Second, the exchange of ancient copper coins, silver and gold in China
The exchange rates among copper coins, silver and gold are always changing, just like foreign exchange prices, which are not as clear as 1 yuan equals 100.
It is described as follows: "The price of gold and silver rose from 1600 to1:0 in the middle and late 20th century, and doubled to 1: 20 by the end of 18." It is known that 1 gold can be exchanged for about 8~ 1 1 silver.
Then there is: "In the early years of Daoguang, one or two pieces of silver were exchanged for silver, that is, one thousand articles; By the time of the Opium War in the 20th year of Daoguang, one or two pieces of silver could be exchanged for sixteen thousand seven hundred pieces of silver.
Since Xianfeng, the price of silver has soared, and one or two pieces of silver can be exchanged for as much as 22,300 pieces of silver. "It is understood that under normal circumstances, 1 silver can be exchanged for about 1000- 1500 copper coins. Ancient 1 penetration money or 1 hanging money was 1000 copper coins.
Extended data
The Evolution of Ancient Currency in China
First, the emergence of Babe
The earliest currency in China was seashells. Shells are commonly found in prehistoric Yangshao culture, Longshan culture and Dawenkou cultural sites, Erlitouxia cultural sites and Shang and Zhou tombs.
By the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, it developed into a bronze shell ant nose coin with inscriptions, forming a formal metal coin, which was mainly circulated in the southern Chu area.
In Shang Dynasty in China, shells were used as money. With the development of commodity economy, natural shells are in short supply, so artificial shell coins have appeared, such as stone shell coins, bone shell coins, mussel shell coins and so on. In the late Shang Dynasty, metal shell coins appeared.
Second, metal currency.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Beibi completely withdrew from the historical stage, and different currencies were formed in different regions due to social conditions and cultural differences. There are mainly: ant nose money in Chu area, cloth money in the Yellow River basin, knife money in Qiyan area and ring money in Sanjin and Shanxi provinces.
After the Qin dynasty destroyed the six countries, it abolished the old coins such as cloth coins and knife coins of various countries, and used square holes and half two coins as legal tender. Since then, the form of China's ancient currency has been fixed, and it has been used until the end of the Qing Dynasty.
Han inherited the Qin system and allowed the people to make their own castings. Copper coins in the Western Han Dynasty were still named by weight, but the weight gradually did not match the name. From the fourth year of Yuanshou (BC 1 19), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered the casting of five baht coins in Shanglin Sanguan, and the right to coin was returned to the central government. There are three main types of copper coins in the Western Han Dynasty: half two, three and five baht.
During the period of social unrest in the Three Kingdoms, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the circulation scope of metal currency was reduced, and the shape and currency were different, which led to the phenomenon of valuing money over money.
With the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, China's chaotic currencies tended to be unified. For three years, Emperor Wendi minted standard five-baht coins and prohibited the circulation of old coins.
Kaiyuan Bao Tong, the annual money minted by Tang Wude for four years, is gone forever, replaced by Bowen monetary system (mainly Bao Tong, Yuanbao and Chongbao). Since then, coins have not been named by weight, but by year.
China Song Dynasty was a relatively developed period of coinage, which surpassed the previous generation in quantity and quality, and was another peak after Wang Mang's money. Copper coins dominated the Song Dynasty and iron coins dominated the Southern Song Dynasty.
Third, the emergence of paper money.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, Jiaozi, the earliest paper money in the world, appeared, followed by other paper money: Huizi and Guanzi, which played an increasingly important role. In addition, money sharing, prison money, kitchen money and annual money also came into being.
By the Yuan Dynasty, paper money had become the basic currency in circulation, and copper coins no longer occupied the main position. At the same time, the circulation of silver accounts for a large proportion. When the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty believed in Buddhism, they invested some small money to support them, and temples were dedicated to the Buddha.
In the Ming dynasty, paper money was vigorously promoted. In the early Ming Dynasty, only paper money was used instead of money. Later it was changed to both paper money and paper money. However, in the Ming Dynasty, only one kind of paper money was issued, Daming Treasure Paper Money.
Baidu Encyclopedia-China Ancient Currency