Independence Day: 65438+1October 1 (1960)
National Day: 65438+1October 1 (1960)
National flag: it is a horizontal rectangle with an aspect ratio of 2:1. The flag surface consists of three parallel and equal vertical rectangles with green sides and white in the middle. Green symbolizes agriculture, while white symbolizes peace and unity.
National emblem: the central pattern is the coat of arms. The black shield is painted with a white "Y" pattern, black symbolizes the fertile land of Nigeria, and the "Y" pattern symbolizes the Niger River, the largest river flowing through the country, and its tributary Benue River. At the top of the coat of arms is an eagle spreading its wings, with a white horse on each side. The eagle and the horse symbolize dignity and strength. Heralds and white horses stand on the grass dotted with flowers, and the ribbon below reads "Unity and confidence, peace and progress" in English.
Physical geography: covers an area of over 920,000 square kilometers. Nepal is located in the southeast of West Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean to the south. It borders Benin in the west, Niger in the north, Chad across Lake Chad in the northeast and Cameroon in the east and southeast. The coastline is 800 kilometers long. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The coast is a strip plain with a width of about 80 kilometers; Low mountains and hills in the south, most areas are 200-500 meters above sea level; In the middle is the Niger-Benue Valley; Hausalan Plateau in the north exceeds the national area 1/4, with an average elevation of 900 meters. The eastern border is mountainous, and the northwest and northeast are sokoto Basin and Lake Chad Lake West Basin respectively. There are many rivers, the main ones are Niger River and its tributary Benue River, and the length of Niger River is 1400 km. It belongs to tropical monsoon climate with high temperature and rainy weather. The whole year is divided into dry season and rainy season, with an average annual temperature of 26 ~ 27℃.
Population: Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa with a population of 65,438+33 million (2005). There are more than 250 ethnic groups in China, among which the main tribes are Hausa-Fulani in the north, Yoruba in the southwest and Igbo in the east. The main national languages in Nepal are Hausa, Yoruba and Igbo, and English is the official language. Among the residents, Islam accounts for 50%, Christianity for 40%, and others account for 10%.
Capital: Abuja. The population is about 3 million (2005). The capital was originally Lagos, a southern seaport, and moved to Abuja, a mainland city, in19912. The average maximum temperature is 34 to 37℃, and the average minimum temperature is 20℃.
National dignitaries: President Olusegun Obasanjo was elected in February 1999 and re-elected in April 2003.
Brief history: Nigeria is an ancient African civilization with a relatively developed culture as early as 2000 years ago. The famous culture of Noke, Ife and Benin makes Nigeria enjoy the reputation of "cradle of culture" in Africa. In the 8th century, Zaghawa nomadic tribe established the Kanem-Bornu Empire around Lake Chad. From 14 to 16 century, the Sanghai Empire flourished. 1472 Portuguese invasion. /kloc-British invasion in the middle of 0/6th century. 19 14 became a British colony and was called "Nigerian Colony and Protector". 1947 Britain ratified Nigeria's new constitution and established a federal government. 1954 Nigeria realizes internal autonomy. 1 960 65438+1October1declared independence and became a member of the Commonwealth. 1963 10 10/day, Nigeria was founded. There have been many military coups since independence, and the military has been in power for a long time. 1993165438+10. In October, the military government headed by Abacha took over the political power, and set up an interim leadership committee and a federal executive committee to exercise state power. 1June 8, 998, Abacha died suddenly. On the 9th, Abubakar, chief of staff of national defense, took over as head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and decided to hand over power to the democratically elected government on May 29th. 1999. In the presidential election held in February199, Obasanjo, the candidate of the People's Democratic Party and former head of state, was elected President of the Fourth Republic and took office on May 29th.
The Nigerian president announced that he would withdraw his troops from Bakassi Peninsula.
Administrative division: federalism. There are three levels of government: federal government, state government and local government. 1996 10 re-divided administrative regions, and the whole country was divided into 1 federal capital territory, 36 states and 774 local governments. The 36 states are: Abia, Ibom, Akwa, Adamaoua, Anambra, bauchi state, Benue, borno state, Cros River, Triangle, Edo, Enugu, imo state, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, katsina, Bi Ke, Kogi, kwara state and Bik.
Politics: The current Constitution was promulgated on May 5, 1999/KLOC-0, and came into effect on May 29 of the same year. The Constitution was revised on the basis of the Constitution of Nepal 1979. The main contents include: Nepal is an inalienable sovereign country and implements federalism; Implement a political system of separation of powers, with the president as the chief executive and leading the cabinet to govern the country; The National Assembly consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives, which is the highest legislative body in the country. Members are directly elected for a term of four years. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body; Both the President and the National Assembly are elected. The term of office of the president is four years, and the term of office shall not exceed two.
Economy: Nigeria is the largest oil producer in Africa, the tenth largest oil producer in the world and a member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Nigeria's proven oil reserves are 35.2 billion barrels, and the daily output of crude oil is 2.5 million barrels. Nigeria was an agricultural country in the early days of independence. In 1970s, the petroleum industry rose and became the pillar industry of its national economy. At present, the output value of the oil industry accounts for 20% to 30% of Nigeria's GDP, and 95% of Nigeria's foreign exchange income and 80% of the federal government's fiscal revenue come from the oil industry. In recent years, Nigeria's annual oil exports have exceeded $654.38+000 billion. Nigeria is rich in natural gas, coal and other resources. Nigeria's proven natural gas reserves reach 5 trillion cubic meters, ranking first in the world. Nigeria's coal reserves are about 2.75 billion tons, making it the only coal producer in West Africa.
After 1980s, with the drop of oil price in the international market, Nigeria's economy was in trouble. 1992 is classified as a low-income country by the International Monetary Fund. Since 1995, the government has rectified the economy and achieved certain results. 65438-0998 was affected by the drop in oil prices in the international market and the shutdown of domestic refineries, and the economic growth slowed down. 1999 after Obasanjo took office, he actively promoted liberalization and privatization reform, implemented a tight monetary policy, strictly restricted borrowing of new debts, vigorously supported agriculture, strengthened the development of oil, natural gas, mining and other industries and infrastructure construction, and actively sought foreign investment, foreign aid and debt relief. Due to the favorable external factors of the continuous rise of oil prices in the international market, the economic situation in Nepal tends to improve. The main manufacturing industries are textile, automobile assembly, wood processing, cement, beverage and food processing, mostly concentrated in Lagos and its surrounding areas. The infrastructure is in disrepair for a long time, the technical level is low, and most industrial products still rely on imports. Agriculture accounts for 40% of GDP. 70% of the country's labor force is engaged in agriculture. The main agricultural producing areas are concentrated in the northern region. At present, the mode of agricultural production is still dominated by small-scale peasant economy, and food cannot be self-sufficient, and it still needs to be imported in large quantities every year.
Press and publication: The press and publication is relatively developed. There are nearly/kloc-0.00 kinds of newspapers and magazines in China, as well as dozens of radio and TV stations. Both the federal and state governments have news departments responsible for publicity. The main newspapers are Clumsy (English), Daily Times (English), Guardian (English), New Nigeria (English and Hausa), National Harmony (English) and Pioneer (English). Nigeria News Agency (NAN) is the official news agency established in June of 1978+00, and the work of Pan-African News Agency West Africa Branch is also undertaken by NIN News Agency. Federal Broadcasting Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN), formerly known as Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, was established in 1952. It was renamed as 1978 in June. National Television Nigeria (NTA) was established in 1962, led by the Ministry of Information and Culture of the federal government, with more than 5,000 staff. The whole country is divided into six TV zones. At present, there are 45 TV stations, of which 13 are private cable TV and satellite relay stations.
Diplomacy: pursuing a diversified foreign policy of non-alignment, good-neighborliness and "putting national interests first". Actively safeguard African unity, promote regional cooperation and promote the process of economic integration in West Africa. Actively participate in the peacekeeping operations of the United Nations and African regional organizations, and seek to play the role of a big African country.
Relations with China: 197 1 February 10 Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Nigeria and China, the friendly and cooperative relations between the two countries have developed smoothly. The cooperation between the two sides in the fields of economy and trade, oil and gas development, infrastructure construction, agriculture and high technology has developed rapidly and achieved remarkable results. In 2005, the bilateral trade volume between China and Nepal reached US$ 2.83 billion, a year-on-year increase of 29.6%. Nigeria has become an important trading partner and investment target of China in Africa. In April 2005, President Obasanjo paid a state visit to China and the two countries issued a joint communique. In April 2006, President Hu Jintao paid a state visit to Nigeria, and Hu Jintao delivered an important speech entitled "Working Together to Develop a New Strategic Partnership between China and Africa" in the Nigerian National Assembly. The two countries also issued a joint communique.