The Silk Road is an ancient commercial and trade route on land, which started in ancient China and connected Asia, Africa and Europe. Its original function was to transport silk, porcelain and other commodities produced in ancient China, and later it became the main road of economic, political and cultural exchanges between the East and the West.

1877, German geologist Richthofen named the "Silk Road" from BC 1 14 to AD 127 as "the traffic road between China and Central Asia, and between China and India", which was quickly accepted by the academic circles and the public.

Later, in the book "The Ancient Silk Road between China and Syria" published at the beginning of the 20th century, German historian Herman further extended the Silk Road to the west coast of the Mediterranean and Asia Minor based on newly discovered archaeological data, and determined the basic connotation of the Silk Road, that is, the passage of ancient China to South Asia, West Asia, Europe and North Africa through Central Asia.

From the mode of transportation, the Silk Road is mainly divided into the land Silk Road and the maritime Silk Road.

The overland Silk Road refers to the Western Han Dynasty (202-8 years ago) when Emperor Wu sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, starting from the capital Chang 'an (Jin 'an), passing through Liangzhou, Jiuquan, Guazhou, Dunhuang, Central Asian countries, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq and Syria, reaching the Mediterranean Sea and ending in Rome, with a total length of 6,440 kilometers. This road is considered to be the intersection of ancient eastern and western civilizations connecting Asia and Europe, and silk is the most representative commodity.

The Maritime Silk Road refers to the maritime passage for economic and cultural exchanges between ancient China and other parts of the world, which was first opened in the Qin and Han Dynasties. From Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Ningbo, Yangzhou and other coastal cities, from Nanyang to the Arabian Sea, and even as far as the east coast of Africa, it is the "Maritime Silk Road" for maritime trade.

With the development of the times, the Silk Road has become the general name of all political, economic and cultural exchanges between ancient China and the West. In addition to the "Silk Road on Land" and the "Silk Road on the Sea", there is also the "Grassland Silk Road" that goes north to the Mongolian Plateau, then west to the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain and enters Central Asia.

Second, the background of the times.

Today, the world is undergoing complex and profound changes, the deep-seated impact of the international financial crisis continues to emerge, the world economy is slowly recovering and developing, the international investment and trade pattern and multilateral investment and trade rules are brewing profound adjustments, and the development problems faced by countries are still grim. * * * Building the "Belt and Road" conforms to the trend of world multipolarization, economic globalization, cultural diversity and social informatization, upholds the spirit of open regional cooperation and is committed to maintaining the global free trade system and an open world economy.

* * * The Belt and Road Initiative aims to promote the orderly and free flow of economic factors, efficient allocation of resources and deep market integration, promote the coordination of economic policies among countries along the route, and carry out regional cooperation on a larger scale, at a higher level and at a deeper level. * * * We will jointly build an open, inclusive, balanced and inclusive regional economic cooperation framework. * * * Building the "Belt and Road" conforms to the fundamental interests of the international community, highlights the common ideal and beautiful pursuit of human society, is an active exploration of a new model of international cooperation and global governance, and will add new positive energy to world peace and development. ?

* * * Building the "Belt and Road" is dedicated to the interconnection of Asia, Europe, Africa and nearby waters, establishing and strengthening the interconnection partnership of countries along the route, building an all-round, multi-level and compound interconnection network, and realizing the diversified, independent, balanced and sustainable development of countries along the route.

The "One Belt, One Road" interconnection project will promote the docking and coupling of the development strategies of countries along the route, tap the potential of regional markets, promote investment and consumption, create demand and employment, enhance cultural exchanges and mutual learning of civilizations among people along the route, and enable people of all countries to know, trust and respect each other and enjoy a harmonious, peaceful and prosperous life.

In the past 30 years, China has made great achievements in the cause of reform and opening up. At the same time, there are still some problems, such as lack of top-level design, lack of ambition and insufficient attention to improving the international development environment. It is urgent to strengthen the systematic integration of reform and opening-up measures in all aspects. Promoting reform through opening up is the basic experience of China's reform and opening up. The secret of its success lies in introducing external supervision into corporate governance and government governance by actively integrating into the world market, thus improving governance efficiency.

However, for more than 30 years, the external supervision created by macro-level or micro-level reform is not real external supervision, and the subject of supervision is only the embodiment of the ruling party to a certain extent, rather than the subject outside the governance system. The problem of inefficiency has not been fundamentally solved, and it is urgent to comprehensively deepen reform. The "Belt and Road" strategy is not only the general program of China's opening to the outside world in the future, but also the key to comprehensively deepening reform.

By integrating into international governance and developing transnational property rights cooperation of state-owned enterprises, the implementation of the "One Belt, One Road" strategy will effectively avoid the limitations of "Western experience", prevent governance itself from being digested by the "short-sighted" market, and adhere to the "Four Cardinal Principles". At the same time, it will further introduce supervisory subjects from outside the governance system for China's economic governance, state governance and social governance, create stronger and more effective external supervision, and fundamentally solve the governance efficiency problem.

At present, under the new economic normal and the "idling" situation of reform, it is urgent to strengthen the construction of a new open economic system under the guidance of the "Belt and Road" strategy and comprehensively promote the reform and development in various fields in China, especially the supply-side reform.

At present, China's economy is highly correlated with the world economy. China will always adhere to the basic national policy of opening to the outside world, build a new pattern of all-round opening, and deeply integrate into the world economic system. Promoting the "Belt and Road" construction is not only the need for China to expand and deepen its opening up, but also the need to strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation with Asian, European and African countries. China is willing to undertake more responsibilities and obligations within its capacity and make greater contributions to the peaceful development of mankind.

20 15 10 19, the "One Belt, One Road" national statistical development conference was held in Xi, Shaanxi. At the meeting, Wang Baoan, former director of the National Bureau of Statistics, proposed that countries along the Belt and Road should further strengthen government statistical exchanges and cooperation, and strive to provide accurate and reliable statistical data for the sustainable development of all countries.

Wang Baoan pointed out that information interconnection is the foundation of economic interconnection, and the "Belt and Road Initiative" will promote intergovernmental statistical cooperation and information exchange, and provide decision-making basis and support for pragmatic cooperation and mutual benefit. The statistics department of China government will actively carry out the statistics and monitoring of relevant indicators of sustainable development and vigorously promote the construction of modern statistical system;

With a more active and open attitude, strive to provide authoritative statistical data on China's economic and social development, actively collect and sort out statistical data of countries related to the Belt and Road, further improve the international comparability of China's statistical data, and share China's statistical reform and development practice with other countries; Together with the national government statistical agencies along the "Belt and Road", we will strive to strengthen statistical exchanges and cooperation and study and establish a statistical data exchange and sharing mechanism.

The 7th1UN General Assembly resolution welcomed the economic cooperation initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative, urged all parties to adopt the Belt and Road Initiative, and called on the international community to provide a safe and secure environment for the Belt and Road Initiative. On 20 16 12 16 (the "Belt and Road" International Day), volunteers from overseas students held a celebration, and flags were flown at half mast at United Nations Headquarters. ?

Third, the background of China

1, overcapacity, excess foreign exchange assets; Population and economic scale data of countries and regions along the route.

2. China's oil and gas resources and mineral resources are highly dependent on foreign countries;

China's industry and infrastructure are concentrated in coastal areas. If you encounter external attacks, it is easy to lose the core facilities;

4. The overall situation in China's border areas is at its best in history, and the willingness of neighboring countries to strengthen cooperation with China has generally increased.

Extended data:

Theoretical basis of "Belt and Road";

The author of the bipolar world theory claims that on the basis of inheriting and developing the basic principles of Marxism, especially the theory of world history, this theory comprehensively uses materialist dialectics, geopolitics, geopolitics and social morphology to study and analyze the historical structure of the world, which provides the theoretical basis and basic principles for implementing the "Belt and Road" strategy.

The "Belt and Road Initiative" has brought the principle of the third-generation bipolar world process from theory to reality, that is, the principle of economic cooperation before politics, the principle of regional promotion in Central Asia, Russia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Africa and finally Europe, the principle of industrial progress before competitive areas and natural monopoly areas, and especially the principle of gradual property rights cooperation based on the basic principles of socialism have been initially reflected.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Belt and Road (National Top Cooperation Initiative)