1. Functional coordination of eight major cities
(1) Jinan City
Covering an area of 799850.28hm2, the population is 6,428,800, and the per capita disposable income is13,578.84 yuan (in 2005, the same below), which is 1 17% of the provincial average. The GDP in 2005 was 1, 876,5438+0 billion yuan, accounting for 1.005438+0.3% of the whole province.
Jinan is currently the political, cultural, economic and trade center of Shandong Province, so it is very important to protect Jinan spring water in urban development. Therefore, Jinan cannot expand indefinitely, which will destroy the natural environment and induce more bad phenomena.
Therefore, it is suggested that Jinan reduce urban functions. The old city with springs is mainly used as a place for politics, culture, scientific research and tourism, and the western region can develop commerce, economy, trade, finance and corresponding industrial zones.
② Qingdao
Area1110268.02hm2, population 8 195500, and per capita disposable income 129 19.84 yuan, which is the average of the whole province. The total industrial output value reached 43161280,000 yuan, accounting for10/8% of the whole province. Qingdao is currently the center of shipping, electronics industry, culture, science and technology and trade. According to the natural conditions of Qingdao, the future will focus on the development of shipping, electronics, information and fisheries. Judging from Qingdao's water and soil resources, Qingdao is not suitable for excessive population development in urban areas. In the future, the population development of the old city should be restricted. Water-saving, electricity-saving and pollution-free enterprises such as petrochemical industry and advanced manufacturing industry can develop appropriately in Huangdao and its counties, but not in coastal urban areas. Strong earthquakes also occurred in Bohai Bay and the Yellow Sea. In addition, seawater intrusion in Qingdao is very serious, and the future sea level rise will aggravate seawater intrusion, which is a problem that needs attention in the future development, and a corresponding disaster chain early warning system should be established.
(3) Zibo City
It covers an area of 5,96517.09 hm2, with a population of 4,424,400. The per capita disposable income is120,31.82 yuan, which is the provincial average 1.03%. In 2005, the GDP was 65.438+043.095 billion yuan, and the per capita GDP was 32.553 yuan, accounting for 65.438+002% of the province's per capita. Mainly in central and southern Shandong, water and soil resources are not rich. At present, the main industries in Zibo are coal energy and petrochemical industry, but in 2005, the output value of the primary industry was only 6 billion yuan, the output value of the secondary industry reached 95.578 billion yuan, and the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was 65.438+0.10.02847 billion yuan, accounting for 2.9% of the province.
Therefore, Zibo should continue to develop coal energy, petrochemical and other related industries, as well as ceramic industry. In addition, Zibo should develop modern water-saving agriculture and agricultural products processing industry, and rationally develop and utilize karst water resources.
(4) Dongying City
It covers an area of 792325.65hm2 and has a population of 1, 945,438+0,000 people. In 2005, the GDP was1161400 million yuan, and the per capita disposable income was 14929.28 yuan, which was the highest in the province. The total agricultural output value is 9.231.83 million yuan, accounting for 2.4% of the province. The profit of the city's oil and gas exploration industry is only 77.08 million yuan.
Because the coastal zone of Dongying City is flat, seawater intrusion has been very serious at present, and land subsidence has also occurred, so the development of Dongying City should be in the high place near the sea. Besides the oil and gas industry, other alternative industries should be developed. Dongying still has a large amount of land resources, so more measures should be taken to introduce Huang Ji salt and expand the supply of water resources. Agriculture has a bright future.
(5) Yantai
Area 1374645.7hm2, population 6935438+0000. The mining output value reached 2901084,000 yuan, accounting for 5.65% of the Shandong Peninsula mining output value of 51kloc-0/807,620 yuan. The output value of seafood reached11579.88 million yuan (fishery was11769.82 million yuan), accounting for 25.28% of the total output value of seafood in Shandong Peninsula of 376141200,000 yuan.
In Yantai area, there have been many earthquakes of magnitude 5 ~ 6 in history. This place is close to the strong earthquake area in Weihai, and the earthquake problem still needs attention. The problem of seawater intrusion in Yantai is also serious. Zhifu, Laishan, Mu Ping and Fushan Development Zones, as well as cities and counties such as Longkou, Laizhou, Haiyang, Laiyang, Zhao Xuan and Long Island, have accumulated seawater intrusion of 495km2. Over-exploitation of groundwater in Laizhou Bay has formed a large-scale descending funnel, and the groundwater level has dropped by 2. 14m. The decline of groundwater also aggravated seawater intrusion, which increased the salinity of groundwater from 124mg/L in 1995 to 4,409.56 mg/L in 2000, and the salinity of groundwater increased by 35.5 times in five years. In the future, Yantai can further develop into a seafood production and processing center, and mining and tourism will also further develop.
In the future, Yantai needs to consider the prevention and control of disasters, including storm surges, seawater intrusion and earthquakes. It needs to make an emergency plan and establish a climate-geological disaster chain and a prediction and early warning system for the prevention and control of related disasters.
(6) Weihai
Land area 1600488.84hm2, population 2,775,900. The GDP is11697.7 billion yuan, which is 9.5% of Shandong Peninsula1224.9 billion yuan. It is 6.3% of the province's185168.7 billion yuan; The output value of seafood is 125 788 1 10,000 yuan, accounting for 10% of the city's total output value and 27.65% of Shandong's 37614120,000 yuan. The mining output value is only 263.954 million yuan. Large-scale agriculture includes agriculture, animal husbandry, fishing, forestry and fishing, with a total output value of 20,474.47 million yuan, accounting for 17.5% of the total regional output value.
There have been earthquakes of magnitude 8 and 6 in the history of Weihai. The problem of seawater intrusion also needs to take further protective measures as soon as possible in the future.
(7) Weifang
Area 1600488.84hm2, population 87 16200. In 2005, the total output value was1471700 million yuan, and the total industrial output value was 2724 1383 yuan. The total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is 39,977.42 million yuan, accounting for 27. 17% of the total output value of the peninsula. The fishery output value reached 2154.96 million yuan, of which the seafood output value was164.027 million yuan. Shouguang's vegetable base in this area enjoys a high reputation in the whole country, providing vegetable supply for cities such as Beijing. There is relatively more land per capita, but the cultivated land is limited. Starting from water and soil resources, on the basis of existing farmland and vegetable garden planting, it is appropriate to further develop precision agriculture and ecological agriculture, and establish an advanced agricultural base that can better save water and land in the process of developing large agriculture.
An earthquake of magnitude 7 occurred in Weifang area, which is also the area where groundwater falls to form a big funnel, and there is also the problem of seawater intrusion. Shouguang northern plain is located in the western section of Laizhou Bay coastal plain, with Quaternary stratum thickness of 200 ~ 300m, high salinity saline-alkali land width of 20 ~ 30km, and salt water layer thickness of more than100m ... Therefore, in order to ensure the agricultural development of Shouguang Plain, controlling seawater intrusion is the primary problem, which involves the rational development and utilization of groundwater and surface water, and the rational recharge and storage of surface water and groundwater to inhibit seawater intrusion.
(8) Rizhao City
It covers an area of 534799.20hm2 and has a population of 2,695,400, with a total output value of 42.65 billion yuan, of which the output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is 654.38+0.207,654.38+0.07 million yuan, accounting for 20.3% of the total output value. The output value of seafood is 375 1.05 million yuan, accounting for 30% of the big agriculture. Judging from the water, soil conditions and population of Rizhao City, there is still room for development in the future. Therefore, from the perspective of urban functional orientation, Rizhao can be regarded as a sister city of Qingdao to develop foreign shipping, foreign trade and tourism.
There was an earthquake in the history of Rizhao City, and seawater intrusion also existed. In the future development, we should build a climate-geological disaster prediction and early warning system together with Qingdao and other coastal cities.
Among the eight cities, Rizhao and Weihai are relatively underdeveloped cities, but Rizhao is better than Weihai. The total export value of Rizhao is $65438 +03234 10000, which is 28.6% of Shandong's $462565438 +0 130000. Weihai is USD 4.734 billion, accounting for10.23% of the whole province; The highest is $ 1942323 million in Qingdao, accounting for 41.99% of the whole province; Followed by Yantai, 648.308 million US dollars, accounting for 14.0438+0%.
From the perspective of tourism foreign exchange income, in 2005, Rizhao City only had $65,438+09,079,000, accounting for only 2.44% of the province's $780,236,5438+00,000; The highest is Yantai, which is 654.38+0320600 USD, accounting for 654.38+06.92% of the whole province.
The above-mentioned urban functional structures are obviously different. For the sake of sustainable development in the future, we can make some adjustments and strive for better development.
2. Several structural strategic issues of sustainable development of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration.
The functional structure of eight cities in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration must adapt to the characteristics of its natural geographical environment and geological environment in order to achieve further sustainable development. On the basis of the above discussion, the following are several strategic issues related to the functions and development paths of the eight cities.
(1) Highlight the development of urban characteristics and functions.
The existing functions of the eight cities are still obvious, so it is suggested to highlight their central characteristics in the future:
1) Jinan-the center of politics, culture, education and tourism;
2) Qingdao-the center of shipping, foreign trade and emerging industries;
3) Zibo-the center of coal energy, chemical industry and ceramics industry;
4) Dongying-oil and gas energy industry center;
5) Yantai-the center of aquatic products, tourism and mining;
6) Weifang-the center of modern agriculture and food industry;
7) Weihai-the center of shipping, foreign trade and tourism;
8) Rizhao-Tourism and Shipping Center.
The specific gravity and grade of the centers listed above are different. What needs to be discussed is where the economic center on the south bank of Bohai Sea, that is, the economic center of Shandong Province should develop. In 2005, Qingdao's GDP reached 269.532 billion yuan, accounting for185168.7 billion yuan. This ratio is not high, and Qingdao's position as an economic center should be further determined in the future. Jinan, whose total output value ranks third in Shandong Province, should give up its desire to develop its economy and become an industrial center due to the limitation of water resources and land resources. In this way, Dalian in the northern wing, Tianjin in the western wing and Qingdao in the southern wing of the Bohai Rim region have become three pillars, while Qingdao is adjacent to the Yellow Sea and the Yangtze River Delta in the south. Its role as an economic and shipping center should be coordinated with Lianyungang in Jiangsu and Yangshan Port in Shanghai.
(2) the joint economic development function of the city
The development of a city has made remarkable achievements. If administrative division is still the basic structure of economic development, it will certainly not develop well, and it will also intensify mutual competition and lead to repeated development. If every city is to become the center of Shandong Peninsula, it will inevitably lead to greater waste of talents and resources, and will also aggravate the damage to the environment. Therefore, in the future, Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration area should emphasize regional coordination, joint efforts of cities and cities, rational planning, integration of resources, and coordinated disaster prevention to achieve better sustainable development prospects. Therefore, in Shandong Peninsula, we can strengthen the cooperation between urban departments and establish * * * development zones.
1) Qingdao (Island)-Yantai (Taiwan) (Weihai) Development Zone: It is a development zone connecting the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in Shandong Peninsula, and forms an independent development zone layout with Tianjin-Tangshan Development Zone in the west wing of Bohai Bay and Dalian-Jinzhou Development Zone in the north wing. Qingdao-Yantai Development Zone should become an emerging industry and aquaculture center such as economy, trade, shipping and electronics. In the south wing of Bohai Sea and in the north of Yangtze River Delta. With the development of internationalization in the future, it should be better developed to the ocean and the world.
2) Dong (Ying)-Zi (Bo) Development Zone: At present, Dong (Ying)-Zi (Bo) Development Zone is formed between Dongying Oil and Gas Energy Development Center and Coal Energy Development Center, focusing on the development of energy and related chemicals. This center is also an economic belt that should develop to the ocean. This economic belt can make use of its own oil fields and coal resources, as well as the second resource, that is, oil and gas resources imported from overseas. This development zone is closely related to Yantai Development Zone in Qinghai. For example, Qingdao Yantai Development Zone can use the conditions of shipping center and the advantages of hilly terrain and elevation below 200m to build more underground oil depots, and the storage of crude oil can also be connected with Dongzi Development Zone through pipelines. This is of great significance to the safe supply of oil and gas. This development zone can also be extended to cities outside the peninsula urban agglomeration, such as Laiwu City, making it a better resource development zone.
3) Weifang (including Shouguang)-Gaomi Development Zone: This area is located in the coastal plain around Bohai Sea and the alluvial plain in the middle and lower reaches of Laihe River, with flat terrain and promising agriculture. Cities in this area can better cooperate closely, develop the production of grain, vegetables and fruits and the processing industry of agricultural products, and build green food brands for agricultural products and related industries. Prevention of seawater intrusion, efficient utilization of water resources, prevention and control of water and soil pollution, utilization of land, introduction and development of advanced high-tech agricultural production and improvement of agricultural science and technology level are all important prerequisites for the development of this development zone.
4) Economic (South)-Economic (Yang) Development Zone: mainly developed along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Jinan is the center of politics, culture and scientific research, and the famous city of Quancheng needs protection. The natural conditions along the Yellow River to Jiyang in the west of Jinan, which are flat and close to the river, can further develop comprehensive science and technology export enterprises and pollution-free manufacturing industries. This development zone can also continue to extend down to Binzhou along the Yellow River.
The above four development zones summarize the strategic direction that can be focused on in the future in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration area.
3. Give full play to the overall function of the "H" urban structure of Shandong Peninsula.
Taking the above four economic development zones as the core, the function of "H" economic development zone of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration will be further exerted to achieve better and faster sustainable development. This "H" economic development zone includes two vertical development zones and one horizontal development zone.
Western vertical economic development zones, including Jiji Economic Development Zone and Dong Zi Economic Development Zone, are political, cultural, energy and manufacturing centers. As a pillar, this development zone has laid the foundation and supported the pressure and crisis for the economic development of Shandong Peninsula and even the whole Shandong Province. Therefore, this three-dimensional cooperative development zone composed of two interdependent economic development zones should be the main body of the "H" type economic development structure.
The eastern vertical economic development zone, composed of Qinghai Tobacco Development Zone, is located on the east side of the "H" economic structure and is also the economic pillar of the sea. It is also the center of shipping, fishery, advanced electronic industry and foreign trade. This vertical column is also a passage, which can connect Bohai Bay and Northeast China, and Nantong and the Yangtze River Delta in the south. Taking advantage of Binhai, Shandong Province can become a channel for overseas development, and form three major ports of shipping and foreign trade with Dalian Port and Shanghai Yangshan Port.
Weigao Development Zone is a horizontal line, connecting the east and west vertical economic development zones, supported by modern agriculture, food processing industry and related light industry, which makes the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration form a perfect economic structure and a development guarantee system that industry and agriculture support each other.
The letter "H" is the first letter of "high" in English, which is translated as "high" in Chinese. Giving full play to the urban function of the "H" structure of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration, making them complement and support each other, can make it form a high-tech, high-efficiency and high-quality economic development system, and promote the better sustainable development of Shandong Peninsula and even the whole Shandong Province.
To better develop Shandong Peninsula, rail transit can be better developed in the above four development zones. At present, a subsea tunnel is being built between Qingdao and Huangdao to cross Jiaozhou Bay, connect with the ground light rail and extend northward to Rizhao Port. As mentioned above, this traffic line can still connect Yantai-Qingdao-Huangdao-Rizhao-Lianyungang-Yangtze River Delta, an important eastern coastal channel, and even cross the Bohai Sea in the north and connect Dalian.
There can also be a light rail connection between Dongying and Zibo, and a light rail from Shouguang-Weifang-Gaomi-Jiaozhou Bay can be built, so that the light rail traffic will also be H-shaped. The transportation network between several development zones will provide better and faster basic conditions for people flow and logistics for the development of Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration.
See Figure 52 for the concept of economic development zone in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration area and the structural function of "H" type economic development.
Figure 52 Schematic diagram of development zone in Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration area