Land rover history
Range Rover has just celebrated its 30th anniversary this year since 1970 went public. This off-road recreational vehicle with the reputation of Rolls-Royce off-road vehicle has produced a total of 460,000 vehicles so far. Because of its many unique design concepts, this car has always been loved by off-road players and even celebrities. Now, let's briefly introduce the history of Range Rover. 1In the late 1960s, there was a trend and demand for the original 4×4 off-road vehicle to be used for leisure travel in the American market. So at this time, Rover launched the Range Rover for the global market, combining the design experience of Rover's own luxury car and Land Rover 4x4 off-road vehicle.
After that, Ranger Rover successively carried out the action of improving the model and changing the model. One of the biggest changes was in the early1980s, including the addition of more luxury equipment and four-door models. Among them, four-door models are quite popular with consumers, so they quickly replaced the original two-door models and became the main force of the car system. 1987, Range Rover officially entered the American market.
By 1989, ABS was listed as standard, and then the famous computer-controlled adjustable automobile high-voltage suspension system appeared on this car; At the same time, Range Rover also added an extended eight-body Vogue LSE model (called County LWB in the North American market).
The last change of the first generation Range Rover was in 1994, with the emphasis on adding double airbags in the front seat. When the second-generation model was released a few months later, the first-generation model was renamed Ranger Rover Classic, and 1996 was officially discontinued.
The development plan of the second generation Range Rover began in the late 1980s. The original new car development plan was code-named "Discovery". However, this code name was later used as the official name of the new car launched by Land Rover in 1989, so the code name of the project was changed to Pegasus, and it was renamed to 38A in the early 1990s of 1968+0990. ..
At present, the special feature of the second-generation Range Rover is that it is equipped with an advanced body electronic control module, which can display all driving-related information through the display screen on the dashboard. The improved electronically controlled hydraulic suspension is also listed as standard equipment.
Land Rover's 30 Years Memorabilia
1970 coupe introduced a 3.5-liter V8 engine.
198 1 Add Vogur Deluxe Edition and Four-door Edition.
1983 five-speed manual platoon replaces four-speed automatic platoon.
1985 top-class cars are replaced by jet fuel supply engines. A new type of automatic platoon replaces the five-element manual platoon.
1986 diesel scooter launched a 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine.
1987 is listed in the United States.
1988 new top Vogue SE is on the market. V8 carburetor model discontinued.
1989 engine is enlarged to 3.9 liters of gasoline and 2.5 liters of diesel. Equipped with ABS system
1992 long-axis Vogue LSE became a top model.
1994 is equipped with double airbags. The two-door car was discontinued. The second generation of new cars is on the market.
The first generation products have been discontinued.
Launched a limited edition of 1999, with a car price of 65,438+10,000 pounds.
The 30th anniversary of 2000.
Enlightenment of Land Rover sprouting on the farm
After the rise of shipping, the ocean covering 7/ 10 of the earth's surface expanded Britain's national strength to the peak, so-called the sun never sets; After World War II and the wave of nationalism after the war, Britain's influence in the international arena has gradually declined, which is not what it used to be. Today, it has only become a term in history textbooks. But 55 years ago, an inspiration from a farm took the British flag and conquered the sea that the sea could not cover.
Land Rover, the world leader in the four-wheel drive industry, has been in existence for nearly 55 years since 1948 was established. Today, Land Rover has long been synonymous with four-wheel drive vehicles for users around the world, and its luxury and off-road performance are deeply rooted in people's hearts.
Starting with agricultural vehicles
Looking back on its early development, Land Rover started by producing agricultural trucks.
1948, Britain, which just got out of the six-year war, faced with the dilapidated economy, many car manufacturers have devoted themselves to the production of civilian cars, and Rover is one of them. At that time, the biggest problem faced by many car factories was the serious shortage of iron raw materials after the war, and steel was needed for reconstruction. Therefore, the British government has set strict restrictions on the supply of steel, and Rover's engineers have already started designing. But after the design is completed. Apart from licensing and proportional rationing, the restrictions on steel supply have not been lifted. Because the British government completely pinned the hope of the national economy on the export of social services (export with the slogan at that time, or you can imagine a dead end), and the rationed steel quantity of automobile manufacturing is also calculated according to the export proportion of its products, the plan to produce small cars for the domestic market was put on hold.
Rover's first car after the war was an agricultural truck code-named P-4, and there was a dramatic episode in the great change of production plan from small car to agricultural truck.
Farm inspiration
1947, Haul lcewi1ks, an engineer of the rover, owned a farm of his own. The most important vehicle on the farm is an American jeep retired from the battlefield. One day, his brother Spencer Wilkes, the general manager of Rover, asked him what to do if the jeep broke down. Morris thought about it and said that there seemed to be no other choice but to buy another one.
This problem gave the Wilkes brothers a vision and directly prompted Rover to quickly decide to produce a multi-purpose four-wheel drive model. Except the chassis and transmission system of American Willis Jeep, other parts are made by ourselves, and a large number of ready-made Rover P-3 parts, such as engines and gearboxes, are used to save costs. At the same time, a simple body structure and a large number of aluminum body designs were adopted, which overcame the iron deficiency environment at that time, and the non-corrosive advantages of aluminum also made the car more durable. This multifunctional vehicle is mainly used as an agricultural vehicle, so it is mainly designed to install various farm tools. Rover intends to shape himself as an assistant to every farmer.
When the British government rationed steel, Rover and Morris regarded this multi-purpose delivery truck as the best over-product.
However, no one expected that the accidental inspiration from the farm would expand the territory to 3/ 10 of the earth's surface in a few years. This is just a design to fill the product gap, and it will become Rover's best-selling car series, and now it has expanded to four cars.
Agricultural truck
1945 under the car, rover moved the production line to the secret military factory during the log war, and became a big manufacturer of small cars after the war. The vast workshop here is enough to accommodate all the new models produced by Rover. The attitude of the British government here is to encourage automobile manufacturers to export to earn foreign exchange. Rover urgently needs to launch a new car that can be mass-produced. 1946, rover introduced the design of M 1 two-seater 700cc small car, but the general reaction at that time was that the MI was too small to be accepted by the global market, so rover had to give up the MI and find another alternative.
1947, Spencer and Morris brothers brought the first light to the rover in the turbidity. They came up with a clever answer to the dilemma they faced at that time-an agricultural truck. Measuring the domestic and international environment after the war, the tough chassis and four-wheel drive multi-purpose pickup truck were undoubtedly the most suitable for the demand at that time. The simple aluminum fuselage can solve the problem of steel shortage and is more durable in harsh environment.
Named Land Rover
Rover's new design shone brilliantly at the Amsterdam Motor Show in the spring of 1948, and even Rover himself felt a little surprised. This 1.6 liter four-cylinder agricultural pickup truck named Land Rover by Morris Brothers is obviously very popular in Britain and other markets around the world. The original idea of Wilkes Brothers: excellent off-road capability, simple structure, aluminum body and multi-purpose design, which completely fit the environment at that time. This car is the original origin of Land Rover.
The output has soared.
1950, Land Rover introduced a station wagon with a passenger seat, but it was no longer produced in 195 1 year due to high tax burden and high price. Nevertheless, Rover has not given up the plan to produce advanced 4X4 models.
Land Rover * * * produced 3,048 vehicles in 1948, increased to 8,000 vehicles in the following year, and doubled in 1950, reaching15,000 vehicles, which was widely adopted by military police all over the world. The British army ordered the first batch of Land Rover on 1949, and intends to purchase a batch of specially-made Land Rover bodies for armored forces, equipped with Rolls-Royce engines. Although the plan was finally shelved, Land Rover was still regarded as a standard light vehicle of the Army.
In 1950, Land Rover's full-time four-wheel drive system adds a rear drive mode for drivers to choose the appropriate drive mode according to driving conditions.
Step into glory
1950, the displacement of Land Rover engine was increased to 2.0 liters, and the wheelbase was increased to 2 185mm in the following year, and a four-door model was introduced. By 1958, Land Rover extended the wheelbase to 2235mm and 2770mm respectively, and the displacement of gasoline engine increased to 2.3 liters, an increase of 2. 0-liter diesel engine models and 2.3-liter diesel engines did not appear until 196 1.
The long-lived second-generation Land Rover IIA was introduced in 1958, and it was not replaced until the third-generation Land Rover appeared in 197 1, but this model was not very successful in business.
1966 introduced an improved version of Land Rover, code-named 1 1B, with a wheelbase of 2794mm, which was the first time that Land Rover used a 2.6-liter six-cylinder engine. This spring, the total output of Land Rover reached 500,000 vehicles, adding one ton of truck models and 1/2 tons of military models to meet the air transport demand.
Tour victory and defender launch
In 1950s, Rover had planned to add a new model-Road Rover, which was between ordinary cars and off-road Land Rover, and adopted rear-wheel drive design. However, except for various prototypes, this idea did not formally come into being. It was not until the mid-1960s that this plan was put into practice to deal with competitors. 1970 Vehicle Range Rover was unveiled in July. It is equipped with a Rover 3.5 liter V8 engine. At the same time, the original Land Rover's steel plate suspension was replaced by a long-stroke spring, and the Range Rover still used four-wheel drive. In addition to excellent off-road ability, road driving performance and comfort have also been greatly improved. The luxurious design of Range Rover soon became the king of four-wheel drive in the market.
The third generation Land Rover was also launched by 197 1, and it was renamed Defender after several changes in more than ten years until 1990.
Independent portal
Rover was merged into the state-owned BL[ Leland] group in 1976, and the total output of Land Rover reached the milestone of 1 10,000 vehicles that year.
Land Rover, originally produced temporarily by Rover Company to cope with the environment, became its own owner at 1978, no longer just a car name. In order to manage the growing business, Land Rover Company was established and became the next independent company of Rover Group. At the same time, the Solihull factory, which originally produced Land Rover, became the base camp of Land Rover, while the production line of Rover was moved to Oxford.
Reform hanging
1980 land rover and diesel vehicles were equipped with new four-cylinder engines respectively. In addition to the 3.5-liter V8 engine, a 2.5-liter diesel engine was added three years later. In the V8 model introduced by 1985, its suspension is designed with hydraulic shock absorber and spring, with a five-speed gearbox, while the old model with leaf spring suspension in the third generation has been discontinued. The winning four-door car was also born in 198 1, and the automatic transmission car was launched every other year.
Forced to sell
In the 1980s, under the increasing global competitive pressure, the sales of Land Rover models declined steadily. The annual sales volume of 1986 is only 19 195, which is the lowest record of Land Rover in more than 30 years. However, it is gratifying that the sales volume in Guan Sheng has been rising. In 1987, the sales volume exceeded 20,000 vehicles for the first time, which represents Land Rover's return to the American market.
In order to improve the national finance, the British government has been hoping to privatize state-owned enterprises, and Leland Group has also been involved in the wave, first closing several smaller affiliated factories. 1986, the British government originally planned to hand over Land Rover and Land Rover Motor Company to the American General Motors Group, but in the face of opposition from the people and Congress, it had to give up. 1988 rover and land rover were finally bought by British aerospace company.
Push out discovery
1989 land rover company has extracted many technologies and designs from sightseeing bus, and launched four-wheel drive and mid-price discovery in time for the growing family leisure tourism market. When it was first introduced, there were only three-door designs, and five models were added every other year, powered by 3.8-liter V8 and 2.5-liter diesel Tdi turbocharged engines. It is found that it has been quite successful in domestic and overseas markets after its introduction.
1990, Land Rover changed its name to Defender. Land Rover is only the brand name of the car factory, so the meaning of the word Land Rover is unknown. The newly named Guardian is also equipped with a Tdi diesel engine.
Air suspension
1992 long-axle model was successfully launched, which improved the leg space of rear seats. At the same time, the suspension of this car was changed to electric pneumatic type, which replaced the original shock absorber and spring, and the power system was changed to 4.2-liter V8 engine. At the same time, diesel vehicles also use TDI engine.
Sell to BMW
1993, the total output value of Land Rover reached150,000 vehicles. 1994 Shortly after BMW Germany acquired Rover, it launched the second generation model Guan Sheng. All new cars have a wheelbase of 2745 mm Apart from a more elegant appearance, there are three options for the engine shaft: 4.6-liter V8 and BMW's 2.5-liter six-cylinder diesel. After the launch of the new Guan Sheng model, it further consolidated its leading position in the global luxury off-road vehicle. The first generation of Guan Sheng continued to produce, and it was not until 1996 that it really retired from the production line. 3 176 15 vehicles were produced before the production was stopped.
In the mid-1990s, the annual output of Land Rover's three major car series was stable at about 25,000 vehicles, and the total output of 1.995 exceeded 1 10,000 vehicles for the first time, among which the best-selling car series was Discovery Car Series.
Freedom came out.
1997, Land Rover Freelander was born to meet the small and medium-sized and affordable 4WD market demand. There are three-door and five-door models, equipped with 1.8 development power and four-wheel independent suspension used with Rover. In particular, it is equipped with HDC, which can automatically suppress the speed on steep slopes and downhill sections.
From 1947 to 4x4 legend, in the past 55 years, 76% of all Land Rover cars have continued to drive on their four wheels in a corner of the earth.
Now Land Rover has separated from BMW Group and become a member of Ford Motor Group. Its brand and product model remain relatively independent, and new models are constantly introduced to maintain the status of luxury off-road vehicles.
Land Rover Defender
1 series personalized cars
Land rover 1 10 was published on 1983. The leaf spring was replaced by a spiral spring, and the Range Rover was introduced into this series.
It is equipped with a resin grille, and the front glass is a whole piece, not a hinged folding. Its series has three engines: 3.5-liter V8 gasoline engine, 2.5-liter inline four-cylinder gasoline engine and 2.5-liter inline diesel engine. Most cars in this series are equipped with full-time 4x4 devices. Other notable changes include power steering and disc brakes.
1990, the name of Series4 was changed to Defender. As the successor of Land Rover, this car also has a bright future.
The three models of "Guardian" are divided into 90, 1 10 and 130 on the wheelbase, all of which are equipped with a 5-speed gearbox and a 2-speed gearbox. Choosing a soft roof or a metal roof with air conditioning can meet different needs. "Guardian" is durable and trustworthy, which is proved by the fact that 70% of the "guardians" made in history are still in use. Does this photo often appear in reports in war-torn areas—
[align=center] Land and Tiger Series
Most changes occur in mechanical equipment [/align]
Series 3 Land Rover 197 1. At that time, Land Rover was 1968, a product produced by the merger of a British automobile manufacturing company that had been acquired twice and a large British manufacturing company Leyland Corp Most of the changes made to Series3, in addition to the internal style, such as the layout of steering wheel and instruments, have added a fully synchronous transmission and a large clutch (which was only installed on diesel vehicles in the past). In addition, the six-cylinder model has become the standard for all models. In addition, the braking device has also been strengthened.
The V8 engine transplanted with Range Rover 1974 added overdrive as an option, but it didn't change substantially in 1970s. Even so, Series3 is still very popular, with annual sales stable at more than 50,000 vehicles. 1976 passed the standard of cumulative production of one million vehicles.
1979, a 3.5-liter V8 engine was installed on the Series3 model. Like the engine used in Range Rover, in order to install this new engine, the grille is moved forward and the hood is raised to make it look like the current Defender style. With this change, Series3 also installed a full-time 4x4 device like Range Rover. But at this stage, there are still some quality problems that need to be improved from electrical components to other parts of the vehicle. Nevertheless, since the first generation of products, as a heavy vehicle, it has been widely welcomed by users.
A large car, equipped with a 3.5-liter V8 engine, looks like Defender style.
The engine is a 2286cc water-cooled inline four-cylinder gasoline engine with a power of 77bhp and a maximum speed of about106 km/h/h. 。
Open pickup truck
You can see a Series 1 car in the back, which is the first Land Rover produced. Compared with the previous one, it is a Series3 Land Rover, which is the/kloc-0.00 millionth car to be produced.
Land Rover V8 109 minibus, 1979, adopts 3528cc water-cooled V8 engine series 3.
3 series car cab
Series 3 adopts V8 engine.
Land rover hill
Powerful new engine
Land Rover once again chose the Amsterdam Motor Show to showcase its new car models at the 1 1 annual meeting. Body widening 1.5 inch. Mechanically, there is a free wheel at the front, and the piston working capacity of gasoline engine has also increased to 2.3 liters.
Sales of Series2 continue to sell as well as their predecessors, and orders from military circles in many countries have also increased. Australia 1959, Switzerland 1960 to buy this kind of car.
Series2A comes from 196 1. During this period, Land Rover was working on two projects at the same time. The first project is to produce a flat-headed car with a cab named FC above the engine. The second item is to produce an ultra-light military vehicle. As a production car, FC came out in 1962, while the British army adopted its light-duty car in 1968.
The 1967 109 vehicle with a large wheelbase is equipped with a 2.6-liter six-cylinder gasoline engine. The launch of the six-cylinder engine has established Land Rover's reputation, and the luxurious interior has consolidated its position.
Series2A was mass-produced before 197 1 10, and the overall extension has not changed substantially, except that the headlights have moved.
Series 2 cars are transformed into rotating families.
Series 2 fire truck
This Pink Panther is a Land Rover with military technical standards.
The main change of Series2A is the addition of diesel engine in its product series, and the gasoline engine is actually the same as Series2.
Land rover series 1
A very suitable agricultural vehicle
On April 30th, 1948, Rover exhibited a new type of agricultural vehicle at the Amsterdam Auto Show, which caused a sensation. All kinds of electrical appliances are sold as optional goods, but the price is very low, only 450 pounds. At that time, Britain levied a sales tax of 33% on passenger cars, but not on agricultural vehicles, which is one reason why the price can be set so low.
At the Amsterdam Motor Show, not only the news media were interested in this kind of car, but also a large number of interested buyers. However, since the production of 1947. Land Rover's production capacity on the assembly line is very low, and it can only assemble 12 vehicles per week. Because of this, the company only produced 80 cars in the first production year. Since then, with the gradual increase of mass production, Land Rover has been able to produce 1758 vehicles by1948 65438+February. In June 5438+10, Land Rover had exported its products to 68 countries around the world. At the beginning of 1950, the car was approved as the official car of the British army, which greatly promoted the stability of its sales. In the first decade, Land Rover produced more than 265,438+00,000 vehicles, 70% of which were exported to more than 50 countries around the world. It is no exaggeration to say that 1 series is very reliable, and its Land Rover legend has spread all over the world.
[Alignment = Center]
Before 1950, the headlights of early cars were placed in the grille.
1948 10, a minibus was added, but the marketing price was too high, so the sales were not smooth.
1956, the track length was extended by 88 inches, and diesel vehicles were added to the product range.
Personal anthology of car bandits and road tyrants;
Atlas appreciation
Personal anthology of car bandits and road tyrants;
Personal anthology of car bandits and road tyrants;
Personal anthology of car bandits and road tyrants;
Personal anthology of car bandits and road tyrants;
Personal anthology of car bandits and road tyrants;