In the past few years, it is natural that specific products are exclusively produced by specific enterprises. For example, Wang Mazi's knife scissors must be made by artisans in Wang Mazi's knife scissors shop, and Honda engine is produced by Honda Company of Japan. In other words, the product is exclusively owned by an enterprise in a certain country. The development of economic globalization makes this concept more and more vague. The goods circulating in the international market today are not exclusively produced, or even products made in a certain country, although there are brands from a certain factory, a certain place or a certain country for management needs. The well-known Boeing jetliner is nominally made by Boeing Company of the United States. In fact, the enterprises involved in production include l500 large enterprises and15,000 small enterprises in six countries. Another example is the Airbus aircraft in Europe. Companies involved in R&D and production are foreign, as well as airlines from Germany, Britain, Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy and other countries. Only the final assembly was carried out in Toulouse, France, and the parts made in France were less than 40%. Not only this large-scale equipment with complex structure, but also many small products are produced in this way. The concept of country of origin or country of production of such products is no longer of great significance. It can be said that this is a de facto "product of globalization"-a masterpiece of economic globalization. ?
"Global products" are the result of transnational production of commodities. The rapid and successful development of transnational production of commodities is mainly due to the transnational operation of enterprises and the development of multinational companies. The global expansion of capital is the driving force for the transnational operation of enterprises and the development of multinational companies. In the whole production process, it is an important reason why enterprises and multinational corporations have strong competitiveness and vitality to realize the optimal allocation of production factors on a global scale and produce products with global competitiveness. The whole production process of products is divided into several stages or links. According to the previous production mode, these stages or links are the division of production within enterprises, but in multinational enterprises, they have become the international division of labor on a global scale. Some links (such as parts processing) are carried out in countries with low labor force, some links (such as development and design) are carried out in places with high-quality experts, and some links (such as assembly) are carried out near major sales markets. Therefore, it can be said that "global products" are the result of the best integration of global resources. ?
2. Transnational flow of goods and resources?
Modern industrial socialized production based on division of labor and cooperation has promoted the internationalization of production and exchange and created an international market all over the world. From GATF to' WTO', it is necessary to make this market bigger, more resistant, more free, make international trade more convenient, make commodity circulation faster, and lower transaction costs, so that consumers can benefit from it, and provide enterprises all over the world with a broad space to display their talents, thus further stimulating a wider range of commodity and capital flows. ?
Today, the circulation scale of goods and resources in the international market has reached an unimaginable level. Only 1995, the world's merchandise trade volume reached $5 trillion, equivalent to an average of $ l000 per person for imported goods. The annual growth rate of world trade is generally double digits, and it constantly exceeds the growth rate of output. In other words, more and more products in the world participate in international trade, and many countries have significantly increased their dependence on foreign trade, consciously or unconsciously joining the embrace of the global economy. ?
Today, the worldwide population movement is going on all the time, and its scale exceeds that of any great ethnic migration, whether in China or abroad. Since 1970s, industrialized countries have absorbed more and more foreign workers, with the United States and Canada bearing the brunt. In the 1980s, Western Europe began to recruit a large number of 32 foreign workers, including 3 million from Britain and 3 million from France. During the 65,438+00 years, the number of workers in Middle East oil exporting countries increased by 65,438+00 times. The tide of migrant workers in the eastern coastal cities of China is calculated in billions. ?
Today, the worldwide capital flow (international investment) is almost astronomical. In 1995 alone, the total amount of global foreign exchange transactions reached 500 trillion US dollars, equivalent to 100 times that of commodity trade in that year.