Shanghai Yangshan PK Zhejiang Beilun, whether it is a regional economy or an integrated economy, the battle for the first port of China in the Yangtze River Delta has become a reality. 1October 2nd, 165438 International Shipping (China) Annual Meeting was held in Shanghai. At the meeting, more than a dozen domestic and foreign shipping giants, such as Maersk, Hutchison Whampoa and COSCO, set their sights on Shanghai Yangshan Deepwater Port, which is about to open. 165438+1At the beginning of October, Yangshan Port conducted a series of final security and fire drills, and Shanghai Port Group has also adjusted all European routes from Waigaoqiao to Yangshan Port. At this time, just a few tens of nautical miles away, Ningbo Port, which currently ranks second in the country in throughput, is also expanding the Beilun Port Area in an orderly manner, and the Hangzhou Bay Bridge from Cixi to Jiaxing in Ningbo is also under intense construction. China's top two ports, in order to become a super polar port in China and even the world, are launching a PK along the coastline. Beilun, with the right climate and the right people, is the place where the port needs to be built most. In this respect, Zhejiang Beilun Port has obvious advantages over Shanghai Yangshan Port built on Xiaoyangshan Island. Residents near Luchao Port in Shanghai told reporters that typhoons will affect them for a long time every year. The staff of Yangshan Office of Shanghai Port Administration also said that Yangshan Port will definitely be unable to operate for more than ten days every year because of typhoon. Ningbo Beilun Port Area is surrounded by Zhoushan Islands, and it will be much less affected by typhoon. Jiang Tao, deputy general manager of Ningbo Port Beilun Second Container Co., Ltd. said that Yangshan Port only has about 280 working days each year, much less than Beilun Port. Moreover, for regular container flights, the flight delay rate is a factor that must be considered. In addition, the draft of Beilun Port is deeper than that of Yangshan Port. Although Yangshan Port is a deep-water port, its draft is only 15m, while Beilun Port is 17m. Yangshan Port Phase I Wharf was built on Xiaoyangshan Island in Shengsi Islands, and its connection with Shanghai was realized by Donghai Bridge with a total length of 32.5 kilometers. The cost of five deep-water berths and Donghai Bridge in the first phase of Yangshan Island alone exceeds 654.38+042 billion yuan, while the budgeted cost of the whole Yangshan Port project is said to exceed 654.38+000 billion yuan. In contrast, Beilun Port is built on land, and the construction cost is much less than Yangshan Port. Zhoushan's position is the most mysterious in the competition between the two ports. No matter Yangshan Port or Beilun Port, it is necessary to "borrow the island" from Zhoushan. Xiaoyangshan Island, where Yangshan Port Phase I Terminal is located, is located in Shengsi Archipelago, Zhoushan City, and Zhejiang Province is also planning to build a unified brand of "Ningbo Zhoushan Port". At present, Jintang Island and Liuheng Island are being developed, which are rich in coastline resources. At present, the state has approved the establishment of Yangshan Port Area, and the port management, navigation management and port operation rights of Yangshan Port are completely owned by Shanghai, and the administration belongs to Zhejiang. This division will inevitably make Yangshan Port face many "wrangling" problems in the future construction. Ningbo and Zhoushan, both in Zhejiang Province, are easier to cooperate. The leader of Zhejiang Port and Shipping Bureau revealed: "According to the goal of the provincial government, Ningbo Zhoushan Port will become the largest port in China within three years." According to the figures released by the World Shipping Annual Conference, in the past two years, China has become the focus of the world shipping industry, accounting for more than 60% of world shipping's trade growth. Although China still only accounts for 65,438+00% of world shipping's imports and 5% of its maritime exports, it has a great impact on the world maritime industry due to its rapid growth. Compared with the growth rate of China shipping, the funding gap of China port construction is quite huge. In this context, the intensity of foreign investment in terminals is increasing year by year, and Yangshan Port Terminal has attracted more than ten international shipping giants to queue up to pay the bill. Recently, the second phase project of Shanghai Yangshan Port was finally announced to the owners. The consortium composed of Hutchison Whampoa, COSCO Group and Maersk was approved by the Shanghai Municipal Government, and the two sides also initialled the agreement. Yangshan Port has attracted international giants, and Beilun Port has not fallen behind. According to Merrill Lynch's report, at present, the first and third phases of Beilun Port are wholly owned by the state; The second phase is a joint venture between Hong Kong's largest terminal operator and Huangningbo Port Authority at the ratio of 49%: 5 1%; The fourth phase is a joint venture between Ningbo Port Authority, Mediterranean Shipping Company, Italian mail ship and Taiwan Province Evergreen Company; The fifth phase of Daxie Island Wharf is jointly built by China Merchants Group, Ningbo Port Group and Daxie Island Development Bureau. Huang Weiping, director of container development department of Ningbo Port Group Co., Ltd., believes that Ningbo Port is very confident in cooperation with foreign capital, and introducing more competitors is a trend of Ningbo Port's development in the future. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Communications, the container throughput of Shanghai Port in 2004 was 6.5438+0.455 million TEUs, and that of Ningbo Port in 2004 was 4 million TEUs. According to the plan, by 20 10, the throughput of Shanghai Port will reach 25 million TEUs, and that of Ningbo Port will reach 100000 TEUs, and the sum of them will reach 35 million TEUs. From insufficient capacity to excess capacity, it is a problem that both Shanghai Port and Ningbo Port must face. In the view of Ningbo Port Group, the hinterland is also the biggest advantage of Shanghai. As the leader of the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone, Shanghai has an extremely obvious radiation effect, and can even penetrate into the central regions such as Wuhan and Changsha through the Yangtze River. At the beginning of the expansion of Beilun Port, the relevant parties in Ningbo Port always hoped that Jiangxi and Anhui, which are closer to Zhejiang, would become their hinterland, but in the end it backfired. 65438+On June 8, 2004, Shanghai International Port Group and its subsidiary Shanghai Port Container Co., Ltd. invested 20160,000 yuan and168,000 yuan in cash, respectively, holding 30% and 25% shares of the reorganized WISCO Group, and finally holding Wuhan Port. Before the opening of Yangshan Deepwater Port, Shanghai Port Group had already started to explore the container supply in the Yangtze River basin, and stabilizing the container supply was to stabilize and enhance the status of Shanghai Port. Since the Shanghai container was listed in July 2000, it has achieved rapid development: in 2004, the company's main business income reached 4.043 billion yuan. In contrast, Ningbo Shipping, a listed company relying on Ningbo Port, was far less chic in the capital market, and its main business income in 2004 was only 865.438+0 billion yuan. The opening of Yangshan Port not only brought great pressure to Ningbo Port, but also affected some ports in South Korea and Japan. The South Korean Consulate in Shanghai recently submitted a report to the South Korean government and the Presidential Palace, analyzing the impact of the completion of Yangshan Port. It is pointed out that the abandonment of Yangshan Port has impacted South Korea's plan to establish a logistics center in Northeast Asia by using Busan Port. After the completion of Yangshan Port, the cargo throughput of Busan Port will be reduced by 30%. In the long run, the problem faced by Yangshan Port and Beilun Port is excess capacity, but today, the problem is still insufficient capacity. In the view of Shanghai Port Group and Ningbo Port Group, competition certainly exists, but cooperation is also the proper theme. Many scholars believe that Beilun Port in Ningbo and Yangshan Port in Shanghai are redundant in some sense. However, another voice believes that the port dispute in the Yangtze River Delta triggered by Yangshan Port is fair competition under the conditions of market economy. In this competition, both sides unanimously chose "entrepot" as the card of PK. At present, 60%-70% of the containers handled by Singapore Port and Hong Kong Port are re-exported, while the main source of Shanghai Port still comes from the inland economic hinterland, with the re-export ratio less than 3%. Lu Haihua, chairman of Shanghai International Port (Group) Co., Ltd. said: "It is not enough to rely solely on the hinterland to build an international shipping center. Shanghai Port needs to increase its transit capacity to give full play to its function as an international hub port. " At present, Yangshan Port Area is the only bonded port area in China, and it will enjoy tax and foreign exchange management policies related to bonded areas, export processing zones and bonded logistics parks. Ningbo Free Trade Zone located in Beilun has also been approved by the State Council, which can realize the linkage between district and port. In view of the shortage of hinterland resources, Ningbo Port Group has long proposed to change the positioning of the port. It is necessary to increase efforts to attract transshipment cargo ships. In Ningbo Port's view, with the continuous development of the port, in addition to import and export, Ningbo Port will also increase the opportunities for re-export. Moreover, in order to solve the problem of insufficient hinterland in Ningbo, Zhejiang began to build Hangzhou Bay Bridge in 2003. Hangzhou Bay Bridge in Zhejiang will connect Jiaxing and Cixi in the north of Ningbo, which can reduce the driving time from Ningbo to Shanghai by about two hours. At present, the investment of Hangzhou Bay Bridge has increased to 108 billion. After the completion of Hangzhou Bay Bridge, the distance from economically developed southern Jiangsu to Shanghai Yangshan Port and Ningbo Beilun Port will be basically the same. In the view of Ningbo Port Authority, Shanghai Port is the big brother, which is beyond doubt. However, after the completion of Hangzhou Bay Bridge, the logistics cost to Yangshan Port and Beilun Port is basically the same for a city in southern Jiangsu like Suzhou. To win the recognition of these city enterprises, we must work hard on service. The person in charge of the propaganda department of Ningbo Port Group told the reporter: "Zhejiang people have always done more and said less. We never said that we would be the largest port in China. But we also believe that as long as we do our own thing well, everything will come naturally. " As the saying goes, people who don't say PK are not afraid of PK.