Trichosanthes kirilowii ... the dried and mature fruit of Trichosanthes kirilowii, a cucurbitaceae plant. It has the functions of clearing away heat and resolving phlegm, widening chest, resolving hard mass, moistening dryness and smoothing intestines. Its roots (Trichosanthes root), bark (Trichosanthes root) and seeds (Trichosanthes root) are also used as medicine.

Trichosanthes likes warm and humid climate and has strong adaptability. Wild in hillside grasslands, forest margins and wet valleys, cultivated in low mountains and hills in front of houses and yards. There are about 700 counties (cities, districts) in more than 20 provinces, cities and districts in China. There are many hybrid varieties. In Liaoning, Tianjin, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other provinces and cities, Trichosanthes kirilowii is the main one. Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other provinces mainly use bilateral Trichosanthes kirilowii. Trichosanthes kirilowii is produced in Feicheng, Changqing and Zibo in Shandong, Nantong, Zhangjiagang and Haimen in Jiangsu, Anyang, Qixian and hua county in Henan, Shaoxing, Pinghu and Tongxiang in Zhejiang, Wanyuan, Yilong, Cangxi, Pengxi and Lezhi in Sichuan, Wuchuan, Zhengan and Anshun in Guizhou, Huaining, Lu 'an and Laian in Anhui, and Dongan and Longshan in Hunan. Shandong, Anhui, Henan, Sichuan and other provinces are famous for their high quality, which are sold all over the country and exported.

Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, Trichosanthes kirilowii was mainly wild and cultivated sporadically, with a small output. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, from 65438 to 0957, the national annual purchase volume was 540 tons. 1970 The state acquired nearly 1400 tons of Trichosanthes kirilowii, which was more than twice that of 1957. In 1978, the state purchased more than 8,000 tons, nearly five times more than that in 1970, and four times as much as the sales in that year. Because the production scale is too large and the market is saturated, there is a backlog of goods. In the 1980s, under the influence of market mechanism, production and sales were basically balanced.

Trichosanthes kirilowii planting is scattered, and production management is easy to be ignored. According to the needs of the market, widely mobilize the masses, and use the front and back of the house and idle land for planting. The proportion of Trichosanthes kirilowii, Trichosanthes kirilowii kernel and Trichosanthes kirilowii root should be handled well. Straighten out prices and coordinate development. It is necessary to popularize improved varieties and improve yield and quality.

52. Forsythia suspensa

Forsythia suspensa is the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa. )Vahl。 ]. Oleaceae In early autumn, immature turquoise fruits are harvested, steamed and dried, which is called "green warping"; At the end of autumn, fruits are harvested and dried when they are ripe, yellow and cracked, which is called "old warping". Has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, reducing swelling and resolving hard mass.

Forsythia likes moist, cold-resistant, drought-resistant and bad ridges. Wild in sparse forests and bushes on hillsides. It should grow in fertile and loose soil. It is distributed in about 150 counties and cities in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Gansu provinces. Location: Anze, Lingchuan and Qinshui in Shanxi, Lushi, Luanchuan and Songxian in Henan, Shangxian and Luonan in Shaanxi. Sold all over the country and exported. Forsythia suspense products are mainly aged Forsythia suspense, supplemented by green Forsythia suspense. Qingqiao is mainly produced in Shanxi and sold to Sichuan, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin and other places.

Forsythia suspensa is rich in resources in China, and its medicinal use is mainly wild products. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, Linfen, Shanxi Province (under the jurisdiction of Anze, Huoxian and Linfen) acquired 250 tons a year. After the founding of the People's Republic of China 1957, the state purchased nearly 4,700 tons. Among them, Henan, the main producing area, purchased 4300 tons, accounting for more than 90%. In 1970s, due to deforestation, natural disasters and low purchase price, the purchase volume declined, which was in short supply. With the support of the state, the production area has strengthened the protection of wild resources and carried out artificial cultivation. By 1980, the cultivated area of forsythia suspensa in China is nearly 20,000 mu. From 1980 to 1989, a total of167,000 mu has been developed, with an annual increase of about 1000 tons. Forsythia was well supplied in the 1980s.

Forsythia suspensa is a bulk medicinal material for treating colds, and its market consumption is large. We must adhere to the combination of development and resource protection to ensure an adequate supply of goods. At the same time, forsythia suspensa is a kind of fruit medicine, which benefits for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen planning, handle the relationship between development and renewal, maintain the relative stability of production and prevent the destruction of resources.

53. Fructus Aurantii

Fructus Aurantii is the dried immature fruit of Rutaceae plant Citrus aurantium and its cultivated varieties. It has the functions of regulating qi, regulating and promoting qi and relieving flatulence. Its young fruit (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus) is also used as medicine, and its effect is the same as that of Fructus Aurantii.

Zhixi enjoys a warm and humid climate, and is resistant to cold and high temperature. Cultivated or wild in sunny dams, hills or low mountains. Distributed in Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and other provinces. Location: Hunan, Sichuan and Jiangxi. Yuanjiang, Yiyang, Qianyang, Chenxi, Mayang, Longshan and Luxi in Hunan, Jiangjin, Qijiang, Yongchuan, Wanxian, Yunyang, Pengxi and Suining in Sichuan, Duchang, Geyang, Qingjiang, Fengcheng, Xingan and Yushui in Jiangxi have a large output. Commodities include Hunan Fructus Aurantii, Sichuan Fructus Aurantii and Jiang Fructus Aurantii, which are sold all over the country and exported.

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the national annual purchase volume was 1 1,000 tons. In the 1970s, all localities accelerated the pace of production, expanded the production area and increased the planting area, with an average annual purchase of 2,300 tons. 1982 and 1983 were as high as 4,600 tons and 5,200 tons respectively, exceeding the output, and some areas reduced production and switched to production. 1985, the output dropped to 2800 tons, and only about 2000 tons were acquired by the medicinal materials system. In the next few years, production gradually resumed.

Fructus Aurantii is a woody medicinal material of fruit, which has benefited for many years. At present, the national area of Zhiliang is 654.38+10,000 mu, and the production and sales are basically adapted to the national annual demand of 3,500 tons. It is necessary to focus on old producing areas such as Jiangxi, Sichuan and Hunan, establish bases, and develop and update them in a planned way. It is necessary to strengthen management, prevent and control pests and diseases, and improve yield and quality.

54. Gardenia

Gardenia is also known as Gardenia Yellow and Gardenia Mountain. It is the dried and mature fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis of Rubiaceae. Has the functions of purging fire, relieving vexation, clearing away heat and promoting diuresis, and cooling blood and detoxicating.

Gardenia likes warm and humid, and it is drought-resistant and not cold-resistant. Wild or cultivated in hills or low mountains. Distributed in Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan, Taiwan Province and other provinces. Location: Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Fujian, Hubei and other provinces. Hunan has the largest output and Jiangxi has good quality. Commodities are sold all over the country and exported.

Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, gardenias mostly came from the wild, and there were few domestic species. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, 1957 bought 1000 tons in the whole country and sold 600 tons. In the 1960s and 1970s, the purchase of wild gardenias in Hunan and Jiangxi was relatively stable, while the production of domestic gardenias in Sichuan and other provinces increased, while the production of gardenias in China rose steadily, and the purchase and sale were basically balanced. At the end of 1970s, domestic gardenias entered the fruiting period, and their output increased. 1980- 1982 The average annual purchase volume in China is about 3,000 tons, and the sales volume is about 2,000 tons. In the middle and late 1980s, production and sales tended to be balanced. According to the market forecast, the current annual demand of gardenia is about1500-2,000 tons, and the planting area should be stabilized at 200,000 mu.

Gardenia has strong adaptability and long fruiting period. In general, people are very enthusiastic about planting. Gardenia jasminoides Ellis not only has medicinal use, but also has broad development prospects in food and chemical industry, so it should be comprehensively utilized and its dosage should be expanded.

Chinese wolfberry

Lycium barbarum is also called Xihuazi, Lycium barbarum, Lycium barbarum and Lycium barbarum. It is the dried and mature fruit of Lycium barbarum, a solanaceae plant. Has the effects of nourishing liver and kidney, benefiting heart and improving intelligence.

Lycium barbarum is adaptable, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, salt-resistant, fertilizer-resistant, and afraid of water accumulation. Wild on mountainsides, meadows, forest margins, shrubs, roadsides, etc. It should be planted on deep and fertile sandy soil with good drainage. It is distributed in more than 50 counties (cities, districts and banners) in Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Henan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Xinjiang. Location: Zhongning, Zhongwei, Lingwu, Yinchuan, Wuzhong and Guyuan in Ningxia, Julu, Shenxian, Dacheng, Ningjin in Hebei, Jinghai in Tianjin, Togtoh in Inner Mongolia, Tumd Zuo Qi, Urad Qianqi, Hangjinhouqi and Jinghe in Xinjiang. Ningxia Lycium barbarum has big seeds, thick meat, red color, few seeds and soft and sweet taste. The commodity is commonly known as "Western Lycium barbarum".

Lycium barbarum has been cultivated for more than 480 years. Ningxia is an authentic producing area of Lycium barbarum in China. In 1950s and 1960s, the old producing areas in Ningxia expanded their planting area, and new producing areas such as Hebei, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan were introduced on a large scale. 1968 The national acquisition volume reached more than 600 tons. By the mid-1970s, the annual purchase volume exceeded 1000 tons, and in the late 1970s, the average annual purchase volume was 2,600 tons. At present, according to the market demand, the annual purchase volume of Lycium barbarum should be 1500-2000 tons.

Lycium barbarum is a perennial plant, once planted, it can bear fruit and benefit for many years. First of all, we should do a good job in market research, both to develop and to prevent excess. Building a commodity base of Lycium barbarum in Ningxia. We should strengthen scientific research, broaden the application scope of Lycium barbarum and give full play to the production advantages of Lycium barbarum in China.

56.Amomum villosum

Amomum villosum, Amomum villosum, Shrinking Amomum villosum, Shell Sand. It is the dried and mature fruit of Amomum villosum. , green shell sand (Amomum villosum. Var xanthioides T.L. Wu et Senjen) or Hainan sand (Amomum longiligulare T.L. Wu). Has the effects of eliminating dampness, stimulating appetite, warming spleen, relieving diarrhea, regulating qi and preventing miscarriage.

Amomum villosum is a tropical and subtropical plant, which is wild or cultivated in wet sunny slopes or valleys below 500 meters above sea level. Distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Fujian, Sichuan and other places. Location: Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan and other places. Yangchun sand has a large quantity and high quality and is sold all over the country. Hainan Amomum villosum produced in Hainan Province and Yunnan Amomum villosum (wild) are also sold to the whole country. For example:

The distribution table of China Amomum villosum shows that the number of counties in Guangdong Province is 5 1, and the main producing areas are Yangchun, Xinyi, Gaozhou, Fengkai, Xinxing, Yunfu, Fengshun, Xuwen, Haikang and Zhanjiang. There are 8 counties in Hainan, and the main producing areas are Chengmai, Yaxian and Danxian. The number of counties in Yunnan is 13, and the main producing areas are Mengla, Xishuangbanna, Dehong, Wenshan, Simao, Honghe, Nujiang, Jiancang and Baoshan. There are 37 counties in Guangxi, and the main producing areas are Fangcheng, Wuming, Longan, Baise, Fusui, Lingshan, Hengxian, Tianlin and Qinzhou. There are 8 counties in Fujian, and the main producing areas are Changtai, Tongan, Yongchun, Xiamen, Zhao 'an, Hua 'an and Longhai.

For more than 20 years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, there was a shortage of domestic Amomum villosum, and the market was regulated by imported Amomum villosum every year. 1957, national acquisition 12 tons, sales 144 tons (including imports, the same below); 1960 due to natural disasters, the output decreased, and only 7.6 tons were purchased; The acquisition at 1965 rose to 15 tons; Later, due to the discovery of wild resources in Yunnan and the large-scale artificial planting in Guangdong, Yunnan and other provinces, the acquisition volume increased greatly. 1978 The national acquisition volume reached 155 tons; Since 1980, the Chinese medicine market has been fully liberalized and the production has been further developed. The average annual purchase volume reached 200-250 tons, and the contradiction between supply and demand was basically solved.

Guangdong, Hainan and Yunnan provinces in China are the best suitable areas for Amomum villosum production. Yangchun, Xinyi, Gaozhou and Xishuangbanna in Yunnan should be the main places to establish production bases and develop production. It is necessary to further strengthen scientific research, cultivate improved varieties, improve the pollination rate of Amomum villosum, strengthen field management and increase the yield per unit area. At present, the production and procurement of Amomum villosum in China are in good condition. In order to protect domestic production, increase farmers' income and reduce foreign exchange expenditure, the import quantity of Amomum villosum should be reduced appropriately.

57. Betel nut

Betel nut is also called Yu Lang, Dabuzi, etc. It is the dried and mature seed of areca catechu, a palm plant. It has the functions of killing insects, eliminating food stagnation, reducing qi, benefiting water and stopping malaria. Its pericarp (pericarp) is also used as medicine, which has the functions of lowering qi, widening middle energizer, promoting blood circulation and reducing swelling.

Areca catechu is a tropical rainforest plant, which likes warm and humid climate. Cultivated or wild in sunny valleys, ditches, roadsides and other wet places. Distributed in Hainan Island, Guangdong, Taiwan Province, Yunnan, Guangxi, Fujian and other provinces. Hainan Qionghai, Wanning, Tunchang, Lingshui, Qiongzhong, Baoting, Sanya and other counties and cities have a large output, which are sold all over the country with a small amount of exports.