For reference only! The 60-year development of New China is the largest modernization in human history, which has played a grand prelude to national rejuvenation and started a great journey to change the world. To evaluate the development achievements of new China in the past 60 years, we must never talk about 60 years in 60 years, let alone talk about China in China. We should grasp these 60 years in the long history and world pattern, observe them in the history of the rise and fall of the Chinese nation for thousands of years, especially in the history of national self-improvement in the past hundred years, and consider them in the history of the progress of the whole human society, especially in the history of modernization in the past 300 years. With these two coordinate systems, we can accurately evaluate China's development achievements from the perspective of history and the world. Throughout the history of the rise and fall of the whole Chinese nation, the 60 years of New China is the biggest change of Chinese civilization for thousands of years, which has enabled our ancient nation, which has long occupied the center of human civilization, to catch up with the latest wave of modernization and open the door to the fate of returning to the center of the world stage after nearly a hundred years. Modernization is the basic theme of the development of human society today, and it is also the main thread that runs through the modern history of China. Since the Opium War, the Chinese nation has declined rapidly. Marked by the founding of New China, we have grasped this main line, and the Chinese nation is rapidly reviving. In the history of Chinese civilization for thousands of years, the establishment of New China is a watershed between industrial civilization and agricultural civilization, and between traditional society and modern society. These 60 years have witnessed the most comprehensive, profound and rapid changes in the history of China. It can be described by four major changes. The first great change: in the past 60 years, we have achieved the most profound economic transformation in the history of the Chinese nation, completely ended the agricultural society that lasted for thousands of years, and strode into the middle and late stage of industrialization. The core symbol that divides agricultural civilization and industrial civilization, traditional society and modern society is economic form. The reason why China has been ahead of other countries in the world in the past 20 centuries 18 centuries is that it has established a highly developed agricultural economy. But it is precisely for this reason that the transformation of China's traditional society is facing greater institutional resistance than other countries in the world. After the founding of New China, we quickly opened the historical curtain of industrialization, completely deconstructed the self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy, and for the first time in the history of China, a modern economic pattern of socialized large-scale production, large circulation and large market was formed. The key word to describe this profound change is "world factory". China has become the manufacturing center of the world, and "Made in China" sells well all over the world. In China in the past, "foreign goods" was synonymous with industrial products; In today's world, "China Goods" has become the largest source of industrial products. It took developed countries in Europe and America nearly three centuries to let 654.38 billion people enter the industrial society. It took only 60 years for China to bring 65.438+300 million people into the industrial society. This is the biggest change of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. The second great change: in the past 60 years, we have achieved the most remarkable improvement in the country's economic strength, completely ended the economic downturn that lasted for more than a century, and re-emerged as a powerful engine for stimulating world economic development, laying a solid material foundation for national rejuvenation. Economic strength is the fundamental force that determines the rise and fall of a country and a nation. In the past two thousand years, China's economy has shown such a big trend: from the first year of AD to 1500, China's total economic output accounts for about 25% of the world's total economic output; By 1750, China's total economic output accounted for 32% of the world's total economic output, reaching the highest value. Then, because China's economy could not keep up with the tide of world industrialization, it fell sharply and once fell to the bottom of 1.8%. After the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, China's economy began to rebound rapidly, accounting for 7.3% of the world economy in 2008. Over the past 60 years, China has achieved the fastest economic strength in the history of the Chinese nation. It took us 37 years for the economic aggregate to break through the trillion mark; It took 15 years to break through the 10 trillion mark; It took only five years to break through the 20 trillion mark again; It took only two years to break through the 30 trillion mark. Using a key word to describe the current position of China's economy in the world economic structure is the "economic engine". China has become the most important growth engine of the world economy and has made the greatest contribution to the world economic growth for many years. According to the forecast of the United Nations, China's contribution rate is expected to exceed 50% this year. China has become the world's largest foreign exchange reserve country and the largest export trading country, and is expected to surpass Japan to become the second economic power in the near future. The third major change: In the past 60 years, we have achieved unprecedented improvement in people's livelihood, making China, once poor and backward, quickly approach the ranks of the world's "high school and other income countries" and begin to realize the Chinese dream of a Millennium "great society". Last year, China's per capita GDP exceeded US$ 3,200, and it is expected to quickly leap into the ranks of "high school and other income countries". This has greatly improved people's living standards and laid a solid material foundation for realizing the Chinese dream of "Great Harmony Society" for thousands of years. In these 60 years, we have realized the Millennium dream of "no pain and no tax" for the first time in the history of China, completely ending the history of farmers paying "national tax on imperial grain" for more than 2,600 years; Realize the Millennium dream of "learning to teach" for the first time, and build a free compulsory education system covering the whole country, with the population coverage rate of "two basics" reaching 99.3%; For the first time, realize the Millennium dream of "providing for the elderly", comprehensively establish the basic old-age insurance system in cities and towns, and start the pilot project of new rural social old-age insurance; The Millennium dream of "getting medical care for the sick" was realized for the first time, and a social medical insurance system covering urban and rural areas was basically established. The Millennium dream is coming true, which is another great change in China. The fourth major change: In the past 60 years, we have made the most profound and positive changes to the natural and geographical features of China, completely breaking the serious natural obstacles that restrict development and making China an organic whole with highly smooth economic and social ties. The development of human society is inevitably accompanied by artificial transformation of natural geographical characteristics. The activities of the Chinese nation to transform the natural geographical features have never been so complicated, profound and systematic as today. First, a three-dimensional efficient transportation system covering land, sea and air has been built. Dense road network, railway network, aviation network and water transport network make traffic facilities reach the sea, enter villages and households, and link urban and rural areas, which greatly shortens the time and space distance of China and turns every corner of China into a node on the traffic network. The second is to build a water conservancy project system with strong regulation function. The operation of a large number of water conservancy projects marked by the "South-to-North Water Transfer Project" has initially changed the regional pattern of uneven distribution of water resources in China, and greatly improved the flood control and drought resistance. Third, a communication network system covering the whole country and reaching the world has been built. There are more than 700 million mobile phone users and 340 million Internet users. China is rapidly entering the information age. Over the past 60 years, we have built numerous major projects, such as "the high gorge goes out of Pinghu" and "the natural moat turns into a thoroughfare", led the Yangtze River into the Yellow River, and built a railway leading to the "roof of the world", creating a series of Guinness Records in the history of world engineering. We have transformed physical geography in an unprecedented breadth and depth, connecting all administrative divisions, natural regions, economic units and social cells in China into a closely connected and highly integrated organic whole. Throughout the history of human social progress, the new China has greatly promoted the modernization process of the whole world in the past 60 years, created a series of successful models and beneficial experiences of economic and social development, and set a typical example for the vast number of underdeveloped countries to achieve prosperity and strength. The world significance of the new China's development achievements lies not only in its own success in accelerating the world development process, but also in its successful model's reference to the world development. The first contribution: within 60 years, the world's largest population group has been lifted out of poverty irreversibly, which is of great demonstration significance for promoting the cause of human anti-poverty. Getting rid of hunger and poverty is the basic requirement of human progress. Since the primitive society, human beings have begun to struggle against poverty and hunger, but up to today, 1/6 people in the world still live below the poverty line. New China leads the world with a population of 1.5, basically solving the problem of food and clothing in only 36 years, and entering a well-off society in only 5 1 year. The World Bank announced in 2008 that 67% of the global anti-poverty achievements in the past 25 years came from China. China's successful poverty alleviation has provided important experience for the vast number of third world countries and the poor people in the world. Second contribution: within 60 years, we have successfully set the world's first model of a peaceful rising power, which is of great significance to building a sustainable, stable and harmonious world. Throughout history, the rise of world powers is based on blood and fire, accompanied by external expansion and military conquest. The rise of such a great power is an "extension" to expand Zhang Zhilu, and its own prosperity is based on the decline of other countries. The rise of China is an "endogenous" development path, and it insists on building the country's prosperity on the basis of world prosperity. Over the past 60 years, we have always pursued the strategy of "peaceful rise" and actively played the role of "builder" rather than "deconstruction" of the international order. In particular, China's opening to the outside world has opened up a new type of state-to-state relations in which countries with different ideologies have achieved win-win exchanges and cooperation. This rise is of far-reaching significance to the realization of lasting peace in the world. The third contribution: in the past 60 years, we have created a world miracle of sustained and rapid growth of large economies, which is of great significance to the vast number of late-developing countries to accelerate the process of economic catch-up. In the modern history of mankind, there are two most important miracles for the backward countries to catch up with the advanced countries: one is that the United States catches up with Britain, and the other is that Japan catches up with the United States. But neither the American miracle nor the Japanese miracle can be compared with the China miracle. In the process of catching up with the United States for more than 50 years, the average annual economic growth rate is only 4%; Although the golden period of Japanese economy reached 9.8%, it only lasted 18 years. However, China has maintained a growth rate of over 8% for 60 consecutive years, setting a world record of 9.8% annual growth for 30 years. China, a complex economy with the largest population and profound social transformation, has been able to maintain its development trend for such a long time and at such a high speed, creating a unique successful example in the history of world development. Fourth contribution: We have creatively carried out the successful practice of socialist market economy construction within 60 years, which is of great empirical significance to prove the superiority of the socialist system. Marxism believes that socialism is superior to capitalism because it can create more developed productive forces. However, the profound root of "drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe" is precisely the serious backwardness of economic development in these countries. This has caused great setbacks to the world socialist movement, and also made the superiority of the socialist system widely questioned. In this context, China creatively put forward the theory of socialist market economy, which combined the basic socialist system with the means of market economy development for the first time, releasing the powerful institutional vitality to promote development. In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's economy has developed strongly at a speed much higher than that of capitalist countries. Today, 20 years after the "drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe", the banner of socialism is not only unyielding, but also more dazzling! China's successful practice proved the scientific nature of Marxism with eloquent facts, enhanced the persuasiveness and influence of the socialist system in the world, and promoted the beneficial exploration of the more Gao Wenming form of mankind. I think the significance of the 60-year development of New China lies in that it has completely destroyed the industrial system of small-scale peasant economy, which is a repetitive and simple reproduction, thus transforming the irrational factors of Chinese civilization based on this economic root, changing the introverted civilization characteristics and national mentality of the Chinese nation, and giving birth to a tension from the inside out. On the basis of the fierce social revolution destroying the traditional social structure, 60 years' development has reshaped China's dynamic and efficient social organization system. The implementation of reform and opening up has greatly stimulated the Chinese nation's nature of being good at getting rich and daring to innovate. The combination of these factors has revived the Chinese civilization that has never stopped for thousands of years, freed the Chinese nation from the chaotic historical cycle of ups and downs every few decades or hundreds of years, and irreversibly embarked on a road of self-renewal and self-evolution. This is the most fundamental and long-term significance of 60 years' development to the Chinese nation.