Against the background of international economic imbalance, China's balance of payments has been in a double surplus in recent years, and foreign exchange reserves have been rising. Under the current foreign exchange settlement and sale system, the central bank released the base currency for hedging, and the money supply increased; In addition, after the reform of RMB exchange rate mechanism, in order to keep the exchange rate basically stable, the central bank needs to invest RMB to buy foreign exchange, and the base money supply expands the broad money supply through multiplier effect, resulting in excess domestic liquidity.
Since the reform and opening up, the scale of China's international payments has been expanding. Before 1993, the surplus of current account, capital account and financial account appeared alternately. After 1994, the pattern of "double surplus" of international payments basically took shape. After 200 1, the balance of payments surplus increased continuously. From 200 1 to 2005, the current account surplus totaled $328.2 billion, and the capital and financial account surplus totaled $293.5 billion.
The continuous "double surplus" of international payments promotes the rapid growth of the country's foreign exchange reserves. By the end of February 2006, China has become the world's largest foreign exchange reserve country. By the end of 2006, the balance of China's foreign exchange reserves was US$ 654.38 billion, 5.4 times that of the end of 2000. By the end of March this year, China's foreign exchange reserves had reached US$ 6,543.8+US$ 20.2 million.