Animal husbandry mainly includes cattle, horses, donkeys, mules, camels, pigs, sheep, chickens, ducks, geese, rabbits and bees, as well as the domestication of wild economic animals such as deer, mink, otter and musk deer. It not only provides raw materials for textile, petroleum, food and medicine industries, but also provides rich foods such as meat, milk, eggs and poultry for people's lives, and provides draught animals and manure for agriculture. Therefore, doing a good job in animal husbandry production is of great significance for promoting economic development, improving people's lives, increasing export materials and enhancing national unity. The conditions for developing animal husbandry are as follows: natural conditions are suitable, that is, light, heat, water and soil are suitable for the growth and development of various grasses and livestock, and the grassland area is large, the quality is good and there are many types; It has a certain material foundation and great production potential, and can achieve less investment, quick effect and high income; Most farmers have experience and skills in animal husbandry production. There are many kinds of animal husbandry, which can be divided into pastoral animal husbandry, agricultural animal husbandry and suburban animal husbandry according to feed types, livestock species composition and management methods.
Animal husbandry plays an important role in the national economy, which mainly includes: ① providing animal food such as meat, milk and eggs. (2) To provide raw materials such as wool, cashmere, leather, bristles, animal bones and casings for industry. ③ Obtaining foreign exchange through the export of livestock products. ④ Promote the development of animal husbandry input industry and livestock product processing industry, and increase employment opportunities. ⑤ Provide organic fertilizer for crop production. ⑥ Increase farmers' income. ⑦ Provide animal power for agriculture and transportation. (8) Promote economic and cultural development in pastoral areas and strengthen national unity.
In the early stage of economic development, animal husbandry often showed as a sideline of crop production, which was called "backyard animal husbandry". With the development of economy, it has gradually developed into a relatively independent industry in some departments. For example: laying hens, broilers, cows, beef cattle, pig industry and so on. China's animal husbandry has experienced 40 years of development, especially after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee. By 1990, the output value of animal husbandry accounts for 26.6% of the total agricultural output value at current prices. With the emergence of relatively independent animal husbandry, it began to differentiate into a powerful industrial sector, that is, various animal husbandry input industries serving animal husbandry production, including the production of machinery, equipment, veterinary drugs and compound feed, as well as the processing industries of various animal husbandry products, such as meat processing industry and milk processing industry. Therefore, animal husbandry in a broad sense often includes agro-industrial joint enterprises that serve it, such as various livestock and poultry companies, joint animal husbandry companies and compound feed companies. In many developed countries in the world, animal husbandry is very developed regardless of the size of land area or population density. Except Japan, the output value of animal husbandry accounts for more than 50% of the total agricultural output value, such as 60% in the United States, 70% in Britain and 80%-90% in some Nordic countries. Since 1980s, the growth rate of China's animal husbandry has far exceeded the world average, and the per capita output or output value of animal husbandry is still lower than the world average. The main ways to develop animal husbandry include: adjusting animal husbandry structure according to local conditions, opening up feed sources, improving livestock varieties, strengthening feeding management, preventing diseases and improving the productivity of unit livestock; At the same time, increase the number of livestock.
Animal husbandry in agricultural areas is called animal husbandry in agricultural areas. The characteristics of animal husbandry in agricultural areas are as follows: ① Mainly grain-consuming animal husbandry. The main types of livestock are pigs, poultry, farm animals and goats. Feed sources are agricultural products, feed grains, straws, weeds, wild vegetables and so on. Grazing is carried out on hillsides and scattered grasslands. ② Dual-purpose animal husbandry is relatively developed, such as raising cattle, horses and donkeys. ③ Feeding mainly in house. Except for short-term stubble grazing after harvest, the rest of the time is artificially raised in the barn. ④ Feed expenses account for a relatively high proportion, generally accounting for more than 65% of the animal husbandry expenses. It can completely realize the combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, with meticulous management and high production level. The mode of operation is mainly farm sideline, as well as state-owned pastures and professional households. At present, rural animal husbandry is still the main body of animal husbandry in China.
In grassland and desert areas, animal husbandry based on grazing is called pastoral animal husbandry. Livestock are mainly herbivores. Extensive management, poor combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, seasonal fluctuation of forage supply, vulnerability to severe weather threats, and low and uneven livestock productivity. Pastoral areas in China are located in the northern and western frontiers, including Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi and other provinces. * * * There are 266 counties (banners) in pastoral, semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, accounting for more than 50% of the country's total land area, and the number of grazing livestock accounts for 22% of the country's total livestock. The basic principles of development are: rational utilization and protection of existing natural grassland; Focus on grassland construction and other construction, such as developing water sources, storing grass and preparing materials, and improving the production conditions of animal husbandry; Adjust the herd structure and develop seasonal production, such as slaughtering lambs in the same year and fattening and slaughtering beef cattle in the early stage to enrich the summer and autumn seasons and avoid the shortage in winter and spring; Combination of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry; Adopt applicable technology and speed up technological transformation.
Grassland animal husbandry is an animal husbandry that uses grassland to graze livestock directly, or uses grassland as forage to mow the land to raise livestock. Grassland in China can be divided into natural grassland, artificial grassland and semi-artificial grassland according to the nature of plant community. According to the distribution of grassland, it can be divided into two types: northern grassland and southern grassland. The problems of grassland animal husbandry in China are the degradation of grassland resources and the low level of animal husbandry productivity. In addition to the lack of advanced management methods, it is also related to the poor natural conditions in these areas. The main ways to develop grassland animal husbandry are: ① improving grassland. (2) Expand artificial grass planting where conditions permit. (3) build a barn. ④ Strengthening the construction of service system. ⑤ Reform the unreasonable circulation system.
According to the principles and indicators of animal husbandry regionalization, and on the basis of fully considering the regional differences of feed resources, natural environment, feeding technology and social needs, as well as national customs and production characteristics, China's animal husbandry is divided into seven animal husbandry regional types: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Meng Xin Plateau, Loess Plateau, Southwest Mountain Area, Northeast China, Huanghuai Sea Area and East China Sea Area. This paper summarizes the resources, development conditions and main problems of animal husbandry by region, and puts forward the development direction and main measures of animal husbandry in each region.