and production technology, different components of products can cooperate in production in different regions at different costs and production factors, and so on, global economic integration has greatly changed the spatial distribution of economy and population. Some geographers such as Douglas (1955) call it the globalization of urbanization. This new spatial development trend has several characteristics and has become an important framework of regional economic development policies: (1) The world economy tends to be polarized in a few metropolitan economic zones; (2) the formation of the network of world cities and international cities; (3) the formation of cross-border areas; (4) The promotion of international network development to urban economic zones. The emergence of the Asia-Pacific regional metropolitan economic zone reflects this development trend.
Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Zone will accelerate the formation of Pearl River Metropolitan Belt. Pearl River Metropolitan Area will become the integrated transmission and radiation center of material flow, capital flow, commodity flow, talent flow, information flow and cultural flow, and become another huge urban belt on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean after Tokyo-Osaka Belt. Hong Kong and Macao will play the role of capital operation base and springboard for multinational companies to enter the mainland, and play the role of consultants and partners, so as to promote the integration of China's regional market with the international economy and the development of export-oriented economy. Xijiang River Basin and its adjacent areas will quickly become a processing and export destination facing the world market, accelerate the economic internationalization of coastal areas, and attract more investments from Europe, America, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan Province. To build a Pearl River Delta mega-city, that is, in the next 20 years, with Guangzhou as the leader and Hong Kong, Macao, Shenzhen and Zhuhai as the core, we will build a mega-city comparable to the urban belt of developed countries. This is a forward-looking grand blueprint. The Pearl River Delta will become the sixth super metropolis belt in the world in the next 20 years. This metropolitan area will exceed 4,000 square kilometers with a population of nearly 40 million, which is enough to compete with metropolitan areas such as the Northeast metropolitan area of the United States and Jingshan God in Japan.
Since 1990s, the trend of globalization of world economy and science and technology has become more and more obvious. With the process of globalization, facing the same universal opportunities, the competition for resources and markets among countries or regions in the world will become more intense. It can be said that the other side of the globalization of world economic development means the localization of world economic development, that is, the universality and intensification of countries or regions participating in global competition. Cities have become the "spokesmen" of a country or region to participate in global economic competition in a considerable scope, especially in the economic scope.
Therefore, in order to build Guangzhou metropolitan area and expand Guangzhou's economic hinterland, it is necessary to assess the situation, plan the areas involved with a developmental and dynamic vision, and take the lead in the competition and contest of world economic regionalization, so as to promote and integrate the economic development of some surrounding areas. In the construction of Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, the positioning of Guangzhou metropolitan area and the expansion of economic hinterland are one of its important factors, and they are also part of the economic integration and outward ocean development strategy of Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Zone.
Second, Guangzhou's position and functional orientation in the Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Zone
(A) Guangzhou as a leading position in the Pan-Pearl River Delta.
Guangzhou's unique position in the Pan-Pearl River Delta is the primary basis for determining its development goals and functional orientation. Pearl River Delta Economic Belt is an economic metropolis belt including Hong Kong, Macao, Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Guangzhou. This metropolitan area includes three different levels: Hong Kong and Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai Special Economic Zone, and other cities and counties with open economy. Guangzhou is a multi-functional central city in Guangdong and even South China, and it is the political, economic, cultural center and transportation hub of Guangdong Province. Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou will exert various radiation functions, which will surely promote the further economic development of the whole South China region. Macao is another window and bridge for the Pearl River Delta and Guangdong to go global. It plays a unique role in promoting the export-oriented economic development in the western region of the Pearl River Delta and opening up the markets of European countries and Portuguese-speaking and Latin American countries. It will become a strategic hub on the west coast of the Pearl River Delta and another important window beyond the depth of Hong Kong and Guangzhou. Other cities in the Pearl River Delta, such as Zhuhai Special Economic Zone, Zhongshan, Shunde, Foshan, Dongguan, Jiangmen, Huizhou and Zhaoqing, have developed rapidly and their economic strength has been continuously enhanced. They occupy an important position in the delta region and play a radiation role in different regions. Together with Hong Kong, Macao, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, the Pearl River Metropolitan Belt will be formed to promote the economic development of Guangdong and South China.
At present, Guangzhou is the only city in Guangdong that can develop into an international metropolis. The reasons are as follows.
1. Guangzhou has always been the political center and capital city of South China and Guangdong Province, and has a strong sense of responsibility and historical experience as a leading city; Moreover, Guangzhou is also a famous historical and cultural city, which plays an important role in world history. Therefore, Guangzhou is easily recognized as a leading city in the world. Guangzhou, which is becoming more and more modern, will be fully qualified to compete with world historical cities such as Cairo, Egypt, St. Petersburg, Russia, Lyon, France, Rotterdam, the Netherlands and Lisbon, Portugal.
2. Guangzhou has excellent geographical conditions and has always been a transportation hub and logistics center in South China. Geographically, Guangzhou is located in the middle of Guangdong Province, with a seaport. This geographical advantage is unique, and neither Shenzhen nor Hong Kong can compare with it. The new Baiyun Airport will become the most important international airport in southern China, and its radiation capacity will reach all provinces in southern China. Guangzhou is also the most important train transportation center, expressway center and port center in South China, and will also be the urban express railway center in the Pearl River Delta. This location and transportation advantage make Guangzhou the most important logistics center in the Pearl River Delta and Guangdong, which can radiate from top to bottom and from left to right, driving all areas in Guangdong and the Pan-Pearl River Delta.
Guangzhou has always been the most important education center and science and technology center in South China. Guangzhou University Town under construction will become the most important and largest talent training base in Guangdong. At the same time, Guangzhou has only four "2 1 1" national key universities and a number of national research institutions in Guangdong. Therefore, Guangzhou has a prominent position in education and technology.
Guangzhou has strong economic development potential and market competitiveness. Among the major cities in China, Guangzhou's market economic order should be the most normal, fair and mature, and there is no aristocratic market economy and no policy bubble. Guangzhou has obviously surpassed Shanghai, Shenzhen and Beijing. Guangzhou's GDP has kept above 12% for a long time, which is not fast, but it is stable. In addition to the outstanding advantages of service industry, Guangzhou's information industry and manufacturing industry have also sprung up as new growth points. At present, Guangzhou is the undisputed information center in the south of China and one of the three major Internet hub cities in China. At the same time, Guangzhou will be built into the most important automobile production base in South China, complementing Changchun, Shanghai and Wuhan.
(B) the future trend of economic integration in the Pearl River Delta and Guangzhou's position in it
Guangzhou has been established as a leading city, and other cities can determine the areas of cooperation with Guangzhou and their own regional specialization direction. Only in this way can the Pearl River Delta form an integrated economic structure with clear division of labor, mutual promotion and complementary advantages. Redundant construction and internal friction have been fundamentally curbed and eliminated in the system. In this way, the Pearl River Delta may have a huge division effect of 1+ 1 >: 2 and Smith, and continue to maintain a high-speed and stable growth trend, which complements the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone. In the future Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, Guangzhou, as the central city and leading city of politics, economy, information, culture, transportation, finance, education, logistics, health, sports and science and technology in South China, plays a similar role to Shanghai in the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone, and has been defended and supported by other cities, especially recognized by Shenzhen. Shenzhen Stock Exchange will move northward to Guangzhou in due course and be renamed Guangzhou Stock Exchange, thus promoting Guangzhou to become a financial center in the southern region. This will be the most difficult and crucial step in the integration of the Pearl River Delta. Guangzhou should be ready to become the financial center of South China. Besides consolidating its existing advantages, Guangzhou should also focus on developing higher education and high-tech industries, upgrade four key universities to national first-class level, keep pace with Peking University, Tsinghua and Nanjing University, and narrow the gap with Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan and Tianjin in education, science and technology as soon as possible.
Third, the expansion of the economic hinterland of Guangzhou metropolitan area.
According to the analysis of the economic orientation and geographical conditions of the above-mentioned central cities in Guangzhou, the future economic hinterland of Guangzhou should be expanded in the following aspects.
(A) the development of Xijiang River Basin
Xijiang River Basin will be the next region affected by the ripple effect of international capital and industrial transfer, which will help Hong Kong, Macao and the Pearl River Delta to eliminate and transfer sunset industries and accelerate industrial upgrading and economic transformation.
The adjustment and transfer of the world industrial structure has begun. The "wave" of rapid economic growth in Southeast Asia and the "triangle" of economic growth formed by the development of Lancang-Mekong River basin in southwest China provide excellent opportunities for the development of Xijiang River basin, which is almost in the center of the western Pacific, forming various export bases and industrial clusters in Xijiang River basin, making Xijiang River basin the second industrial cluster in the Yangtze River basin.
The underdeveloped areas in Xijiang River basin can attract enterprises from the Pearl River Delta and actively create a relaxed environment. The cost of labor and land in the Pearl River Delta has greatly increased, and some labor-intensive industries need to move out. Compared with the central areas of the Pearl River Delta, these areas still have considerable advantages in land and labor, similar geographical distance and cultural background, and are easily accepted by foreign companies. Although these industries have low technology content and may have low profit and tax levels, they can directly increase employment, increase the economic income of local residents, and promote the development of the tertiary industry and the overall economic growth. The growth poles of Hong Kong, Macao and the Pearl River Delta have formed a strong radiation effect and promoted the regional transfer of industry, technology, capital and talents. If the cities in Xijiang River basin can seize this opportunity and take the initiative to accept radiation, it will certainly promote the adjustment of industrial structure and the transformation of resource advantages into commodity advantages in Xijiang River basin.
It is an urgent requirement for the development of Xijiang river basin to develop southwest China and enhance the development potential of "Pearl River Metropolitan Belt" (especially Guangzhou) and its inland diffusion effect. Xijiang Economic Corridor is located in the middle of Xijiang River Basin, bordering economically developed Pearl River Delta, Hong Kong and Macao in the east and underdeveloped northwest Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou in the west. It is one of the joint parts of eastern and western regions, coastal and inland regions, developed and underdeveloped regions. From Wuzhou city in the middle of the corridor to Guangzhou, a megacity in South China, it is about 300 kilometers to the east, about 400 kilometers to Hong Kong and Macao, and about 300 kilometers to Nanning, the capital of Guangxi. By strengthening the regional ties and cooperation between Xijiang Economic Corridor and Southeast Asia, Zhuhai, Hong Kong, Macao and Southwest China, Guangzhou can seek new development opportunities, give full play to its resource advantages, form a regional production consortium, rationally arrange industries, adjust industrial structure and optimize the regional development system.
The goal and strategy of Xijiang river basin development are: the upper reaches of the Pearl River are rich in mineral resources and forest resources; The middle reaches are moderately developed areas with a certain development foundation; Downstream, especially Hong Kong and Macao, has sufficient funds and well-informed external information. The whole basin can become an economic zone with complementary resources linked by the Pearl River. Specifically, it is necessary to combine the advantages of capital, industry and commodities in Hong Kong, Macao and the Pearl River Delta with the advantages of resources in the middle of the Xijiang River Basin.
1. Establish an export-oriented labor-intensive, resource-intensive and partially technology-intensive "Xijiang Industrial Corridor". Taking Zhaoqing, Wuzhou, Nanning, Liuzhou and other large and medium-sized cities as the starting point of the industrial layout of the Xijiang Corridor, both sides of the Yangtze River can supply sufficient energy, raw materials and various primary products to support the rise of the industrial belt along the Yangtze River. The industries are mainly electronics, machinery and instruments, textiles, food and beverage, medicine, daily light industry, building materials and ceramics. According to the relevant planning ideas, specifically, it is mainly: vigorously develop the food processing industry, the Xijiang Economic Corridor has a solid food industry foundation and many brand-name products; Give full play to the advantages of sugar paper and establish a sugar paper industrial base with a certain scale based on Guigang, Yulin and Wuzhou; Give full play to the advantages of the existing textile chemical industry and establish a textile chemical industry base; Develop mineral resources and vigorously develop raw material industries focusing on non-ferrous metals and building materials.
2. Establish a series of high-quality, high-yield and efficient export-oriented agricultural bases along the Yangtze River to form an agricultural geographical area of tropical fruits, forestry, cash crops and forest by-products. According to the needs of the international market, give full play to the advantages of rich agricultural resources in this region, organize the production of products and processed products, revitalize exports, and strive for more foreign exchange, thus supporting the industrial sector, revitalizing the rural economy, and ultimately promoting the overall development of this region. It should be said that Taiwan Province Province and Thailand have very good successful experiences to learn from. There are a series of plains along the middle and lower reaches of Xijiang River, which are flat and rich in aquatic plants, and have excellent conditions for developing agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and by-fishing. Various aquatic products bases can be established in a large area along the main stream of Xijiang River, and various fruit bases in the south subtropics can be developed along the banks of the river, which is also suitable for the development of various cash crops, such as sericulture, hemp, medicinal materials and anti-season vegetables. At present, the degree of industrialization in the Pearl River Delta has been relatively high, with industry, real estate and agriculture competing for land, agriculture gradually withdrawing, and the proportion of output value created by agriculture in GDP gradually decreasing. The development of agriculture in Xijiang river basin can make up for its shortcomings.
The revitalization of the secondary and tertiary industries in Xijiang River Basin will definitely put forward higher requirements for the primary industry, and the degree of commercialization of agricultural and sideline products will be greatly improved. The market demand will greatly promote the production of by-products of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry here, and will develop into "three high" agriculture. Rivers, railways and highways are convenient here, and foreign exchange-earning agriculture will gradually develop. Xijiang Corridor is adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, connecting the Pearl River Delta, developing lean pig farms, and the export potential of cattle, shrimp, eel, various fish and small animals is huge. At present, the large-scale agriculture in Xijiang Corridor has developed to a certain extent. In addition to becoming the main grain and sugarcane base in Guangxi, animal husbandry, aquaculture, forest by-products, fruits and vegetables have also developed to some extent. Every year, high-quality rice, yellow chicken and lean pig are continuously exported to Guangzhou, and others such as rosin, cinnamon, star anise, fennel oil, litchi, longan and banana.
3. Form a "tourist corridor" along Macao-Guangzhou-Xijiang River. Macao is a pearl connecting the Pearl River Estuary and Xijiang River in the South China Sea, and its city itself is a natural history museum where eastern and western cultures meet and merge. It plays an important role in the world's ancient trip to the East, helping more new tourists from Japan, Southeast Asia, Western Europe, North America and Australia to enter the Xijiang River Basin in China via Macau. There are a number of international and national key scenic spots, historical and cultural cities and nature reserves along the coast of Guangzhou and Xijiang River Basin. Natural and cultural tourism resources are extremely rich. With its subtropical grottoes, lakes and mountains, waterfalls and colorful ethnic customs, various characteristic tourist routes can be established. The combination of natural landscape culture, regional culture, economic and trade culture, food culture and folk culture from Macau to the middle reaches of Xijiang River can form a "Xijiang Tourism Corridor" to attract tourists from Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, Europe, America and Taiwan Province Province and form a new golden tourist route.
(2) the point axis opens the Beijing-Kowloon line and opens up the economy of East China and North China.
The Beijing-Kowloon Line runs through several provinces and is rich in natural and human resources. Taking it as the axis, Guangdong and Hong Kong capital can penetrate northward, cultivate new growth points along the line, cultivate and support key industries, and further radiate Guangdong and Hong Kong capital to inland provinces by using the gradient pattern, so as to form a reasonable flow of capital, technology and talents in the region and optimize the allocation. Guangzhou can move low-level processing enterprises and labor-intensive enterprises along Beijing-Kowloon North, give full play to the advantages of land and labor resources along the line, invest in commodity agriculture and develop rich tourism resources. Through the cooperation between the two places, Guangzhou can spread capital, market and information to the areas along the route, form a good market mechanism and make the Beijing-Kowloon Belt a truly effective economic hinterland.
(3) Establish the economic cooperation zone between Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangxi, and integrate the regional economies of southwest Fujian, southeast Jiangxi and eastern Guangdong.
In the Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, two economic radiation plates, namely, the Pearl River Delta and the Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou Delta, centered on Guangzhou, Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan Province Province, have been formed. Guangzhou's economic radiation was the earliest and most concentrated in these two sectors. With the further acceleration of the trend of world economic integration and regionalization, the Pearl River metropolitan area with Guangzhou as the center can not seek long-term sustained and rapid economic development without cooperation and integration with surrounding areas. Geographically, the Guangdong-Fujian-Jiangxi Economic Cooperation Zone extends from mountainous areas to coastal plain areas, with geographical advantages, resource advantages and overseas Chinese advantages, and strong economic complementarities. Therefore, it is a strategic choice to establish economic zones in southwest Fujian, southeast Jiangxi and east Guangdong and strengthen regional economic exchanges and cooperation. Guangdong-Fujian-Jiangxi Economic Cooperation Zone should pay attention to three strategic priorities: first, the adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure, second, the construction of central cities, and third, the development of tourism.
(4) Accelerate the construction of the Red Triangle Economic Zone and form a "big suburb, back garden and back garden" in Guangzhou.
Start the economy of northern Guangdong, make full use of Hunan, especially southern Hunan's good location adjacent to the Pearl River Delta and the good opportunity of industrial upgrading in the Pearl River Metropolitan Area, and develop southern Hunan and Ganzhou in Jiangxi into important areas to attract industrial transfer in Guangzhou and the Pearl River Metropolitan Area, and at the same time promote the economic growth in the hinterland of Beijing-Guangzhou line. Promote the formation and development of the Red Triangle Economic Zone, and at the same time, as the "big suburb, back garden and back garden" of the Pearl River Delta, make contributions to the development and prosperity of the Pan-Pearl River Delta Economic Zone. The red triangle region actively develops characteristic agriculture, based on the advantages of land, forest, electricity and climate, and around the goal of building the red triangle economic zone into a big vegetable garden, orchard and garden in Guangzhou and the Pearl River Delta, further adjusts the rural industrial structure and actively promotes agricultural industrialization.
Southern Hunan also has a certain industrial base, which is the "rear area and suburb" of Guangzhou and the Pearl River metropolitan area. Hunan, located in the hinterland of the southern section of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, has the conditions and unique advantages to undertake industrial transfer. Due to the developed transportation and agriculture in southern Hunan, and the low price of labor and land, some industries and funds in Guangdong may be directly transferred to southern Hunan across northern Guangdong, which can develop both low-level labor-intensive industries and high-level industries. The development of this region can be considered from two development spaces: Chen Heng axis and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan axis.
(5) Accelerate the development of western Guangdong and narrow the regional development gap.
Western Guangdong is located in the southwest of Guangdong mainland, and Leizhou Peninsula in the south protrudes between the South China Sea and Beibu Gulf, facing Hainan Island. Because it is located at the intersection of subtropics and tropics, the natural resources in this area have both tropical and subtropical characteristics.
Although western Guangdong is the earliest economic opening area in southern China and one of the key areas of tropical and subtropical resources development, its economic effect is not obvious. This is because the internal economic ties are not obvious, the regional economic center is lacking, and a complete transportation system has not yet been formed. Because the maritime traffic between this area and the Pearl River Delta is very convenient, most of the coastal cargo flows are directly concentrated in Guangzhou, and to improve its economic environment, we can start from several big cities in this area and build an economic belt from the coast to Hainan Island and even to southwest and southeast Asia. We can focus on developing port cities and Beibu Gulf economy, take the road of small leap-forward development and build Maoming-Yangjiang-Zhanjiang economic belt.
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