Capital: bandar seri begawan.
Area: 5765 square kilometers.
Population (ten thousand people): 30.5 1( 1996).
Population (distribution): Most of the population is concentrated in the delta and coastal areas of major rivers. Urban residents account for 60% of the total population, and most of them are concentrated in bandar seri begawan and its vicinity.
Ethnic groups: Ethnic groups are very complicated, mainly Malays, Chinese, Brunei, Chittagong foreigners and Dudong people. Among them, Malays and Chinese account for 62.5% and 20.4% of the total population respectively.
Religion: Islam (Sunni) is the state religion.
Language: Malay is the official language, and Chinese and English are widely used.
Administrative Districts: The whole country is divided into four districts: Brunei-Muara District, Belej District, Dudong District and Tambulong District.
Physical geography: Southeast Asian countries. It is located in the north of Borneo, bordering the South China Sea in the north and Sarawak in Malaysia on the other three sides. This land is divided into two parts, east and west, about 8 kilometers apart.
Topography: The whole country is composed of Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary rocks, with high topography in the south and low topography in the north. There are strongly folded sandstones and shales in the eastern region, with the southern half above 150m, and the Pugan Mountain at the southeast corner is at 1850m, which is the highest peak in China. The western region is relatively flat and open, most of which are below 50 meters above sea level, and the eastern and southern regions are hilly areas with an altitude of 300-500 meters.
Climate: It belongs to the equatorial rainforest climate. The annual average temperature is 23 ~ 3 1℃, and the annual precipitation is 2800 mm in plain area and 3800 mm in hilly area. The northeast monsoon period (165438+ 10 to March of the following year) is rainy all year round, with large waves along the coast; The southwest monsoon period (June-September) is a light rainy season all year round, and the wind is relatively small. The annual average relative humidity is 67 ~ 9 1%.
Water system: There are many rivers, all of which originate from the southern hills and flow northward into the South China Sea. The larger ones are Bailai River and Dudong River. Baila River is 32 kilometers long, which is the longest river in China.
History of social development: Brunei's old translation of "Borneo Nai" and China's ancient books called it "Boni State" has a history of more than 400 years. At the beginning of the 5th century, Islam was introduced in 65438+ and the Sultanate was established. 1888 became a British protectorate. 194 1 occupied by Japan. 1946 became a British protectorate again. 1959 signed an agreement with Britain, stipulating that national defense, public security and foreign affairs should be managed by Britain. 1962 On August 30th, the first general election was held according to the new constitution, which put Brunei on the road of parliamentary democracy. 1967 10.5, Hassanal bolkiah officially ascended the throne after his father abdicated, becoming the 29th in Sultans Of Brunei. The new Sudan inherited the policy of benefiting the people from its parents, reformed the administrative system, carried out reforms, and promoted diversified economic development. 1 984 65438+1October1Brunei ends its suzerain relations with Britain and declares its complete independence. 1984 independence celebration was held on February 23rd, which was designated as National Day.
Politics: At independence, Sudan declared that Brunei would always be a sovereign, democratic and independent Malay Muslim monarchy. Since independence, the Sudanese government has vigorously promoted the policy of "Malaysization, Islamization and Monarchism", focused on supporting the economy of Malays and other indigenous people, and strictly safeguarded Islamic teachings while carrying out modernization. Pay attention to consolidating the royal rule and strengthening the unity between the royal family and the people. Strictly control the activities of Muslim extremists. From 65438 to 0997, the political situation remained stable and the people's lives were stable.
Constitution: The first constitution was promulgated on September 29th, 1959. Important changes were made in 197 1 and 1984, and were reviewed in 1994. According to the Constitution, Sudan is the head of state and has all the highest administrative powers.
Government: The current government was announced by Sultans Of Brunei on 1 988 65438+February1and reorganized on1989 65438+1October. There are 10 cabinet members.
Parliament/National Assembly: The former Legislative Assembly was composed of 33 people, of whom 65,438+06 were elected by the people. Legislative Assembly elections were held in 1962 and 1965, and were suspended in 1970. Since then, all parliamentarians have been appointed by Sudan. 1984 announced the abolition of parliament.
Judiciary: In addition to the Islamic courts, the Supreme Court consists of the Court of Appeal and the High Court.
Political parties:1On May 30, 985, Sudan announced that it would allow political parties to register, followed by Brunei National Democratic Party and Brunei National Unity Party. Only the Brunei National Unity Party remains.
Economy: Oil and nature are the pillars of the economy, but the proportion of non-oil and gas industries has increased. Since independence, we have actively pursued the policy of economic diversification and strived to change the single economic structure that relies too much on oil and natural gas. In recent years, the construction industry has developed rapidly, which is second only to the oil and gas industry. The clothing industry has also made great progress. The main problems in economic development are the narrow domestic market, weak infrastructure and serious shortage of technology and labor.
Currency: Currency name: Brunei Dollar.
Exchange rate: exchange rate (1996): 1 USD = 1.4 1 Brunei Dollar.
GDP: GDP (1995): 7,394.2 million Brunei dollars.
Per capita GDP: per capita GDP (1995): 24 100 Brunei dollars.
GDP growth rate: GDP growth rate (1995): 3%.
Inflation rate: Inflation rate (1996): 2%.
Unemployment rate: unemployment rate (1996): 4.7%.
Resources: 1992, estimated oil reserves1400 million barrels, and natural gas about 320 billion cubic meters. The forest area is 469046 hectares.
Industry: Oil and natural gas are mainly mined and refined, and construction is the second largest emerging industry, alongside food processing, furniture manufacturing, ceramics, cement and textiles.
Agriculture and animal husbandry: the output value of agriculture, forestry and fishery accounts for about 2.7% of GDP. There are small areas of rice and tropical crops, such as rubber, pepper and coconut. 80% of food is imported. The self-sufficiency rate of rice is 25%, including vegetables, beef, eggs, rice and poultry. Have reached self-sufficiency or nearly self-sufficiency.
Tourism:1996,450,000 tourists go to Wenzhou. The main attractions are Shuicun with unique ethnic characteristics, Saifuding Mosque and Jieludong Park.
Transportation:
Highway: 1995, with a total length of 2469.6 kilometers.
Water transport: Water transport is an important transport channel. Muara Deepwater Port is the main port, in addition to Bandar Seri Begawan, Guala Belej and Rumu.
Air transport: There is an international airport in the capital. 26 international air routes have been opened.
Finance and finance: the national fiscal revenue mainly depends on the export income of oil and natural gas.
The official foreign exchange reserve is about $38 billion, and there is no foreign debt. China has 8 banks and 40 sub-branches. As of 1996, the bank's total assets were 8,962.5 billion Brunei dollars.
Foreign trade: mainly exporting oil and liquefied natural gas; Import machinery and transportation equipment, industrial products, food, medicines, etc. The main trade targets are Japan, Britain, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia and the United States. The main trade targets are Japan, Britain, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia and the United States.
British capital ranks first, followed by Holland, Japan and the United States. The investment projects are mainly oil exploration and development, natural gas liquefaction projects and power station development.
Foreign relations: pursuing a foreign policy of non-alignment and friendship with other countries is regarded as the cornerstone of ASEAN's foreign policy. Attach importance to developing relations with ASEAN countries, Islamic countries, Commonwealth countries, Japan and the United States. It advocates maintaining regional peace, security and stability, takes a positive attitude towards regional economic cooperation and opposes trade protectionism. It is believed that the changes in the international situation in recent years have had a profound impact on international political relations, and the United Nations and regional organizations should play a role in maintaining peace and stability. It is advocated that all countries, big or small, strong or weak, should respect each other's sovereignty and freedom. We support the expansion of ASEAN and advocate that Cambodian affairs must be solved by the Cambodian people themselves. It is hoped that all parties concerned in the Middle East issue can reach a just and lasting solution and join the GATT on February 9, 1993. 1994 April 15 became a member of the World Trade Organization. At present, China has established diplomatic relations with 1 10 countries.
Relations with China: China and China established diplomatic relations on September 30th, 199 1. In 1993, 10, 1 10, China and the DPRK set up libraries in each other's capitals, and then exchanged permanent ambassadors. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations, relations between the two countries have developed rapidly.
From 65438 to 0997, Chinese relations continued to develop steadily, and exchanges and cooperation in various fields were further strengthened.
According to the statistics of the General Administration of Customs of China, in 1997, the total trade volume of China people was 33 1 10,000 US dollars, the export volume of China people was 33.309 million US dollars, and the export volume of China people was 1 10,000 US dollars. China mainly exports commodities to Brunei, such as food, textiles, steel and building materials, and imports petroleum and petroleum products from Brunei.