John maynard keynes (1833— 1946) was a famous economist, philosopher and politician who was active in western academic, ideological and political circles in the first half of the 20th century. He was also a key figure in the 20th century in the western capitalist world to cope with internal and external crises and realize the fundamental transformation of national and social governance policies and ideological traditions. In 1930s, Keynes initiated a revolution that led to fundamental changes in the paradigm and field of economics research (the famous "Keynesian Revolution"): in the late World War II and the early 1940s, Keynes participated in the establishment of the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (the predecessor of the WTO), which constituted the so-called "Washington System", that is, the world today. At the annual meeting of the American Economic Association from 65438 to 0998, Keynes was rated as the "most influential" economist in the 20th century among 150 economists (Friedman ranked second).

1February 4, 936, Keynes's representative, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, was published, which was the core document of Keynes's revolution and immediately caused a sensation in the western world that was shocked after the Great Crisis. Western scholars commented on this: "When a fatal crisis threatened the capitalist world, Keynes saved and consolidated this society." Some scholars compare Keynes's theory to "Copernicus in astronomy, Darwin in biology and Einstein in physics."

Keynes's achievements are related to his background and personality. Keynes's father (Neville) was an economist and logician in Cambridge, and his mother (Florence) was also a Cambridge graduate and was once the mayor of Cambridge. Therefore, in his youth, he had the opportunity to meet some economists and philosophers and made some friends with literary talent and innovative spirit. After entering Cambridge University to specialize in mathematics, he graduated with honors and worked as an economics teacher at King's College of Cambridge University. After the outbreak of World War I, he was recruited to work in the Ministry of Finance. He attended the Paris Peace Conference as the chief representative of the British Treasury, and resigned angrily and returned to Cambridge because his opinions on German reparations were not accepted. Keynes has long been the editor-in-chief of the authoritative journal Economics. He has published several famous books, earned hundreds of thousands of pounds in securities investment, served as a consultant or director of many companies, opened an art theater and served as the general manager of the Royal Academy. During World War II, Keynes served as an adviser to the British Treasury and was the main maker of British wartime economic policy. Before and after the war, he was busy with a series of activities such as the Anglo-American loan negotiation and the Bretton Woods Conference. 1946 died on April 2 1 day.